苏州市水源地保护生态补偿研究
|
摘要
随着经济的高速发展,水资源生态环境的压力不断增加。生态环境保护已经成为当今社会刻不容缓的任务。水源保护地政府和居民为保护水源做出贡献,自身的环境公平权和发展机会平等权受到了一定的限制,迫切需要新的政策机制来解决这一难题。
本文是以苏州市水源地金庭镇为研究对象,通过资料收集、实地考察,问卷调查等方式,对金庭镇生态补偿机制的建立进行初步的研究。在本研究中通过对大量的文献资料的回顾,详细阐述了生态补偿的理论基础。生态补偿机制中的相关内容如:补偿主体、补偿方式、补偿模式以及补偿额度都做了详细的分析。通过使用生态足迹分析等方法,构建金庭镇生态补偿机制。
对生态补偿的研究尚处在初期阶段,生态补偿的研究内容还在拓展,还有许多需要深入研究的内容,例如:资源价值不确定性研究、生态补偿模型建立、生态补偿立法等。科学建立完善的生态补偿制度,并切实有效的执行,才是解决当前水源地发展不平衡和可持续发展的有效途径,也为整个区域的平衡和持续发展打下了基础。
With the high-speed development of economic, the environmental pressure of water resource is increasing. Ecological protection becomes primary task in this modern society. The government and people living in water resource contribute to protection of water sources, but there is a limit to the equal right of environment and development opportunity. It is exigent to take some measures to solve the problem.
This paper takes Suzhou City water source region–Jinting Town as the study object. By collecting data, visiting, questionnaires, we make a preliminary study on Jinting Town compensation mechanism. Through reviewing lots of data, the article expatiate the foundation of the ecological compensation mechanism.
Four main respects involved in ecological compensation mechanism, the player, the receiver, the method and the standard are studied. By using ecological footprint analysis, calculate the amount of ecological compensation.
The study on ecological compensation in China and even in the whole world is still at initial stage. The extent is under researched and a further investigation is also needed, for instance ,the uncertainty of resources value, the establishment of an ecological compensation mode, legislative problem of resources value, the establishment of an ecological compensation mode, legislative problem of ecological station etc. It is the very approach of solving the present regional disparate development and regional scientifically, sustainable development to establish a complete ecological compensation and carry it out in an effective way.
本文是以苏州市水源地金庭镇为研究对象,通过资料收集、实地考察,问卷调查等方式,对金庭镇生态补偿机制的建立进行初步的研究。在本研究中通过对大量的文献资料的回顾,详细阐述了生态补偿的理论基础。生态补偿机制中的相关内容如:补偿主体、补偿方式、补偿模式以及补偿额度都做了详细的分析。通过使用生态足迹分析等方法,构建金庭镇生态补偿机制。
对生态补偿的研究尚处在初期阶段,生态补偿的研究内容还在拓展,还有许多需要深入研究的内容,例如:资源价值不确定性研究、生态补偿模型建立、生态补偿立法等。科学建立完善的生态补偿制度,并切实有效的执行,才是解决当前水源地发展不平衡和可持续发展的有效途径,也为整个区域的平衡和持续发展打下了基础。
With the high-speed development of economic, the environmental pressure of water resource is increasing. Ecological protection becomes primary task in this modern society. The government and people living in water resource contribute to protection of water sources, but there is a limit to the equal right of environment and development opportunity. It is exigent to take some measures to solve the problem.
This paper takes Suzhou City water source region–Jinting Town as the study object. By collecting data, visiting, questionnaires, we make a preliminary study on Jinting Town compensation mechanism. Through reviewing lots of data, the article expatiate the foundation of the ecological compensation mechanism.
Four main respects involved in ecological compensation mechanism, the player, the receiver, the method and the standard are studied. By using ecological footprint analysis, calculate the amount of ecological compensation.
The study on ecological compensation in China and even in the whole world is still at initial stage. The extent is under researched and a further investigation is also needed, for instance ,the uncertainty of resources value, the establishment of an ecological compensation mode, legislative problem of resources value, the establishment of an ecological compensation mode, legislative problem of ecological station etc. It is the very approach of solving the present regional disparate development and regional scientifically, sustainable development to establish a complete ecological compensation and carry it out in an effective way.
