中国北方设施蔬菜病害调查及其新病害的发现与研究
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摘要
本研究通过对我国北方设施蔬菜主要病害的调查,明确了96种蔬菜病害的致病病原菌;发现新病害9种,其中真菌新寄主病害3种,我国真菌新记录种引起的病害1种,国内真菌新寄主病害5种;发现传统病害新症状5种;并对新病害的致病病原菌进行了研究。
1.通过对病害典型症状的描述,病原菌的形态学特征,培养性状特征及分子生物学ITS序列测定等对新病害的致病病原菌进行了研究与鉴定。
发现真菌寄主新记录病害3种:露湿漆斑菌(Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.)引起的菜豆漆腐病、茄子漆腐病,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的茴香立枯病。
我国真菌新记录种引起的病害1种:番杏尾孢[Cercospora tetragoniae (Speg.) Siemaszko]引起的番杏尾孢叶斑病。
国内真菌寄主新记录病害5种:露湿漆斑菌(Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.)引起的番茄漆腐病,辣椒炭疽菌[Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butl.]引起的南瓜炭疽病,煤污假尾孢(Pseudocercospora fuligena Roldan)引起的番茄煤污病,多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt. ) Wei]引起的苦瓜褐斑病,匍枝根霉[Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.ex Fr.) Lind]引起的甜椒果实软腐病。
2.在调查过程中,发现了5种传统病害出现的新症状,并对其为害症状和分离得到的病原菌进行了详细的描述。
发现的新症状有:瓜类蔓枯病(西瓜壳二孢-Ascochyta citrullina Smith)的生长点及果实为害症状;黄瓜褐斑病[多主棒孢霉-Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt. ) Wei]出现的角状斑症状;茄子黑枯病(茄棒孢菌-Corynespora melongnae Takimot)发生的茎部腐烂症状;黄瓜霜霉病[古巴假霜霉菌-Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. Et Curt.) Rostov.]引起的水渍状病斑;辣椒灰霉病(灰葡萄孢-Botrytis cinerea Pers.)引起的鸟眼斑症状。
3.通过对我国北方设施蔬菜主要病害的调查,明确了96种蔬菜病害的致病病原菌,对一些易混淆的病原不明确的病害重新进行了鉴定,并对其为害部位、病原菌种属分类和为害的严重程度进行了总结归纳。
本研究主要采用传统方法和分子生物学手段相结合的方法,对设施蔬菜出现的新病害的病原菌进行了综合的研究与鉴定,对病害的准确诊断与综合防治,具有重要的意义。
96 vegetable diseases were recorded through investigation of the vegetables cultivated in greenhouse of North China, and the pathogen was determined. In this study, Nine new diseases were founded, including three new record species of fungi, one new record species of fungi of China, five new record species of host of China and five new occuring symptoms of the traditional diseases.
1. The new pathogen were determined by analysis of its symptoms, morphology, culture characters, pathogenicity test and the sequence of ribosoma1 DNA-ITS.
Nine kinds of new diseases were studied, including one New Record Species of Fungi of China: [Cercospora tetragoniae (Speg.) Siemaszko]; three New record species of host: Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum melongena (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.), Foeniculum valgare (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn; five new record species host of China: Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.), Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poiret [Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.)Butl.], Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (Pseudocercospora fuligena Roldan), Momordica charantia [Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.&Curt. ) Wei], Capsicum frutescens L.var.grussum Bailey [Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.ex Fr.) Lind].
2. Five new occuring symptoms were founded and related pathgen were described.
Gummy Stem Blight on Cucurbits(The rot on growing point and fruits ), Target Leaf Spot on Cucumber (large-scale Lesion), Corynespora Leaf Blight on eggplant (lesion on stem), Downy Mildew on Cucumber (water-inked spots), Grey mold on Pepper (Ghost spots).
3. Though investigating of the vegetables cultivated in greenhouse, 96 diseases were determined and the related infected region, pathgen and damage degree were also recorded, expecially some pathgen that are easy to be confused.
