半干旱地区县域土地利用生态系统服务功能价值估算
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摘要
半干旱地区生态环境比较脆弱,土地利用类型变化过程对维持生态系统服务功能起着决定性作用,研究不同土地利用类型的生态系统服务功能变化具有重要意义。随着西部大开发对土地利用结构的调整,需要显化出土地利用的生态服务价值,提高人们的生态保护意识,进一步优化土地利用结构和布局。县域的土地利用实践性比较强,对政策执行结果反映的最直接,研究其生态服务价值,有助于观察近期土地利用结构和布局是否合理。和林格尔县作为呼和浩特市的郊县,也是国家生态建设示范县之一,近十几年土地利用变化较大,随之引起的区域生态环境变化也十分显著。因此,研究土地生态系统服务功能价值变化对于维持和林格尔县土地生态平衡,提高土地利用效率,促进经济与环境的协调发展具有重要意义。
本研究估算了和林格尔县1997—2007年的土地利用生态系统服务功能价值。在研究中结合和林格尔县的实际情况,建立了一套适合和林格尔县的土地生态系统服务功能价值评估体系,分别对农田、林地、草地、水域和居民点及工矿用地5种用地类型的食物生产及原材料功能价值、生态旅游功能价值、涵养水源功能价值、保持土壤功能价值、净化空气功能价值、废物处理功能价值和维持生物多样性功能价值进行了评估。在评估方法上主要采用了市场价值法、影子价格法、影子工程法、机会成本法、造林成本法、碳税法、工业制氧法、恢复费用法等方法,并且参考了谢高地等人的研究成果。
研究结果表明:(1)总体来看,和林格尔县1997-2007年土地生态系统直接服务价值呈现逐年递增趋势,间接服务价值却呈现出“先增后减”的变化趋势。1997-2003年间土地生态间接服务价值逐年递增,到2003年间接服务价值达到最大值668249.19×10~4元,2003—2007年间土地生态间接服务价值逐年递减,四年间土地利用生态系统间接服务价值减少了7044.36×10~4元。(2) 1997-2007年间和林格尔县土地利用生态系统间接服务价值中净化空气和涵养水源的服务价值最大,其次为废弃物处理服务价值和维持生物多样性服务价值。而直接服务价值的食物生产及原材料价值增长最快。(3)分析土地利用类型变化与土地利用生态间接服务价值变化之间的关系可知,土地利用类型的变化是影响间接服务价值的主要因素,1997-2007年间和林格尔县土地利用处在调整时期,土地生态系统间接服务价值的变化与土地利用动态度有较好的吻合性。(4)和林格尔县1997年土地生态系统服务价值为GDP的16.42倍,该倍数逐年降低,到了2007年为0.72倍。从总体上看,研究期内和林格尔县的经济发展与土地生态系统服务功能之间呈现负相关。对比和林格尔县同期生态价值和经济发展可以看出,土地生态服务价值的增长率远远落后于经济的增长率,甚至在某些时期是以牺牲生态环境为代价来谋求经济的发展。因此,建议和林格尔县今后在追求经济增长的同时也要注重生态环境的建设,使经济、社会和生态和谐发展。
Semi-arid regions’fragile eco-environment, changeing in land-use types for the maintenance of ecosystem services will play a decisive role, researching the type of land use changing under the change of ecosystem services is important With the development of the western region of the land use structure of the required significant land-use value of ecosystem services, improving people's awareness of ecological protection, and further optimizing the structure and layout of land use. County land-use practice of the strong results of the implementation of the policy reflected in the most direct, the value of its ecosystem services, contribute to the recent observation of land use structure and layout is reasonable. Huhhot Hollinger as the suburban counties as well as building national ecological demonstration counties, one of the last decade the larger land-use change, resulting changes in the regional ecological environment is also very remarkable. Therefore, the land value of ecosystem services Change Hollinger County for the maintenance of ecological balance of land, improve land use efficiency, promote economic and environmental development of great significance.
This study estimated the 1997-2007 Hollinger County land use in the value of ecosystem services. Combination in the study and the actual situation of Hollinger County, set up a set of suitable land Hollinger County the value of ecosystem services assessment system, Separately on the farmland, woodland, grassland, water and land for settlements and industrial land use types of five kinds of food production and function of the value of raw materials, eco-tourism function of the value of the value of water conservation features, and maintain soil function value, functional value to clean up the air, waste disposal function maintenance of biodiversity values and conduct an assessment of the value function. In the assessment methods used on the market value of the principal Act, the shadow price method, the shadow project method, the opportunity cost method, cost method reforestation, carbon tax, industrial oxygen method, the cost to restore law and so on, have also taken into account, such as people Heights Research results.
