船用柴油机电控单体泵系统性能研究与开发
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摘要
石油资源的日益枯竭和排放法规的日益严格对柴油机性能提出了更高的要求，同时也推动了柴油机技术的发展。采用电子控制技术是提高柴油机性能的主要技术手段，已经成为船舶柴油机重要研究和发展方向。其中电控燃油喷射系统作为现代柴油机核心部件，在很大程度上决定着柴油机的性能。电控单体泵燃油系统具有结构简单、可靠性高、对现有柴油机燃油系统改造或升级容易、对油品质量要求低等优点，是对我国机械喷油式柴油机升级改造的有效途径之一。
本文针对船用柴油机燃油系统的特点，设计了船用电控单体泵燃油系统，重点针对电控单体泵燃油系统的喷油特性和其高速电磁阀特性进行了深入研究，并开发了电控系统。在TBD234V8柴油机上配机试验表明，在改善柴油机经济性和提高调速性能的前提下，排放性能达到了IMO TierⅡ排放要求。论文主要完成了以下几个方面的研究工作。
1、高速电磁阀是电控单体泵燃油系统的关键部件，其驱动能力和响应速度等性能决定了喷油控制的灵活性。本文针对船用电控单体泵高速电磁阀特性分析难题，在Ansoft环境下建立了三维静态和瞬态磁场数值仿真模型，采用多物理场建模仿真分析及响应面中央合成试验设计分析方法，得出了全工况平面内关键因素及交互作用对高速电磁阀性能的影响规律和程度，揭示了静态电磁力及瞬态响应时间不但与一次作用因素有关，而且受二次因素复杂的交互作用影响，为高速电磁阀优化设计提供了有力支撑。
2、电控单体泵的喷油性能及循环喷油量波动是影响柴油机高效清洁燃烧和稳定工作的重要因素。本文采用实验分析和AMESim数值模拟相结合的方法，分析了影响系统喷油性能的关键因素，揭示了全工况范围内关键因素对喷油性能的影响规律，并利用相关性分析方法得出了影响因素一次及二次交互作用对喷油性能的影响规律。通过对全工况范围内的循环喷油量波动量化分析，揭示了各影响因素变动对循环喷油量波动变化的影响规律，得到了影响循环喷油量波动的关键参数。为电控单体泵燃油喷射系统的设计、开发和循环喷油量稳定性控制提供理论指导。
3、采用硬件模块化、软件分层封装及基于标定参数的数据架构设计方法，开发了船用柴油机电控单体泵系统控制单元，实现了电控单体泵柴油机实时、在线优化控制与匹配标定。并先后在油泵试验台和TBD234V8船用柴油机上进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：在满足柴油机经济性和调速性能的前提下，E3和D2工况NOX排放分别为7.02g/kW h、7.05g/kW h，达到了IMO TierⅡ排放要求。
With the decreasing of oil resources and the strictness of emissions regulations, it hashigher request of diesel engine performance improvement, but also promoted the developmentof the technology of diesel engine. By using electronic control technology has become animportant research and development direction of the marine diesel engines that it has the maintechniques of improving diesel engine performance. As a core component of modern dieselengine, electronic fuel injection system has great influence on diesel engine performance.Diesel electronic unit pump(EUP) fuel injection system enjoys the advantages of simplestructure, high reliability and for existing diesel engine fuel system modification or upgradeeasily and low demand for quality of oil, thus is one of the effective ways of upgradingmechanical injection type diesel engine of our country.
In accordance with the characteristics of the marine diesel engine fuel system,this paperdesigns marine electronic unit pump fuel injection system, and has a In-depth research for thefuel injection performance of electronic unit pump fuel injection system and the performanceof high-speed solenoid valve, and develop the electronic system. Through the calibration testson TBD234V8diesel engine, emissions can meet IMO TierⅡemission regulations under thepremise of improve diesel engine economy and improve speed governing performance. Thispaper mainly completed the following several aspects of the research work.
The high speed solenoid valve is one of the key actuators in the electronic unit pump fuelinjection system whose the response of speed and driving capacity performances affectdirectly the flexibility of the system injection control performance.In accordance with thehigh speed solenoid valve of marine electronic unit pump,this paper build the mathematicalsimulation model on calculating the3D static and instantaneous magnetic field in Ansoftenvironment.Using the method of modeling simulation and analysis in multi-physical fieldsand the analysis method of response surface central synthesis experiment and design,it isconcluded that the rules and degree of the performance of high-speed solenoid valves affectedby the full process plane within key factors and interaction, and reveals the static electromagnetic force and transient response time not only relevance to a factors, but also effects bythe secondary factors complex interaction, for a strong support for the optimization design ofhigh-speed solenoid valve.
The performance of fuel injection and cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation of EUPare important factors which affect the stability of work and high efficiency clean combustionof diesel engine. In this paper, a method of combining the experiment analysis and numericalsimulation under the AMESim environment is used, analyzes the key factors which affect theperformance of fuel injection system, reveals the influence law of the key factors to injectionperformance in the range of full operating conditions,by means of correlation analysis methoddrawing the influence law of the interaction of primary and secondary of key factors toinjection performance. Through the quantitative analysis of cycle fuel injection quantityfluctuation in the range of full operating conditions, reveals the influence law of the keyfactors to the variation of cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation, and the key parameterswhich affect the cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation were obtained. Providing atheoretical guidance for the design, development and stability control of cycle fuel injectionquantity of EUP fuel injection system.