引文
[1]太湖网.关于太湖.http://www.tba.gov.cn/.
[2]江苏省审计厅网站.江苏省太湖流域水环境综合治理实施方案. http://www.jssj.gov.cn/newsfiles/100010/2009-06/11622.shtml.
[3]刘永德,何品晶,邵立明.太湖流域农村生活垃圾面源污染贡献值估算.农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1442-1445.
[4]中国林业网.生态补偿促进区域协调发展着力解决“上游保护,下游受益;上游污染,下游遭殃”体制性矛盾. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/ghzj/s/2128/content-337616.html.
[5] Heimlich R.E.,2002.The U.S. Experience With Land Retirement for Natural Resource Conservation. Presented to Forest Trends-China Workshop on“Forests and Ecosystem Services in China”,Aprit2002, Beijing,China.
[6]Jenkins M.,Scherr S. and Inbar M.,2004.Markets for biodiversity services: potential roles and challenges. Environment,46(6): 32-42.
[7]中国环境与发展国际合作委员会网.生态补偿机制课题组报告. http://www.china.com.cn/tech/zhuanti/wyh/2008-02/29/content_11157887.htm.
[8]熊云.鄱阳湖湿地生态补偿机制研究[D].南昌大学,2008(6):10.
[9]王钦敏.建立补偿机制,保护生态环境.求是,2004,(13):55-56.
[10]庄国泰,高鹏,王学军.中国生态环境补偿费的理论与实践[J].中国环境科学,1995,15 (6):413-418.
[11]Bayha K, C Koski. Anatomy of a River: an Evaluation of Water Requirements for the Hells Canyon Reach of Snake River [M].Pacific North West River Basins Commission, Vancouver, Washington, plus Appendix.1974.203.
[12]刘旭芳,王明安.生态补偿释义[J].桂海论丛,2006,1.
[13]蔡邦成,温林泉,陆根法.生态补偿机制建立的理论思考[J],生态经济,2005(1):47-50.
[14] Barton,D.N.2002.The transferability of benefit transfer: contingent valuation of water quality improvements in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics 42,147-164.
[15]毛显强,钟瑜,张胜.生态补偿机制的理论探讨[J].中国人口资源环境,2002,12(4):38-41.
[16] Bowker J M,D B E nglish, J A Donovan. Toward a value for guided rafting on southern Rivers [J]. Jounral of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1996,28(2):423-432.
[17]中国21世纪议程管理中心.生态补偿原理与应用.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[18]柴艳.昆明市饮用水源区生态补偿机制研究—以昆明市松华坝水库调研为例[D].浙江大学,2008(4):15—16.
[19]柴艳红,康慕谊.国内外生态补偿现状及其完善措施。自然资源学报,2007,22(4):557-567.
[20]陈兆开.淮河流域水资源生态补偿制度问题研究.安徽农业科学,2007,35(24):7599-7600.
[21] Danièle Perrot-Maitre, Patsy Davis. Case studies of markets and innovative financial mechanisms for water services from forests. http://www.forest-trends.org/resources/publications/publications.php, forest trends.
[22]李克国,魏国印,张宝安.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[23]Brendan Fisher, R. Kerry Turner, Paul Morling. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics, 2008:1-11.
[24]付海萍.公共产品理论和市场化改革[J].西部财会.2005,01:18-19.
[25]杨从明.浅谈生态补偿制度建立及原理[J].林业与社会.2005,13 (1):7-12.
[26]王凡.论我国生态补偿制度的完善[D].郑州:郑州大学,2006.
[27]张智玲,王华东.环境外部不经济性分析及其进展[J].环境科学进展,1997, 5 (5): 30-35.
[28]郑海霞,张陆彪.流域生态服务补偿标准研究.环境保护,2006(1):65-70.
[29]程艳军.中国流域生态服务补偿模式研究——以浙江省金华江流域为例.中国优秀硕士学位论文数据库.中国农业科学院,2006:1-73.
[30]张志强,徐中民,程国栋.黑河流域张掖地区生态系统服务恢复的条件价值评估.生态学报,2002,26(2):885-863.
