全球价值链下的中国南珠产业集群企业网络能力研究
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摘要
网络能力是一种动态的群体能力,将成为21世纪企业生存和发展的主要能力。目前对网络能力的研究还是一种基础性研究,实证研究主要从网络能力与创业企业、高新技术企业绩效的关系角度展开,对传统产业中的集群企业网络能力与竞争力影响机理的研究还少有。本文的研究目的是将网络能力理论应用于传统产业,结合不同产业背景来研究企业的网络能力、政府介入和全球价值链治理对传统产业集群企业竞争力的微观影响机理,从网络能力角度揭示传统产业集群企业竞争力低下,全球价值链地位较低的原因,研究相应对策以提高集群企业全球价值链地位。
本文通过分析中国南珠产业集群企业现状及其全球价值链地位,确定了目前中国南珠产业集群企业存在的问题是网络能力弱、竞争力低下。为了深入揭示网络能力与竞争力的影响机理,本文以网络能力理论为研究基础,构建了网络能力的理论模型,设置了“网络能力-资源获取-竞争力”和“网络嵌入-网络能力-竞争力”两个分析框架,以政府介入、全球价值链治理为调节变量,研究网络能力对竞争力的影响机理,提出了相关研究假设。利用中国南珠产业集群企业实地调研的数据使用层级回归方法对集群企业网络能力进行数据分析和模型检验,并得出了相关结论,主要结论是：
(1)网络能力与企业嵌入的产业背景有关,传统产业集群中网络嵌入的关系持久度维度对企业网络能力起负向作用。
(2)传统产业集群企业与新创企业和高新技术企业一样,企业网络能力正向影响企业竞争力。
(3)传统产业集群企业中,网络能力是网络嵌入和竞争力的中介变量,政府介入和全球价值链治理是有中介的调节变量,通过资源获取对网络能力和竞争力起到调节作用,但政府介入在网络能力和资源获取之间不起调节作用,全球价值链治理在网络嵌入和网络能力之间也不起调节作用。
然后根据实证结论进一步分析了集群企业网络能力与竞争力、全球价值链治理的影响机理,提出了中国南珠产业集群企业全球价值链升级的模式选择和升级时间表；构建了促进中国南珠产业集群企业网络能力提升与产业发展的网络保障机制,其中区域整体品牌培育和政府介入是网络保障机制中提升集群企业网络能力和全球价值链地位的主要途径。本文还通过结构方程和层次分析法析取了中国南珠产业产品品牌和区域整体品牌的个性维度,以期为政府和企业培育品牌发展中国南珠产业提供理论依据和操作标准。
本文的创新性体现在将企业网络嵌入、网络能力、竞争力置于一个分析框架,以政府介入、全球价值链治理为调节变量,以传统产业集群企业——中国南珠产业集群企业为研究对象,揭示网络能力与网络嵌入、竞争力、政府介入及全球价值链治理之间的影响机理,从而有力的补充了网络能力理论。
The network-competence is a dynamic group-ability of an enterprise in the21st century. At present, the research about network competence is a basic research, focus on the relation between the network competence and a new enterprise or high technology enterprise's performance. The empirical research is seldom about the influence mechanism between the network competence and competitiveness of the tradition industry cluster enterprises that are declining and are lock-in the low grade of the global value chains (GVC). This paper will research the influence mechanism between the tradition industry cluster enterprises'network competence and network embedded character and competitiveness, and then to open out the influence mechanism that the government intervention and the global value chains governess influenced on them by taking the tradition industry cluster enterprises of the China South-Pearls industry as example to empirical analyze it. From the network competence point of view, it would open out the reason why the tradition industry cluster as the China South-Pearls industry are declining and are lock-in the low competitive-ness and low grade of the global value chains (GVC) in order to develop it and so on.
