江西省干旱及其对粮食生产的影响遥感研究
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摘要
江西干旱监测通常利用地面观测点降水量、土壤表层含水量、土壤墒情和其他气象资料间接判断旱情,以点监测说明整个区域干旱情况,难于满足大范围干旱监测需求。本论文采用水分亏缺指数(Water Deficit Index,WDI)建立干旱监测的遥感信息模型,实现江西干旱监测,并分析江西干旱对粮食生产影响。
水分亏缺指数WDI是作物水分胁迫指数(Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI)的应用条件扩展到不同植被覆盖条件下。在假设陆地表面温度是冠层温度与土壤表面温度线性加权及土壤与植被冠层之间不存在感热交换的条件下,WDI利用可见光和近红外遥感获得的光谱植被指数和热红外遥感获取的陆地表面温度信息估算田间相对水分状况。
本文采用TERRA/MODIS增强植被指数EVI和陆地表面温度LST产品获取2002～2004年间每8天的WDI,同时利用气象站点降水资料、土壤表层含水量评价WDI监测江西干旱的可行性。通过利用WDI对江西省旱情划分等级,获取全省旱情等级分布图,统计不同旱情等级地区的干旱比例。在此基础上,研究2002～2004年间江西省干旱时空分布和成灾程度。通过WDI、降水资料与粮食作物播种面积和产量的相关分析,评价干旱对粮食生产的影响。论文得到以下主要结论:
(1)通过降水量距平法、受旱面积比率法评价江西干旱等级,结果表明:全省春季为湿润季节,夏季易发生干旱现象,秋冬季节旱情较少;全省2002年江西无旱情,2003年为重旱,2004年为轻旱。
(2)利用降水资料验证WDI作为干旱监测指标可行性的结果表明:WDI指标在春冬季与降水量的相关性比夏秋季更显著。
(3)通过密度分割方法,将WDI划分为湿润、正常、轻旱、重旱4个等级,生成全省年度和月度旱情遥感监测产品。结果表明:2002～2004年全省境内以秋旱、伏旱为主;干旱分布趋势是山区小于丘陵,丘陵小于盆地、平原。
(4)干旱指标和粮食生产的关系:气象降水原因导致的干旱对江西省粮食生产影响非常显著。江西地区粮食作物的产量、面积变化主要取决于干旱的程度和分布。
Drought observation in Jiangxi province usually makes use of rainfall,relative moisture of soil, and other weather datas to estimate drought indirectly.Observation by point which illustrates drought condition of all the area can't meet the require of drought observation in large scale.So this paper is main to do research on the drought and its influence on the production of grain in Jiangxi province by Remote Sensing.
Water Deficit Index is based on the theory of regional energy balance,which extends further based on CWSI(Crop Water Stress index) theory with strong physical foundation.Under the condition that we hypothesize land surface temperature is linear weighted by temperature and surface temperature of soil and there doesn't exsit sensible heat exchange between soil and vegetation, WDI take advantage of spectrum vegetion index gained from visible light and near infrared and land surface temperature information obtained from thermal infrared to estimate the status of relative moisturein the field.
The paper gets the Water Deficit Index by Enforced Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature,analyse the feasibility of Jiangxi drought with Water Deficit Index by rainfall datas of weather station and soil surface observing moisture.It classifies the Jiangxi drought with different ranks,gains drought ranking distribution curve all over the province and calculates drought areas of different drought ranking region.It studies space-time distribution and disaster degree of Jiangxi drought between 2004 and 2006 from macroscopic perspective.The paper estimates drought influences in grain planting areas and products by analyzing the relativity of Water Deficit Index,rainfall datas and grain planting areas and products.
From this paper we gets the main conclusions that:
(1) We estimate Jiangxi drought ranking by Rainfall Percent and Drought Area Ratio,the result shows that Spring is the wet season all over the province,in the Summer drought is prone to occur and there are few droughts in Autumn and Winter. The drought is very heavy during 2003 and light in 2004.