Using the design method of hardware modular, software hierarchical package and dataarchitecture based on calibration parameters, developed the electronic control unit of EUPsystem of marine diesel engine and realized optimal control and matching calibration ofelectronic unit pump diesel engine. The experiment had been carried out on test-bed andTBD234V8marine diesel engine.The experimental results show that NOXemission are7.02g/kW h and7.05g/kW h in E3and D2conditions on the premise of satisfying theeconomy and speed performance of diesel engine and meet the IMO TierⅡ emissionsrequirements.
本文针对船用柴油机燃油系统的特点，设计了船用电控单体泵燃油系统，重点针对电控单体泵燃油系统的喷油特性和其高速电磁阀特性进行了深入研究，并开发了电控系统。在TBD234V8柴油机上配机试验表明，在改善柴油机经济性和提高调速性能的前提下，排放性能达到了IMO TierⅡ排放要求。论文主要完成了以下几个方面的研究工作。
1、高速电磁阀是电控单体泵燃油系统的关键部件，其驱动能力和响应速度等性能决定了喷油控制的灵活性。本文针对船用电控单体泵高速电磁阀特性分析难题，在Ansoft环境下建立了三维静态和瞬态磁场数值仿真模型，采用多物理场建模仿真分析及响应面中央合成试验设计分析方法，得出了全工况平面内关键因素及交互作用对高速电磁阀性能的影响规律和程度，揭示了静态电磁力及瞬态响应时间不但与一次作用因素有关，而且受二次因素复杂的交互作用影响，为高速电磁阀优化设计提供了有力支撑。
2、电控单体泵的喷油性能及循环喷油量波动是影响柴油机高效清洁燃烧和稳定工作的重要因素。本文采用实验分析和AMESim数值模拟相结合的方法，分析了影响系统喷油性能的关键因素，揭示了全工况范围内关键因素对喷油性能的影响规律，并利用相关性分析方法得出了影响因素一次及二次交互作用对喷油性能的影响规律。通过对全工况范围内的循环喷油量波动量化分析，揭示了各影响因素变动对循环喷油量波动变化的影响规律，得到了影响循环喷油量波动的关键参数。为电控单体泵燃油喷射系统的设计、开发和循环喷油量稳定性控制提供理论指导。
3、采用硬件模块化、软件分层封装及基于标定参数的数据架构设计方法，开发了船用柴油机电控单体泵系统控制单元，实现了电控单体泵柴油机实时、在线优化控制与匹配标定。并先后在油泵试验台和TBD234V8船用柴油机上进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：在满足柴油机经济性和调速性能的前提下，E3和D2工况NOX排放分别为7.02g/kW h、7.05g/kW h，达到了IMO TierⅡ排放要求。
With the decreasing of oil resources and the strictness of emissions regulations, it hashigher request of diesel engine performance improvement, but also promoted the developmentof the technology of diesel engine. By using electronic control technology has become animportant research and development direction of the marine diesel engines that it has the maintechniques of improving diesel engine performance. As a core component of modern dieselengine, electronic fuel injection system has great influence on diesel engine performance.Diesel electronic unit pump(EUP) fuel injection system enjoys the advantages of simplestructure, high reliability and for existing diesel engine fuel system modification or upgradeeasily and low demand for quality of oil, thus is one of the effective ways of upgradingmechanical injection type diesel engine of our country.
In accordance with the characteristics of the marine diesel engine fuel system,this paperdesigns marine electronic unit pump fuel injection system, and has a In-depth research for thefuel injection performance of electronic unit pump fuel injection system and the performanceof high-speed solenoid valve, and develop the electronic system. Through the calibration testson TBD234V8diesel engine, emissions can meet IMO TierⅡemission regulations under thepremise of improve diesel engine economy and improve speed governing performance. Thispaper mainly completed the following several aspects of the research work.
The high speed solenoid valve is one of the key actuators in the electronic unit pump fuelinjection system whose the response of speed and driving capacity performances affectdirectly the flexibility of the system injection control performance.In accordance with thehigh speed solenoid valve of marine electronic unit pump,this paper build the mathematicalsimulation model on calculating the3D static and instantaneous magnetic field in Ansoftenvironment.Using the method of modeling simulation and analysis in multi-physical fieldsand the analysis method of response surface central synthesis experiment and design,it isconcluded that the rules and degree of the performance of high-speed solenoid valves affectedby the full process plane within key factors and interaction, and reveals the static electromagnetic force and transient response time not only relevance to a factors, but also effects bythe secondary factors complex interaction, for a strong support for the optimization design ofhigh-speed solenoid valve.
The performance of fuel injection and cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation of EUPare important factors which affect the stability of work and high efficiency clean combustionof diesel engine. In this paper, a method of combining the experiment analysis and numericalsimulation under the AMESim environment is used, analyzes the key factors which affect theperformance of fuel injection system, reveals the influence law of the key factors to injectionperformance in the range of full operating conditions,by means of correlation analysis methoddrawing the influence law of the interaction of primary and secondary of key factors toinjection performance. Through the quantitative analysis of cycle fuel injection quantityfluctuation in the range of full operating conditions, reveals the influence law of the keyfactors to the variation of cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation, and the key parameterswhich affect the cycle fuel injection quantity fluctuation were obtained. Providing atheoretical guidance for the design, development and stability control of cycle fuel injectionquantity of EUP fuel injection system.
Using the design method of hardware modular, software hierarchical package and dataarchitecture based on calibration parameters, developed the electronic control unit of EUPsystem of marine diesel engine and realized optimal control and matching calibration ofelectronic unit pump diesel engine. The experiment had been carried out on test-bed andTBD234V8marine diesel engine.The experimental results show that NOXemission are7.02g/kW h and7.05g/kW h in E3and D2conditions on the premise of satisfying theeconomy and speed performance of diesel engine and meet the IMO TierⅡ emissionsrequirements.
引文
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