配电网可靠性评估及开关优化配置研究
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摘要
本文受国家自然科学基金项目“配电网最优切换免疫模型和算法研究”(5030 7015)等相关课题资助。
配电网是电力系统中直接针对用户的环节,对用户供电质量(包括可靠性)有直接的影响。据统计,约80%的停电事故缘于配电系统故障,因此,配电网可靠性评估及结构优化已成为研究的热点。
本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)实现了中压配电网模糊可靠性评估。可靠性评估中,线路和变压器的故障率及故障排除时间等基础参数对可靠性评估结果有较大影响,而这些基础参数具有明显的不确定性,适合用模糊数来表达。本文分析了论域在模糊数运算中的变化及求解方法,提出不同论域间模糊数的四则运算算法,进而实现了基于模糊参数的中压配电网可靠性评估,其评估结果具有更大的可信度。
(2)基于故障扩散法,提出中压配电网可靠性评估的迭代算法。故障扩散算法中存在大量冗余搜索,降低了计算速度,本文进行以下改进:①提出形成开关分层表的算法。故障枚举前,预先形成关于断路器和隔离开关的开关分层表,当前开关所关联的后向负荷等信息可由其下层开关的相关信息参与形成,从而节省了后向搜索时间;②通过判断故障处及其前向线路的开关安装情况,形成不同的故障模式,并给出不同故障模式下负荷分类的迭代算法,不仅避免了前向搜索开关,而且能充分利用已知的故障后果信息和开关分层表信息,提高了计算速度。从理论上说明了,迭代算法的时间复杂度为一阶,故障扩散法的时间复杂度为二阶。
(3)提出配电网开关优化配置的改进遗传算法。为提高遗传算法的计算速度和收敛效率,采取以下改进措施:①给出初始种群的生成模型,提高初始种群的适应值;②对染色体进行分段遗传操作,以保证各类开关设备能同步优化;③提出模糊变异的实现方法,以利于优质基因遗传并避免局部最优化;④提出最优染色体的变异机制,以提高算法局部搜索能力。
This dissertation is sponsored by the project (“Study on Optimal Switching Model and Algorithm for Electrical Distribution Networks (EDNs) Using Immune-Algorithm”, No.50307015) of the national natural science fund of China.
EDNs are connected directly with customers and have great influence on the quality of power supply(including reliability).It was counted that 80% of the total customer interruptions around resulted from EDNs.So It has become a focus to do research on reliability evaluation of EDNS and its configuration optimization.
This paper is mainly as follows:
(1) Realizing fuzzy reliability evaluation of medium voltage EDNS. In reliability evaluation the component's reliability parameters such as fault rates and fault repairing time have a big effect on the result of reliability evaluation. However these parameters are typical of imprecision, which makes it reasonable that they should be formulated by fuzzy numbers.
This essay analyzes the range's changes and solutions in fuzzy operation and concludes the calculation algorithm of fuzzy numbers in different ranges so that reliability evaluation based on fuzzy parameters is practical. Thus the result of reliability evaluation will be more credible.
(2) Based on the fault-spreading algorithm,the iteration algorithm of reliability evaluation for medium-voltage EDNS is presented. There exists much redundant search in the fault-spreading algorithm,which lowers the calculation speed.In terms of this,some improved measures are taken as follows:①the algorithm for the formation of switch-layer tablet is presented.Switch-layer tablet is established before fault enumeration.In the tablet,the backward information,loads for example,of the present switch can be partially got from the switches in the backward layer,which spare much time for backward search;②according to the switch-fixing information of the fault point and its forward point, various fault modes and loads-classification algorithm based on them are presented,which can avoid forward search and use the information of the known fault sequences and that in the switch-layer.It is explained theoretically that the time complexity degree of iteration algorithm is of 1 rank and that of the fault-spreading algorithm is of 2 ranks.