The results show that: (1) Overall, 1997-2007 Hollinger County Land value of ecosystem services has a direct trend on a yearly basis, the value of indirect services displayed "after minus before by" trends. Between 1997-2003 indirect ecological value of land on a yearly basis, by 2003 the value of indirect services $668249.19×104 Maximum of 2003-2007 years, the land of ecological value indirectly gradually decline, falling to four years for land use value of ecosystem services reduced indirect $7044.36×104.(2) 1997-2007 years Hollinger county land-use value of ecosystem services in the purification of air and water conservation value of the services the most, followed by the value of waste disposal services and the maintenance of biological diversity, food production and the value of raw materials is growing quickly.(3) Analysis of changes in land-use types and land-use value of ecosystem services to changes in the indirect relationship between, we can see that the changes in land-use types are affected indirectly, a major factor in the value of Service, 1997-2007 Hollinger County Land Use Department adjustment period, the ecosystem service value of indirect land use change and have a good degree of agreement.(4) and Hollinger County land in 1997 the value of ecosystem services for the GDP of 16.42 times the multiple of year-on-year decrease to 0.72 times in 2007. Overall, the study period and Hollinger County's economic development and ecosystem services has a negative correlation between. Hollinger the same period in contrast to the ecological value of the county and economic development can be seen that the growth rate of the value of ecosystem services lagged far behind economic growth, even at the expense of some time the cost of the ecological environment to seek economic development. The article recommends that we should pay attention to the ecological environment construction for harmony economic, social and ecological in the pursuit of economic growth
本研究估算了和林格尔县1997—2007年的土地利用生态系统服务功能价值。在研究中结合和林格尔县的实际情况,建立了一套适合和林格尔县的土地生态系统服务功能价值评估体系,分别对农田、林地、草地、水域和居民点及工矿用地5种用地类型的食物生产及原材料功能价值、生态旅游功能价值、涵养水源功能价值、保持土壤功能价值、净化空气功能价值、废物处理功能价值和维持生物多样性功能价值进行了评估。在评估方法上主要采用了市场价值法、影子价格法、影子工程法、机会成本法、造林成本法、碳税法、工业制氧法、恢复费用法等方法,并且参考了谢高地等人的研究成果。
研究结果表明:(1)总体来看,和林格尔县1997-2007年土地生态系统直接服务价值呈现逐年递增趋势,间接服务价值却呈现出“先增后减”的变化趋势。1997-2003年间土地生态间接服务价值逐年递增,到2003年间接服务价值达到最大值668249.19×10~4元,2003—2007年间土地生态间接服务价值逐年递减,四年间土地利用生态系统间接服务价值减少了7044.36×10~4元。(2) 1997-2007年间和林格尔县土地利用生态系统间接服务价值中净化空气和涵养水源的服务价值最大,其次为废弃物处理服务价值和维持生物多样性服务价值。而直接服务价值的食物生产及原材料价值增长最快。(3)分析土地利用类型变化与土地利用生态间接服务价值变化之间的关系可知,土地利用类型的变化是影响间接服务价值的主要因素,1997-2007年间和林格尔县土地利用处在调整时期,土地生态系统间接服务价值的变化与土地利用动态度有较好的吻合性。(4)和林格尔县1997年土地生态系统服务价值为GDP的16.42倍,该倍数逐年降低,到了2007年为0.72倍。从总体上看,研究期内和林格尔县的经济发展与土地生态系统服务功能之间呈现负相关。对比和林格尔县同期生态价值和经济发展可以看出,土地生态服务价值的增长率远远落后于经济的增长率,甚至在某些时期是以牺牲生态环境为代价来谋求经济的发展。因此,建议和林格尔县今后在追求经济增长的同时也要注重生态环境的建设,使经济、社会和生态和谐发展。
Semi-arid regions’fragile eco-environment, changeing in land-use types for the maintenance of ecosystem services will play a decisive role, researching the type of land use changing under the change of ecosystem services is important With the development of the western region of the land use structure of the required significant land-use value of ecosystem services, improving people's awareness of ecological protection, and further optimizing the structure and layout of land use. County land-use practice of the strong results of the implementation of the policy reflected in the most direct, the value of its ecosystem services, contribute to the recent observation of land use structure and layout is reasonable. Huhhot Hollinger as the suburban counties as well as building national ecological demonstration counties, one of the last decade the larger land-use change, resulting changes in the regional ecological environment is also very remarkable. Therefore, the land value of ecosystem services Change Hollinger County for the maintenance of ecological balance of land, improve land use efficiency, promote economic and environmental development of great significance.
This study estimated the 1997-2007 Hollinger County land use in the value of ecosystem services. Combination in the study and the actual situation of Hollinger County, set up a set of suitable land Hollinger County the value of ecosystem services assessment system, Separately on the farmland, woodland, grassland, water and land for settlements and industrial land use types of five kinds of food production and function of the value of raw materials, eco-tourism function of the value of the value of water conservation features, and maintain soil function value, functional value to clean up the air, waste disposal function maintenance of biodiversity values and conduct an assessment of the value function. In the assessment methods used on the market value of the principal Act, the shadow price method, the shadow project method, the opportunity cost method, cost method reforestation, carbon tax, industrial oxygen method, the cost to restore law and so on, have also taken into account, such as people Heights Research results.
The results show that: (1) Overall, 1997-2007 Hollinger County Land value of ecosystem services has a direct trend on a yearly basis, the value of indirect services displayed "after minus before by" trends. Between 1997-2003 indirect ecological value of land on a yearly basis, by 2003 the value of indirect services $668249.19×104 Maximum of 2003-2007 years, the land of ecological value indirectly gradually decline, falling to four years for land use value of ecosystem services reduced indirect $7044.36×104.(2) 1997-2007 years Hollinger county land-use value of ecosystem services in the purification of air and water conservation value of the services the most, followed by the value of waste disposal services and the maintenance of biological diversity, food production and the value of raw materials is growing quickly.(3) Analysis of changes in land-use types and land-use value of ecosystem services to changes in the indirect relationship between, we can see that the changes in land-use types are affected indirectly, a major factor in the value of Service, 1997-2007 Hollinger County Land Use Department adjustment period, the ecosystem service value of indirect land use change and have a good degree of agreement.(4) and Hollinger County land in 1997 the value of ecosystem services for the GDP of 16.42 times the multiple of year-on-year decrease to 0.72 times in 2007. Overall, the study period and Hollinger County's economic development and ecosystem services has a negative correlation between. Hollinger the same period in contrast to the ecological value of the county and economic development can be seen that the growth rate of the value of ecosystem services lagged far behind economic growth, even at the expense of some time the cost of the ecological environment to seek economic development. The article recommends that we should pay attention to the ecological environment construction for harmony economic, social and ecological in the pursuit of economic growth
引文
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