The paper has analyzed the present situation of the South-Pearls in-dustry cluster and the enterprises'development. It carding the concrete questions are low network-competence and low competitiveness within the South-Pearls industry cluster.On the basis of the network competence theory,it constructed a theory model to research the influence mechanism between the network competence and competitiveness by using the gov-ernment intervention and the global value chains governess as adjust va-riable and it set up two analysis framework as "network compe-tence-resource obtaining-competitiveness" and"network embedded cha-racter-network competenc-the competitiveness", and then it put forward some research hypothesis. With the field research data of the South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises and using the gradation flyback ways, it has demonstrated the theory model of the enterprise's network competence. The main results are as follows:
(1) The enterprises'network competence is different with the differ-ent industries background, the lasting relation of the network embedded character negative influence the network competence in the tradition in-dustry cluster enterprises.
(2) The network competence positive influence the competitiveness in the tradition industry cluster enterprises as well as the new enterprises and the high technology enterprises.
(3) In the tradition industry cluster enterprises, the network compe-tence is a medium variable between the network embedded character and the competitiveness, the government intervention and the global value chains governess will influence on the network competence and the competitiveness by taking resource-obtaining as a medium variable. But the government intervention has not adjusting influence between the network competence and resource-obtaining as well as the global value chains governess has not adjusting influence between network embedded character and the network competence.
And then it further analyzed the influenced mechanism about the network competence and the competitiveness and the global value chains governess according to the research results, and it offered the concrete pathways and upgrade time-table of the GVC upgrading for the South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises.It has constructed the net-work-safeguard-mechanism to enhance the South-Pearls industry clusters enterprises'network competence and the GVC upgrading,of which, the government intervention and the whole district brand cultivation are the main ways.The paper constructed the South-Pearls product brand perso-nality dimensions and the South-Pearls industry whole district brand per-sonality dimensions through structure equation and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) in order to offer theory accordance and operational ap-proaches for the enterprises and the governments to cultivate the brand to develop the industry.
This paper had made some innovation as follows:First, the paper organized the network competence and network embedded character and the competitiveness as variable to research within a analysis framework, taking the China South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises'as object of research to demonstrate the theory model. Second, the paper analyzed the influence mechanism about the network competence and network em-bedded character and the competitiveness taking the government inter-vention and the global value chains governess as adjusting variable and reinforced the network competence theories.Last, it constructed a net-work-safeguard-mechanism to develop the China South-Pearls industry.
本文通过分析中国南珠产业集群企业现状及其全球价值链地位,确定了目前中国南珠产业集群企业存在的问题是网络能力弱、竞争力低下。为了深入揭示网络能力与竞争力的影响机理,本文以网络能力理论为研究基础,构建了网络能力的理论模型,设置了“网络能力-资源获取-竞争力”和“网络嵌入-网络能力-竞争力”两个分析框架,以政府介入、全球价值链治理为调节变量,研究网络能力对竞争力的影响机理,提出了相关研究假设。利用中国南珠产业集群企业实地调研的数据使用层级回归方法对集群企业网络能力进行数据分析和模型检验,并得出了相关结论,主要结论是：
(1)网络能力与企业嵌入的产业背景有关,传统产业集群中网络嵌入的关系持久度维度对企业网络能力起负向作用。
(2)传统产业集群企业与新创企业和高新技术企业一样,企业网络能力正向影响企业竞争力。
(3)传统产业集群企业中,网络能力是网络嵌入和竞争力的中介变量,政府介入和全球价值链治理是有中介的调节变量,通过资源获取对网络能力和竞争力起到调节作用,但政府介入在网络能力和资源获取之间不起调节作用,全球价值链治理在网络嵌入和网络能力之间也不起调节作用。
然后根据实证结论进一步分析了集群企业网络能力与竞争力、全球价值链治理的影响机理,提出了中国南珠产业集群企业全球价值链升级的模式选择和升级时间表；构建了促进中国南珠产业集群企业网络能力提升与产业发展的网络保障机制,其中区域整体品牌培育和政府介入是网络保障机制中提升集群企业网络能力和全球价值链地位的主要途径。本文还通过结构方程和层次分析法析取了中国南珠产业产品品牌和区域整体品牌的个性维度,以期为政府和企业培育品牌发展中国南珠产业提供理论依据和操作标准。
本文的创新性体现在将企业网络嵌入、网络能力、竞争力置于一个分析框架,以政府介入、全球价值链治理为调节变量,以传统产业集群企业——中国南珠产业集群企业为研究对象,揭示网络能力与网络嵌入、竞争力、政府介入及全球价值链治理之间的影响机理,从而有力的补充了网络能力理论。
