X13CrMnMoN18-14-3高氮奥氏体不锈钢的力学行为及尺寸效应研究
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摘要
X13CrMnMoN18-14-3 (1.4452)作为一种新型的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢,因其具有高强、高韧等优异的力学性能,具有广泛的应用前景,尤其是在医疗器械上的应用。且随着微成形技术的发展,这种不锈钢在微机电系统中亦将有一番作为。但是,当材料的尺寸减小到一定程度时,材料的机械性能、破坏行为等方面会表现出明显的尺寸效应。因此对微尺度高氮钢的力学性能和尺寸效应进行系统研究具有十分重要的理论意义和重大的应用价值。
室温下通过材料的单轴拉伸试验,获得了100μm高氮奥氏体不锈钢的基本力学性能参数,通过循环载荷试验考察了材料的棘轮行为特性和疲劳特性。对比发现材料具有明显的强度和疲劳尺寸效应,随材料的尺寸减小材料的强度得到提高、疲劳寿命延长。根据目前尺寸效应理论模型对高氮奥氏体不锈钢的尺寸效应进行了描述,改进了Weibull缺陷统计理论模型,对冷变形高氮奥氏体高氮钢进行了强度尺寸效应模拟;采用分形理论方法对退火高氮奥氏体不锈钢的疲劳尺寸效应进行了解析。从而预测特定尺寸高氮奥氏体不锈钢试样的强度和疲劳尺寸效应。
本文还对高氮奥氏体不锈钢进行了冷变形研究,发现材料具有很强的冷变形硬化能力,从微观角度并结合材料自身的高氮特性分析了材料的硬化机理。
X13CrMnMoN18-14-3 (1.4452) is a new type of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel without nickel element. As its high strength, high toughness and such excellent mechanical properties, it has wide application prospect, especially in the field of medical device applications. With the development of micro-fabrication technology, high-nitrogen stainless steel can be applied to micro-electro- mechanical system. However, there is an obvious size effect, that is to say, when the size decreases to a certain extent, the mechanical properties of materials will manifest a clear size effect, maybe increase or decrease. Therefore, a systematic investigation on the mechanical properties of microscale high-nitrogen and the size effect is needed for great theoretical significance and plays a very critical role in application value.
Uniaxial tensile test was performed on 100μm high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel at room temperature to obtain the basic parameters of mechanical properties through the test and examine the ratcheting properties and fatigue behavior through uniaxial cyclic test. By contrast, a clear size effect on strength and fatigue was found. The smaller the size is, the higher the strength and the longer the fatigue life. According to the current theoretical model, the size effect of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was described. Weibull defects statistical theory model was improved to simulate size effect on strength of cold-deformed high-nitrogen austenitic steel. The fractal theory was employed to analyze the size effect on fatigue of annealing high-nitrogen austenitic steel, so as to predict the strength and fatigue life for specific size of specimens.
This thesis has carried out the studies on cold deformation of high-nitrogen austenitic steel. It was found that the material performed a strong ability of cold deformation hardening. In addition, the hardening mechanism from the perspective of microstructure combined with the high-nitrogen characteristics was analyzed.
室温下通过材料的单轴拉伸试验,获得了100μm高氮奥氏体不锈钢的基本力学性能参数,通过循环载荷试验考察了材料的棘轮行为特性和疲劳特性。对比发现材料具有明显的强度和疲劳尺寸效应,随材料的尺寸减小材料的强度得到提高、疲劳寿命延长。根据目前尺寸效应理论模型对高氮奥氏体不锈钢的尺寸效应进行了描述,改进了Weibull缺陷统计理论模型,对冷变形高氮奥氏体高氮钢进行了强度尺寸效应模拟;采用分形理论方法对退火高氮奥氏体不锈钢的疲劳尺寸效应进行了解析。从而预测特定尺寸高氮奥氏体不锈钢试样的强度和疲劳尺寸效应。
本文还对高氮奥氏体不锈钢进行了冷变形研究,发现材料具有很强的冷变形硬化能力,从微观角度并结合材料自身的高氮特性分析了材料的硬化机理。
X13CrMnMoN18-14-3 (1.4452) is a new type of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel without nickel element. As its high strength, high toughness and such excellent mechanical properties, it has wide application prospect, especially in the field of medical device applications. With the development of micro-fabrication technology, high-nitrogen stainless steel can be applied to micro-electro- mechanical system. However, there is an obvious size effect, that is to say, when the size decreases to a certain extent, the mechanical properties of materials will manifest a clear size effect, maybe increase or decrease. Therefore, a systematic investigation on the mechanical properties of microscale high-nitrogen and the size effect is needed for great theoretical significance and plays a very critical role in application value.
Uniaxial tensile test was performed on 100μm high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel at room temperature to obtain the basic parameters of mechanical properties through the test and examine the ratcheting properties and fatigue behavior through uniaxial cyclic test. By contrast, a clear size effect on strength and fatigue was found. The smaller the size is, the higher the strength and the longer the fatigue life. According to the current theoretical model, the size effect of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was described. Weibull defects statistical theory model was improved to simulate size effect on strength of cold-deformed high-nitrogen austenitic steel. The fractal theory was employed to analyze the size effect on fatigue of annealing high-nitrogen austenitic steel, so as to predict the strength and fatigue life for specific size of specimens.
This thesis has carried out the studies on cold deformation of high-nitrogen austenitic steel. It was found that the material performed a strong ability of cold deformation hardening. In addition, the hardening mechanism from the perspective of microstructure combined with the high-nitrogen characteristics was analyzed.
引文
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[17] Mizuno M., Mima Y., Abdel-Kairm M., Ohno N., Uniaxial ratcheting of 316FR steel at room temperature, I: Experiments. ASME J Eng Mate Tech, 2000, 122: 29
[18] Chaboche J.L., On some modification of kinematic hardening to improve the description of ratcheting effects, International Journal of Plasticity, 1991,7: 661~678
[19] Chaboche J.L., Modeling of ratcheting: evaluation of various approaches, European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids, 1994, 13: 501~518
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