(3) Improved genetic algorithm of optimal switching devices in EDNS is
配电网是电力系统中直接针对用户的环节,对用户供电质量(包括可靠性)有直接的影响。据统计,约80%的停电事故缘于配电系统故障,因此,配电网可靠性评估及结构优化已成为研究的热点。
本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)实现了中压配电网模糊可靠性评估。可靠性评估中,线路和变压器的故障率及故障排除时间等基础参数对可靠性评估结果有较大影响,而这些基础参数具有明显的不确定性,适合用模糊数来表达。本文分析了论域在模糊数运算中的变化及求解方法,提出不同论域间模糊数的四则运算算法,进而实现了基于模糊参数的中压配电网可靠性评估,其评估结果具有更大的可信度。
(2)基于故障扩散法,提出中压配电网可靠性评估的迭代算法。故障扩散算法中存在大量冗余搜索,降低了计算速度,本文进行以下改进:①提出形成开关分层表的算法。故障枚举前,预先形成关于断路器和隔离开关的开关分层表,当前开关所关联的后向负荷等信息可由其下层开关的相关信息参与形成,从而节省了后向搜索时间;②通过判断故障处及其前向线路的开关安装情况,形成不同的故障模式,并给出不同故障模式下负荷分类的迭代算法,不仅避免了前向搜索开关,而且能充分利用已知的故障后果信息和开关分层表信息,提高了计算速度。从理论上说明了,迭代算法的时间复杂度为一阶,故障扩散法的时间复杂度为二阶。
(3)提出配电网开关优化配置的改进遗传算法。为提高遗传算法的计算速度和收敛效率,采取以下改进措施:①给出初始种群的生成模型,提高初始种群的适应值;②对染色体进行分段遗传操作,以保证各类开关设备能同步优化;③提出模糊变异的实现方法,以利于优质基因遗传并避免局部最优化;④提出最优染色体的变异机制,以提高算法局部搜索能力。
This dissertation is sponsored by the project (“Study on Optimal Switching Model and Algorithm for Electrical Distribution Networks (EDNs) Using Immune-Algorithm”, No.50307015) of the national natural science fund of China.
EDNs are connected directly with customers and have great influence on the quality of power supply(including reliability).It was counted that 80% of the total customer interruptions around resulted from EDNs.So It has become a focus to do research on reliability evaluation of EDNS and its configuration optimization.
This paper is mainly as follows:
(1) Realizing fuzzy reliability evaluation of medium voltage EDNS. In reliability evaluation the component's reliability parameters such as fault rates and fault repairing time have a big effect on the result of reliability evaluation. However these parameters are typical of imprecision, which makes it reasonable that they should be formulated by fuzzy numbers.
This essay analyzes the range's changes and solutions in fuzzy operation and concludes the calculation algorithm of fuzzy numbers in different ranges so that reliability evaluation based on fuzzy parameters is practical. Thus the result of reliability evaluation will be more credible.
(2) Based on the fault-spreading algorithm,the iteration algorithm of reliability evaluation for medium-voltage EDNS is presented. There exists much redundant search in the fault-spreading algorithm,which lowers the calculation speed.In terms of this,some improved measures are taken as follows:①the algorithm for the formation of switch-layer tablet is presented.Switch-layer tablet is established before fault enumeration.In the tablet,the backward information,loads for example,of the present switch can be partially got from the switches in the backward layer,which spare much time for backward search;②according to the switch-fixing information of the fault point and its forward point, various fault modes and loads-classification algorithm based on them are presented,which can avoid forward search and use the information of the known fault sequences and that in the switch-layer.It is explained theoretically that the time complexity degree of iteration algorithm is of 1 rank and that of the fault-spreading algorithm is of 2 ranks.
(3) Improved genetic algorithm of optimal switching devices in EDNS is
引文
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[10] 霍利民,朱永利,范高锋等.一种基于贝叶斯网络的电力系统可靠性评估新方法[J].电力系统自动化,2003(3):36-40.
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[34] 丁 建 立 , 陈 增 强 , 袁 著 祉 . 遗 传 算 法 与 蚂 蚁 算 法 的 融 合 [J]. 计 算 机 研 究 与 发展 ,2003(9),1351-1356.
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[36] 熊浩,罗日成.免疫遗传算法在配电网重构中的应用[J].长沙电力学院学报,2003(8),47-50.
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[2] 朱成章.可靠性与电价.电力营销,2003,6:12-14.
[3] Billinton R,Billinton J E.Distribution system reliability indices[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):561-568.
[4] 陈堂,赵祖康,陈星莺,等.配电系统及其自动化技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[5] 杨晓东,栗然.配电网可靠性评估算法[J]. 电力环境保护,2002,4:33-36.