The network-competence is a dynamic group-ability of an enterprise in the21st century. At present, the research about network competence is a basic research, focus on the relation between the network competence and a new enterprise or high technology enterprise's performance. The empirical research is seldom about the influence mechanism between the network competence and competitiveness of the tradition industry cluster enterprises that are declining and are lock-in the low grade of the global value chains (GVC). This paper will research the influence mechanism between the tradition industry cluster enterprises'network competence and network embedded character and competitiveness, and then to open out the influence mechanism that the government intervention and the global value chains governess influenced on them by taking the tradition industry cluster enterprises of the China South-Pearls industry as example to empirical analyze it. From the network competence point of view, it would open out the reason why the tradition industry cluster as the China South-Pearls industry are declining and are lock-in the low competitive-ness and low grade of the global value chains (GVC) in order to develop it and so on.
The paper has analyzed the present situation of the South-Pearls in-dustry cluster and the enterprises'development. It carding the concrete questions are low network-competence and low competitiveness within the South-Pearls industry cluster.On the basis of the network competence theory,it constructed a theory model to research the influence mechanism between the network competence and competitiveness by using the gov-ernment intervention and the global value chains governess as adjust va-riable and it set up two analysis framework as "network compe-tence-resource obtaining-competitiveness" and"network embedded cha-racter-network competenc-the competitiveness", and then it put forward some research hypothesis. With the field research data of the South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises and using the gradation flyback ways, it has demonstrated the theory model of the enterprise's network competence. The main results are as follows:
(1) The enterprises'network competence is different with the differ-ent industries background, the lasting relation of the network embedded character negative influence the network competence in the tradition in-dustry cluster enterprises.
(2) The network competence positive influence the competitiveness in the tradition industry cluster enterprises as well as the new enterprises and the high technology enterprises.
(3) In the tradition industry cluster enterprises, the network compe-tence is a medium variable between the network embedded character and the competitiveness, the government intervention and the global value chains governess will influence on the network competence and the competitiveness by taking resource-obtaining as a medium variable. But the government intervention has not adjusting influence between the network competence and resource-obtaining as well as the global value chains governess has not adjusting influence between network embedded character and the network competence.
And then it further analyzed the influenced mechanism about the network competence and the competitiveness and the global value chains governess according to the research results, and it offered the concrete pathways and upgrade time-table of the GVC upgrading for the South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises.It has constructed the net-work-safeguard-mechanism to enhance the South-Pearls industry clusters enterprises'network competence and the GVC upgrading,of which, the government intervention and the whole district brand cultivation are the main ways.The paper constructed the South-Pearls product brand perso-nality dimensions and the South-Pearls industry whole district brand per-sonality dimensions through structure equation and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) in order to offer theory accordance and operational ap-proaches for the enterprises and the governments to cultivate the brand to develop the industry.
This paper had made some innovation as follows:First, the paper organized the network competence and network embedded character and the competitiveness as variable to research within a analysis framework, taking the China South-Pearls industry cluster enterprises'as object of research to demonstrate the theory model. Second, the paper analyzed the influence mechanism about the network competence and network em-bedded character and the competitiveness taking the government inter-vention and the global value chains governess as adjusting variable and reinforced the network competence theories.Last, it constructed a net-work-safeguard-mechanism to develop the China South-Pearls industry.
引文
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