[31]李开孟.环境影响货币量化分析的疾病成本、人力资本和机会成本法.中国工程咨询,2008, 94(6):48-51.
[32]张志强,徐中民,程国栋.生态足迹的概念及计算模型[J].生态经济,2000(10): 8-10.
[33]Nicolas Kosoy, Miguel Martinez-Tuna, Roldan Muradian, Joan Martinez-Alier. Payments for environmental services in watersheds: Insights from a comparative study of three cases in Central Americal. Ecological Economics, 2007(61):446-455.
[34]J. M. Bowker, Donald B. K. English, Jason A. Donovan. Toward a Value for Guided Rafting on Southern Rivers. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 1996, 28(2):423-432.
[35]H. Michael Rauscher, F. Thomas Lioyd, David L. Loftis, Mark J. Twery. A pratical decision-analysis process for forest ecosystem management. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2000(27):195-226.
[36] WACKEMAGEL M,REE W. Our ecological footprint: Reducing human impact on the earth [M]. Gabriola Island: New Society publishers,1996.
[37]Landell-Mills,N.Porras I T.Silver bullet or fools’gold? A global review of markers for forest Environmental services and their impacts on the poor, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). London, U.K.2001.
[38]陈朝.赣州市生态足迹测算[M].赣南师范学院学报,2009(6):137—140.
[39]章锦河.基于生态足迹的区域旅游环境影响研究.合肥:安徽人民出版社,2009.
[40]中国江苏网站.苏州今年8.3亿治理农村生活污水.www.jiangsu.gov.cn/shouye/sxzc/xncjs/ 200903/t20090309_313057.html.
[41]谢京华.论主体功能区与财政转移支付的完善.地方财政研究,2008(2):4-7.
[42]吴水荣.水源涵养林环境效益经济补偿研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[43]王怀臣.四川水电资源开发及其补偿机制研究[D].成都:中国电子科技大学,2005.
[44]黄立洪,柯庆明,林文雄.生态补偿机制的理论分析.中国农业科技导报[N],2005,3.
[45]苏州市统计年鉴(2009年).
[46]吴中区统计年鉴(2009年).
[2]江苏省审计厅网站.江苏省太湖流域水环境综合治理实施方案. http://www.jssj.gov.cn/newsfiles/100010/2009-06/11622.shtml.
[3]刘永德,何品晶,邵立明.太湖流域农村生活垃圾面源污染贡献值估算.农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1442-1445.
[4]中国林业网.生态补偿促进区域协调发展着力解决“上游保护,下游受益;上游污染,下游遭殃”体制性矛盾. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/ghzj/s/2128/content-337616.html.
[5] Heimlich R.E.,2002.The U.S. Experience With Land Retirement for Natural Resource Conservation. Presented to Forest Trends-China Workshop on“Forests and Ecosystem Services in China”,Aprit2002, Beijing,China.
[6]Jenkins M.,Scherr S. and Inbar M.,2004.Markets for biodiversity services: potential roles and challenges. Environment,46(6): 32-42.
[7]中国环境与发展国际合作委员会网.生态补偿机制课题组报告. http://www.china.com.cn/tech/zhuanti/wyh/2008-02/29/content_11157887.htm.
[8]熊云.鄱阳湖湿地生态补偿机制研究[D].南昌大学,2008(6):10.
[9]王钦敏.建立补偿机制,保护生态环境.求是,2004,(13):55-56.
[10]庄国泰,高鹏,王学军.中国生态环境补偿费的理论与实践[J].中国环境科学,1995,15 (6):413-418.
[11]Bayha K, C Koski. Anatomy of a River: an Evaluation of Water Requirements for the Hells Canyon Reach of Snake River [M].Pacific North West River Basins Commission, Vancouver, Washington, plus Appendix.1974.203.
[12]刘旭芳,王明安.生态补偿释义[J].桂海论丛,2006,1.
[13]蔡邦成,温林泉,陆根法.生态补偿机制建立的理论思考[J],生态经济,2005(1):47-50.
[14] Barton,D.N.2002.The transferability of benefit transfer: contingent valuation of water quality improvements in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics 42,147-164.