The study mainly depended on the traditional method conjugated with molecular biology method to identify the new-pathogens, which were demonstrated to be effective and has important value on identify the pathogen and the prevention of the diseases.
1.通过对病害典型症状的描述,病原菌的形态学特征,培养性状特征及分子生物学ITS序列测定等对新病害的致病病原菌进行了研究与鉴定。
发现真菌寄主新记录病害3种:露湿漆斑菌(Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.)引起的菜豆漆腐病、茄子漆腐病,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的茴香立枯病。
我国真菌新记录种引起的病害1种:番杏尾孢[Cercospora tetragoniae (Speg.) Siemaszko]引起的番杏尾孢叶斑病。
国内真菌寄主新记录病害5种:露湿漆斑菌(Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.)引起的番茄漆腐病,辣椒炭疽菌[Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butl.]引起的南瓜炭疽病,煤污假尾孢(Pseudocercospora fuligena Roldan)引起的番茄煤污病,多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt. ) Wei]引起的苦瓜褐斑病,匍枝根霉[Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.ex Fr.) Lind]引起的甜椒果实软腐病。
2.在调查过程中,发现了5种传统病害出现的新症状,并对其为害症状和分离得到的病原菌进行了详细的描述。
发现的新症状有:瓜类蔓枯病(西瓜壳二孢-Ascochyta citrullina Smith)的生长点及果实为害症状;黄瓜褐斑病[多主棒孢霉-Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt. ) Wei]出现的角状斑症状;茄子黑枯病(茄棒孢菌-Corynespora melongnae Takimot)发生的茎部腐烂症状;黄瓜霜霉病[古巴假霜霉菌-Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. Et Curt.) Rostov.]引起的水渍状病斑;辣椒灰霉病(灰葡萄孢-Botrytis cinerea Pers.)引起的鸟眼斑症状。
3.通过对我国北方设施蔬菜主要病害的调查,明确了96种蔬菜病害的致病病原菌,对一些易混淆的病原不明确的病害重新进行了鉴定,并对其为害部位、病原菌种属分类和为害的严重程度进行了总结归纳。
本研究主要采用传统方法和分子生物学手段相结合的方法,对设施蔬菜出现的新病害的病原菌进行了综合的研究与鉴定,对病害的准确诊断与综合防治,具有重要的意义。
96 vegetable diseases were recorded through investigation of the vegetables cultivated in greenhouse of North China, and the pathogen was determined. In this study, Nine new diseases were founded, including three new record species of fungi, one new record species of fungi of China, five new record species of host of China and five new occuring symptoms of the traditional diseases.
1. The new pathogen were determined by analysis of its symptoms, morphology, culture characters, pathogenicity test and the sequence of ribosoma1 DNA-ITS.
Nine kinds of new diseases were studied, including one New Record Species of Fungi of China: [Cercospora tetragoniae (Speg.) Siemaszko]; three New record species of host: Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum melongena (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.), Foeniculum valgare (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn; five new record species host of China: Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.), Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poiret [Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.)Butl.], Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (Pseudocercospora fuligena Roldan), Momordica charantia [Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.&Curt. ) Wei], Capsicum frutescens L.var.grussum Bailey [Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.ex Fr.) Lind].
2. Five new occuring symptoms were founded and related pathgen were described.
Gummy Stem Blight on Cucurbits(The rot on growing point and fruits ), Target Leaf Spot on Cucumber (large-scale Lesion), Corynespora Leaf Blight on eggplant (lesion on stem), Downy Mildew on Cucumber (water-inked spots), Grey mold on Pepper (Ghost spots).
3. Though investigating of the vegetables cultivated in greenhouse, 96 diseases were determined and the related infected region, pathgen and damage degree were also recorded, expecially some pathgen that are easy to be confused.
The study mainly depended on the traditional method conjugated with molecular biology method to identify the new-pathogens, which were demonstrated to be effective and has important value on identify the pathogen and the prevention of the diseases.
引文
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