[6] Billinton R,Wang P.Reliability network equivalent approach to distribution system reliability evaluation[J].IEE Proc.-Gener.Trans. Distrib.,1998,145(2):149-153.
[7] 别朝红,王锡凡.配电系统的可靠性分析[J].中国电力,1997,30(5):10-13.
[8] 谢开贵,周平,周家启,等.基于故障扩散的复杂中压配电系统可靠性评估算法[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(4):45-48.
[9] 万国成,任震,田翔.配电网可靠性评估的网络等值法模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(5):48-52.
[10] 霍利民,朱永利,范高锋等.一种基于贝叶斯网络的电力系统可靠性评估新方法[J].电力系统自动化,2003(3):36-40.
[11] 卢锦玲,杨晓东,栗然等.一种基于贝叶斯网络的配电网可靠性评估方法[J].华北电力大学学报,2004,31(2):16-19.
[12] 谢莹华,王成山.基于馈线分区的中压配电系统可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5),35-39.
[13] 别朝红,王秀丽,王锡凡.复杂配电系统的可靠性评估 [J] .西安交通大学学报,2000,34(8):9-13.
[14] 刘柏私,谢开贵,马春雷等.复杂中压配电网可靠性评估分块算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):40-45.
[15] R. Billinton, Satish Jonnavithula. Optimal switching device placement in radial distribution system[J].IEEE trans. On power System, 1996, 11(3): 1646-1651.
[16] P. Wang, R. Billinton. Demand-side optimal section of switching device in radial distribution system planning[J].Proceeding of IEE G.T.D, 1998, 195(4):409-414.
[17] 万善良.配电线路的分段数量优化计算的简单说明[C].中国上海:中国供电国际会议论文集,2000:111-114.
[18] 万国成,任震.主馈线分段开关的设置研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,23(4):124-127.
[19] Yi He,Goran Anderson,Ron N.Allan.Determining optimum location and number of automatic switching device in distribution systems[C].IEEE Power Tech’99 Conference,1999,Hungary.
[20] Levitin G,Mazal-Tov S,Elmakis D.Optimal allocation of sectionalizer in radial distribution networks[C].Proceeding of the 1995 Stockholm Power Tech Conference,761-764.
[21] Jen-Hao Teng,Yi-Hwa Liu.A novel ACS-based optimum switch relocation method[J].IEEE trans. On power System,2003,18(1):113-120.
[22] Jen-Hao Teng,Chan-Nan Lu.Feeder-switch relocation for customer interruption cost minimization[J].IEEE trans. On power Delivery,2002,17(1):254-259.
[23] G.Celli,F.Pilo.Optimal sectionalizing switches allocate in distribution network[J].IEEE trans. On power Delivery,1999,14(3):1167-1172.
[24] 谢开贵,刘柏私,周家启等.配电网开关优化配置的动态规划算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):29-34.
[25] R.Billinton, Satish Jonnavithula.Optimal switching placement device in radial distribution system[J] IEEE trans.On power System, 1996, 11(3): 1646-1651.
[26] 王天华,王平洋,范明天.馈线自动化规划中环网开关配置的优化算法[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(15):15-17.
[27] 谢开贵,周家启.基于免疫算法的配电网开关优化配置模型[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(25):35-39.
[28] 左飞.计及可靠性价值的配电网规划及算法研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文,重庆,2003.
[29] 刘柏私.配电网最优切换模型与算法研究[D]. 重庆大学硕士论文,重庆,2004.
[30] 朱铭琳.简论人工智能的发展前景.运城学院学报,2003(3):31-32
[31] 文劲宇 , 刘沛 , 程时杰 . 遗传算法及其在电力系统中的应用 ( 上 )[J]. 电力系统自动化,1996(10):57-60
[32] J.Craig Potts,etc. Development and Evaluation of an Improved Genetic Algorithm Based on Migration and Artificial Selection[J].IEEE Transactions on systems,Man,And Cybernetics,1994:24(1):73-86
[33] 张晖,吴斌,余张国.引入模拟退火机制的新型遗传算法[J].电子科技大学学报,2003(1),39-42.
[34] 丁 建 立 , 陈 增 强 , 袁 著 祉 . 遗 传 算 法 与 蚂 蚁 算 法 的 融 合 [J]. 计 算 机 研 究 与 发展 ,2003(9),1351-1356.
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