工程建设项目信息化集成研究
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摘要
建筑业是拉动我国宏观经济高速增长的重要传统产业，产值一直维持高位运行。十二五期间，我国建筑业总产值、建筑业增加值将实现年均增长15%以上的目标，在国民经济中的支柱地位不断增强。随着信息技术在建筑领域的广泛应用，信息传递过程的漏斗效应和信息孤岛现象，成为严重制约我国建筑业技术进步和建设项目管理绩效提升的瓶颈。信息化是改造传统产业生产模式、实现建筑业跨越式发展的重要途径，也是我国建筑工业化的必由之路。因此，开展工程建设项目信息化集成研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文基于工程建设项目全寿命周期理论，分析了项目建设各阶段信息集成要素；基于IFC标准，研究了建设项目信息表述和信息集成方法，结合模型文件实例，得出了IFC模型文件的构成要素；基于开源BIM系统平台二次开发，实现了建设项目信息集成原型系统；基于第三方系统平台的集成方法，构建了工程建设项目信息系统集成模式。具体研究内容如下：
（1）从工程建设项目多专业集成、全寿命周期集成、参建方集成和管理目标集成四个方面分析了建设项目集成化管理，阐述了计算机集成建造的内涵和特点。基于建设项目全寿命周期理论，针对项目设计阶段、施工阶段、运营和维护阶段的工作内容，分析了各阶段信息集成要素，阐述了建设项目信息集成支撑技术。
（2）基于IFC标准，分析了该标准中对象实体、关系实体和属性定义实体，阐述了这三种实体对建设项目信息的表述方式，以及基于属性集的信息关联方式，得出了建设项目信息集成建模方法。结合模型文件实例，分析得出了IFC模型文件的构成要素。
（3）分析了信息集成平台的系统需求，划分出系统平台的总体功能模块，针对主要功能模块进行了建模，给出了系统用例图和运行时序图。在系统具体实现上，基于开源BIM平台，后台数据库采用MySQL进行了二次开发，构建了工程建设项目信息集成平台原型系统。
（4）比较研究了点到点单系统之间的集成、单节点系统到项目信息门户系统的集成、第三方系统平台的集成，这三种典型的信息系统集成组织模式。针对建筑业构建了基于面向服务架构(SOA)的第三方系统平台的系统集成模式，并对其应用优势进行了分析。
（5）针对基于SOA的系统集成关键技术Web Services进行了分析，给出了建设项目信息系统集成的开发流程，包括服务器端Web Services设计、外部客户端系统调用程序开发方法、基于Web Services的系统调用流程等。以建筑物模型信息提取进行了实证研究，应用Java和CXF开发了Web Services客户端调用程序，实现了对系统平台上模型信息的调用。
本文的研究成果对于实现建设项目信息集成化统一管理提供了解决方案，为建设项目信息系统集成提供了理论方法和开发技术指导。
The construction industry is an important traditional industry, which keeps a highlevel output and pulls the rapid growth of China's macroeconomic. The total andincremental value of construction industry will achieve the targets more than15%averageannual growth rate during the12th five-year plan period and the pillar position of which inthe national economy will be constantly enhanced. With the extensive application ofinformation technology in the construction industry, the funnel effect on the process ofinformation transmission and the phenomenon of information island, which has becamethe bottleneck seriously restricting the performance improvement of China's constructionindustry. Informatization is an important way to transform the production mode oftraditional industry and realize great-leap-forward development of the constructionindustry as well as the only way to realize the industrialization of the construction industry.Therefore, study on the informatization integration of construction project has importanttheoretical and practical significance.
In this thesis, the information integration of each construction phase is analyzedbased on the whole life-cycle theory of construction project. The information presentationand information integration method of construction project based on IFC are studied, andthe IFC file structure is obtained by analyzing IFC instance file. The prototype system isdeveloped based on the open source BIMServer platform for the secondary development.The mode of system integration in the construction industry is established based on thethird-party platform. The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
(1) There are four aspects to explore the integrated management of constructionproject, which are the multi-disciplinary integration, the whole life-cycle integration, thestakeholders integration and the management objectives integration. The characteristics ofthe computer integrated construction(CIC) is elaborated. The information integration inthe design phase, construction phase, operation phase are analyzed based on the wholelife-cycle theory, and put forward the information integration technology of construction project.
(2) The IfcObject, IfcRelationship and IfcPropertyDefinition in the IFC standard areanalyzed. The expression on construction project information and the informationcombination of attribute set are elaborated. The modeling approach for constructionproject information is developed. The IFC file structure is obtained by analyzing the IFCfile instance.
(3) The system requirements of information integration platform are analyzed. Thesystem module, use case diagram and sequence diagram are given. In a particular systemimplementation, it is based on the open source BIMServer platform and MySQL databaseto make secondary development for the prototype system.
(4) There are three typical organization modes of system integration being analyzed.The comparison on the point-to-point single system integration, the single-node system toproject information portal(PIP) system integration, the third-party platform-based systemintegration are researched. The service-oriented architecture(SOA) based pattern forsystem integration in the construction industry is put forward.
(5) The Web Services which is the key technology of SOA is analyzed. The step ofsystem integration is given, including Web Services implementation in the server-side,developing method on calling program of the external client system, Web Servicesinvocation. At last, the Web Services client program is developed using Java and CXF andthe information retrieval from the model is realized by empirical study for the extractioninformation from building model.