(2) We validate the Water Deficit Index model by rainfall datas at one time,the outcome indicates that the Water Deficit Index is more sensitive and to suitable for observing and estamating the drought in Jiangxi from winter to spring.
(3) We classify the drought into four rankings:wet,normal,light and heavy,and obtain the drought remote sensing observing charts of every month and every year by density division based on the analysis of Water Deficit Index adaptability. The analysis result demonstrates that in 2002-2004 drought is usually occurred in Summer and Autumn in Jiangxi province and distributes unevenly.
(4) The relativity between drought index and grain planting: drought caused by rainfall takes great influence on grain planting in Jiangxi.The output and saw area of grain in Jiangxi Province is mainly based on the serious degree and distribution of drought.
水分亏缺指数WDI是作物水分胁迫指数(Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI)的应用条件扩展到不同植被覆盖条件下。在假设陆地表面温度是冠层温度与土壤表面温度线性加权及土壤与植被冠层之间不存在感热交换的条件下,WDI利用可见光和近红外遥感获得的光谱植被指数和热红外遥感获取的陆地表面温度信息估算田间相对水分状况。
本文采用TERRA/MODIS增强植被指数EVI和陆地表面温度LST产品获取2002～2004年间每8天的WDI,同时利用气象站点降水资料、土壤表层含水量评价WDI监测江西干旱的可行性。通过利用WDI对江西省旱情划分等级,获取全省旱情等级分布图,统计不同旱情等级地区的干旱比例。在此基础上,研究2002～2004年间江西省干旱时空分布和成灾程度。通过WDI、降水资料与粮食作物播种面积和产量的相关分析,评价干旱对粮食生产的影响。论文得到以下主要结论:
(1)通过降水量距平法、受旱面积比率法评价江西干旱等级,结果表明:全省春季为湿润季节,夏季易发生干旱现象,秋冬季节旱情较少;全省2002年江西无旱情,2003年为重旱,2004年为轻旱。
(2)利用降水资料验证WDI作为干旱监测指标可行性的结果表明:WDI指标在春冬季与降水量的相关性比夏秋季更显著。
(3)通过密度分割方法,将WDI划分为湿润、正常、轻旱、重旱4个等级,生成全省年度和月度旱情遥感监测产品。结果表明:2002～2004年全省境内以秋旱、伏旱为主;干旱分布趋势是山区小于丘陵,丘陵小于盆地、平原。
(4)干旱指标和粮食生产的关系:气象降水原因导致的干旱对江西省粮食生产影响非常显著。江西地区粮食作物的产量、面积变化主要取决于干旱的程度和分布。
Drought observation in Jiangxi province usually makes use of rainfall,relative moisture of soil, and other weather datas to estimate drought indirectly.Observation by point which illustrates drought condition of all the area can't meet the require of drought observation in large scale.So this paper is main to do research on the drought and its influence on the production of grain in Jiangxi province by Remote Sensing.
Water Deficit Index is based on the theory of regional energy balance,which extends further based on CWSI(Crop Water Stress index) theory with strong physical foundation.Under the condition that we hypothesize land surface temperature is linear weighted by temperature and surface temperature of soil and there doesn't exsit sensible heat exchange between soil and vegetation, WDI take advantage of spectrum vegetion index gained from visible light and near infrared and land surface temperature information obtained from thermal infrared to estimate the status of relative moisturein the field.
The paper gets the Water Deficit Index by Enforced Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature,analyse the feasibility of Jiangxi drought with Water Deficit Index by rainfall datas of weather station and soil surface observing moisture.It classifies the Jiangxi drought with different ranks,gains drought ranking distribution curve all over the province and calculates drought areas of different drought ranking region.It studies space-time distribution and disaster degree of Jiangxi drought between 2004 and 2006 from macroscopic perspective.The paper estimates drought influences in grain planting areas and products by analyzing the relativity of Water Deficit Index,rainfall datas and grain planting areas and products.