[15]毛显强,钟瑜,张胜.生态补偿机制的理论探讨[J].中国人口资源环境,2002,12(4):38-41.
[16] Bowker J M,D B E nglish, J A Donovan. Toward a value for guided rafting on southern Rivers [J]. Jounral of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1996,28(2):423-432.
[17]中国21世纪议程管理中心.生态补偿原理与应用.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[18]柴艳.昆明市饮用水源区生态补偿机制研究—以昆明市松华坝水库调研为例[D].浙江大学,2008(4):15—16.
[19]柴艳红,康慕谊.国内外生态补偿现状及其完善措施。自然资源学报,2007,22(4):557-567.
[20]陈兆开.淮河流域水资源生态补偿制度问题研究.安徽农业科学,2007,35(24):7599-7600.
[21] Danièle Perrot-Maitre, Patsy Davis. Case studies of markets and innovative financial mechanisms for water services from forests. http://www.forest-trends.org/resources/publications/publications.php, forest trends.
[22]李克国,魏国印,张宝安.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[23]Brendan Fisher, R. Kerry Turner, Paul Morling. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics, 2008:1-11.
[24]付海萍.公共产品理论和市场化改革[J].西部财会.2005,01:18-19.
[25]杨从明.浅谈生态补偿制度建立及原理[J].林业与社会.2005,13 (1):7-12.
[26]王凡.论我国生态补偿制度的完善[D].郑州:郑州大学,2006.
[27]张智玲,王华东.环境外部不经济性分析及其进展[J].环境科学进展,1997, 5 (5): 30-35.
[28]郑海霞,张陆彪.流域生态服务补偿标准研究.环境保护,2006(1):65-70.
[29]程艳军.中国流域生态服务补偿模式研究——以浙江省金华江流域为例.中国优秀硕士学位论文数据库.中国农业科学院,2006:1-73.
[30]张志强,徐中民,程国栋.黑河流域张掖地区生态系统服务恢复的条件价值评估.生态学报,2002,26(2):885-863.
[31]李开孟.环境影响货币量化分析的疾病成本、人力资本和机会成本法.中国工程咨询,2008, 94(6):48-51.
[32]张志强,徐中民,程国栋.生态足迹的概念及计算模型[J].生态经济,2000(10): 8-10.
[33]Nicolas Kosoy, Miguel Martinez-Tuna, Roldan Muradian, Joan Martinez-Alier. Payments for environmental services in watersheds: Insights from a comparative study of three cases in Central Americal. Ecological Economics, 2007(61):446-455.
[34]J. M. Bowker, Donald B. K. English, Jason A. Donovan. Toward a Value for Guided Rafting on Southern Rivers. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 1996, 28(2):423-432.
[35]H. Michael Rauscher, F. Thomas Lioyd, David L. Loftis, Mark J. Twery. A pratical decision-analysis process for forest ecosystem management. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2000(27):195-226.
[36] WACKEMAGEL M,REE W. Our ecological footprint: Reducing human impact on the earth [M]. Gabriola Island: New Society publishers,1996.
[37]Landell-Mills,N.Porras I T.Silver bullet or fools’gold? A global review of markers for forest Environmental services and their impacts on the poor, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). London, U.K.2001.
[38]陈朝.赣州市生态足迹测算[M].赣南师范学院学报,2009(6):137—140.
[39]章锦河.基于生态足迹的区域旅游环境影响研究.合肥:安徽人民出版社,2009.
[40]中国江苏网站.苏州今年8.3亿治理农村生活污水.www.jiangsu.gov.cn/shouye/sxzc/xncjs/ 200903/t20090309_313057.html.
[41]谢京华.论主体功能区与财政转移支付的完善.地方财政研究,2008(2):4-7.
[42]吴水荣.水源涵养林环境效益经济补偿研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[43]王怀臣.四川水电资源开发及其补偿机制研究[D].成都:中国电子科技大学,2005.
[44]黄立洪,柯庆明,林文雄.生态补偿机制的理论分析.中国农业科技导报[N],2005,3.
[45]苏州市统计年鉴(2009年).
[46]吴中区统计年鉴(2009年).