The achievements of this research can provide a solution to realize informationintegration and unified management for construction project, and also provide atheoretical methods and technical guidance for guiding the system integration in theconstruction industry.
本文基于工程建设项目全寿命周期理论，分析了项目建设各阶段信息集成要素；基于IFC标准，研究了建设项目信息表述和信息集成方法，结合模型文件实例，得出了IFC模型文件的构成要素；基于开源BIM系统平台二次开发，实现了建设项目信息集成原型系统；基于第三方系统平台的集成方法，构建了工程建设项目信息系统集成模式。具体研究内容如下：
（1）从工程建设项目多专业集成、全寿命周期集成、参建方集成和管理目标集成四个方面分析了建设项目集成化管理，阐述了计算机集成建造的内涵和特点。基于建设项目全寿命周期理论，针对项目设计阶段、施工阶段、运营和维护阶段的工作内容，分析了各阶段信息集成要素，阐述了建设项目信息集成支撑技术。
（2）基于IFC标准，分析了该标准中对象实体、关系实体和属性定义实体，阐述了这三种实体对建设项目信息的表述方式，以及基于属性集的信息关联方式，得出了建设项目信息集成建模方法。结合模型文件实例，分析得出了IFC模型文件的构成要素。
（3）分析了信息集成平台的系统需求，划分出系统平台的总体功能模块，针对主要功能模块进行了建模，给出了系统用例图和运行时序图。在系统具体实现上，基于开源BIM平台，后台数据库采用MySQL进行了二次开发，构建了工程建设项目信息集成平台原型系统。
（4）比较研究了点到点单系统之间的集成、单节点系统到项目信息门户系统的集成、第三方系统平台的集成，这三种典型的信息系统集成组织模式。针对建筑业构建了基于面向服务架构(SOA)的第三方系统平台的系统集成模式，并对其应用优势进行了分析。
（5）针对基于SOA的系统集成关键技术Web Services进行了分析，给出了建设项目信息系统集成的开发流程，包括服务器端Web Services设计、外部客户端系统调用程序开发方法、基于Web Services的系统调用流程等。以建筑物模型信息提取进行了实证研究，应用Java和CXF开发了Web Services客户端调用程序，实现了对系统平台上模型信息的调用。
本文的研究成果对于实现建设项目信息集成化统一管理提供了解决方案，为建设项目信息系统集成提供了理论方法和开发技术指导。
The construction industry is an important traditional industry, which keeps a highlevel output and pulls the rapid growth of China's macroeconomic. The total andincremental value of construction industry will achieve the targets more than15%averageannual growth rate during the12th five-year plan period and the pillar position of which inthe national economy will be constantly enhanced. With the extensive application ofinformation technology in the construction industry, the funnel effect on the process ofinformation transmission and the phenomenon of information island, which has becamethe bottleneck seriously restricting the performance improvement of China's constructionindustry. Informatization is an important way to transform the production mode oftraditional industry and realize great-leap-forward development of the constructionindustry as well as the only way to realize the industrialization of the construction industry.Therefore, study on the informatization integration of construction project has importanttheoretical and practical significance.
In this thesis, the information integration of each construction phase is analyzedbased on the whole life-cycle theory of construction project. The information presentationand information integration method of construction project based on IFC are studied, andthe IFC file structure is obtained by analyzing IFC instance file. The prototype system isdeveloped based on the open source BIMServer platform for the secondary development.The mode of system integration in the construction industry is established based on thethird-party platform. The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
(1) There are four aspects to explore the integrated management of constructionproject, which are the multi-disciplinary integration, the whole life-cycle integration, thestakeholders integration and the management objectives integration. The characteristics ofthe computer integrated construction(CIC) is elaborated. The information integration inthe design phase, construction phase, operation phase are analyzed based on the wholelife-cycle theory, and put forward the information integration technology of construction project.
(2) The IfcObject, IfcRelationship and IfcPropertyDefinition in the IFC standard areanalyzed. The expression on construction project information and the informationcombination of attribute set are elaborated. The modeling approach for constructionproject information is developed. The IFC file structure is obtained by analyzing the IFCfile instance.
(3) The system requirements of information integration platform are analyzed. Thesystem module, use case diagram and sequence diagram are given. In a particular systemimplementation, it is based on the open source BIMServer platform and MySQL databaseto make secondary development for the prototype system.
(4) There are three typical organization modes of system integration being analyzed.The comparison on the point-to-point single system integration, the single-node system toproject information portal(PIP) system integration, the third-party platform-based systemintegration are researched. The service-oriented architecture(SOA) based pattern forsystem integration in the construction industry is put forward.
(5) The Web Services which is the key technology of SOA is analyzed. The step ofsystem integration is given, including Web Services implementation in the server-side,developing method on calling program of the external client system, Web Servicesinvocation. At last, the Web Services client program is developed using Java and CXF andthe information retrieval from the model is realized by empirical study for the extractioninformation from building model.
The achievements of this research can provide a solution to realize informationintegration and unified management for construction project, and also provide atheoretical methods and technical guidance for guiding the system integration in theconstruction industry.
引文
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