From this paper we gets the main conclusions that:
(1) We estimate Jiangxi drought ranking by Rainfall Percent and Drought Area Ratio,the result shows that Spring is the wet season all over the province,in the Summer drought is prone to occur and there are few droughts in Autumn and Winter. The drought is very heavy during 2003 and light in 2004.
(2) We validate the Water Deficit Index model by rainfall datas at one time,the outcome indicates that the Water Deficit Index is more sensitive and to suitable for observing and estamating the drought in Jiangxi from winter to spring.
(3) We classify the drought into four rankings:wet,normal,light and heavy,and obtain the drought remote sensing observing charts of every month and every year by density division based on the analysis of Water Deficit Index adaptability. The analysis result demonstrates that in 2002-2004 drought is usually occurred in Summer and Autumn in Jiangxi province and distributes unevenly.
(4) The relativity between drought index and grain planting: drought caused by rainfall takes great influence on grain planting in Jiangxi.The output and saw area of grain in Jiangxi Province is mainly based on the serious degree and distribution of drought.
引文
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[4]江西省减轻自然灾害白皮书[N].江西省减灾委员会办公室.南昌.2003-2005年
[5]王保生,卢冬梅,刘文英,杜筱玲.江西水稻产量波动的成因分析及对策[J].2006
[6]Watson K,Pohn H A.Thermal inertia Mapping from Satellites Discrimination of Geologic Unins in Oman.J Res Geol Surving,1974,2(2):147-158
[7]Price JC.On the analysis of thermal infrared imagey:Thelimited utility of apparent thermal inertia.Remote Sensing of Environment,1985,(18):59-73
[8]田国良,杨希华等.冬小麦旱情遥感监测模型研究[J].环境遥感,1992,7(2):83-89
[9]肖乾广,陈维英,盛永伟等.用气象卫星监测土壤水分的实验研究[J].应用气象学报,1994,5(3):312-318
[10]余涛,田国良.热惯量法在监测土壤表层水分中的研究[J].遥感学报,1997,1(1):24-31
[11]Carlson T N,Gillies R R,Perry E M,A method to make use of thermal infrared temperature and NDVI management to infer surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover.Remote Sensing Review,1994,9:161-173
[12]夏虹,武建军,刘雅妮,范锦龙.中国用遥感方法进行干旱监测的研究进展[J].遥感信息,2005:55-58
[13]Idso S B,Clawson K L,Anderson M G.Foliage temperature:effects of environmental factors with implication for plant water stress assessment and CO_2 effects of climate.Water Resource Reserch,1986,22:1702-1716
[14]Jackson R D,Idso D B,Regionato R J,et al.Canopytemperature as a crop water stress indicator.Water Resour.,1981,17:1133-1138
[15]申广荣,田国良.基于GIS的黄淮海平原旱灾遥感监测研究--作物缺水指数模型的实现[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):224-228
[16]辛晓洲.用定量遥感方法计算地表蒸散[D]:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所.2007
[17]闫峰,覃志豪,李茂松,王艳娇.农业旱灾监测中土壤水分遥感反演研究进展[J].自然灾害学报.2006,15(6):114-121
[18]隋洪智,田国良,李付琴.农田蒸散双层模型及其在干旱遥感监测中的应用[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3):220-224
[19]Moran M S,Clarke T R,Inoue Y,et al.Estimating crop water deficit using the relation between surface-air temperature and spectral vegetation index.Remote Sens.Environ.,1994,49:246-263
[20]齐述华,张源沛,牛铮,王长耀,郑林.水分亏缺指数在全国干旱遥感监测中的应用研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(3):367-372
[21]McVicar T R,Jupp D L B,Yang X,et al.Linking regional water balance models with remote sensing[A].In:Proceedings of the 13th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing.Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia:1992
[22]Kogon F N.Remote Sensing of Water Impacts on Vegetation in Nonhomogeneous Area.Int.J.of Remote Sensing.1990,11:1405-1420
[23]Kogon F N.Drought of the Late 1980s in the United States AS Derived from NOAA Polar-orbiting Satellite Data.Bull Am Meteor.Soc..1995,?6:655-668
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