西准噶尔阔克哈达一带玛依拉山组沉积特征及构造意义
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摘要
本文以新疆西准噶尔托里县—裕民县阔克哈达一带志留纪地层为研究对象,从岩石组合、生物化石、原生构造、粒度分析、基本层序等方面,对该套沉积地层做了比较系统的研究,取得了如下认识：
1.通过对志留系玛依拉山组的岩性特征、岩石组合特征及发育标志层将其划分为四个岩性段。第一岩性段(S2-3m1)以灰绿色凝灰质细砂岩—泥质粉砂岩为主的滨海相沉积建造、第二岩性段(S2-3m2)以灰绿色、暗紫色凝灰质—泥质粉砂岩,两者呈互层发育或夹层产出,其中仅北部有微晶灰岩层产出,大量发育含砾岩屑砂岩的滨海相沉积建造、第三岩性段(S2-3m3)以凝灰质含粉砂细砂岩—泥质粉砂岩为主的滨海相沉积建造、第四岩性段(S2-3m4)以硅质岩、硅质粉砂岩为主的浅海相沉积建造。
2.在恰达一带志留系玛依拉山组第三岩性段上部层位新发现一套滑塌堆积层。经过细致的岩性特征、分布层位、构造形变及空间组合关系研究,将其厘定为近原地滑塌堆积。为恢复和建立西准噶尔志留纪沉积环境和古地理演化提供可靠依据,也为进一步分析志留纪盆地演化提供了重要佐证。
3.经过沉积相分析得出玛依拉山组从下到上的沉积环境依次为滨岸相临滨亚相—滨岸相前滨亚相—滨岸相临滨亚相—浅海相沉积环境。总体上呈现水体动荡,变化频繁。通过出露于南北两个区域的该组岩层对比,发现岩石中火山碎屑的含量自北向南逐渐减少,且北部第三岩性段上部发育有一套近原地的滑塌堆积岩,而南部未发现此标志层,故推断该区中晚志留世的古地理为北陆南洋的格局。
4.在研究区玛依拉山组中不但常见中、基性火山岩组合,而且地层厚度较大,可达3000余米,化石较为稀少。研究区出露的地层沉积连续性差,变形强烈,显然是活动构造体制下的产物。这一结论为正确确立本区地层层序,恢复西准噶尔志留纪沉积环境、古地理格局及构造分析提供重要的科学依据和参考价值。
This dissertation is object on the sedimentary stratum of Silurian System in the Kuokehada area of Western Junggar, Xinjiang. By studying the rock assemblages, biological fossils, primary structure, grain size analysis, basic stratigraphy specifically, we gained the achievements as follows:
1. Based on the lithologic characters, rock assemblages and marked layers, the Silurian Mayilashan formation is divided into four sections. The first section (S2-3m1) is marine facies which is mainly composed of gray-green tuff fine-grained sandstone and muddy siltstone, the second section (S2-3m2) is marine face which is composed mostly by pebbly rock-fragments sandstone, with the gray-green and dark purple tuff- and muddy-siltstone occur interbedded or as sandwich layers. Some microcrystal limestone distributed on the north of the research area, the third section (S2-3m3) is littoral facies which is characterized by tuff-silt fine sandstone and muddy siltstone, and the fourth part (S2-3m4) is neritic facies which is featured by mostly chert and siliceous siltstone.
2. There is a set of slumped accumulation facies at the upper layer of silurian Mayilashan formation in qia da area, west Junggar, which is redefinition as in-situ slumped accumulation after carefully analyzed the lithologic features, distribution horizon, tectonic deformation and space combination relationship. And the identification could provide reliable evidences to rebuilt the silurian sedimentary environment and paleogeography evolution of the west Junggar, which also offers important evidence for the further analysis of silurian basin evolution.
3. Based on sedimentary facies analysis, we conclude that the sedimentary environments of silurian Mayilashan formation are shoreface deposit-foreshore deposit- shoreface deposit- shallow deposit from bottom to top. It presents characters of frequent change and water unrest on the whole. By contrasting two rock stratas exposed in south and north area, we find that the content of pyroclastic gradually decreased from the north to the south, and we also find a set of proximal slump accumulation rock developed only in the up third lithologic section of north area, but this symbol layer doesn't develop in the south area. So we can infer that paleogeography pattern in Middle-Late Silurian should be ocean in the north and mainland in the south.
4. In our research area, the neutral volcanic rocks and basic volcanic rocks are not common, and the stratum is relatively thick (over 3,000 meters), fossils are relatively rare. Stratums exposed in our research area are poor in sedimentation continuity, and strongly deformed. Apparently, they should be products of active tectonic system. This conclusion provide important scientific basis and reference value in terms of correctly establish the sequence of stratums in our research area, and restore the sedimentary environment and paleogeography pattern in west Junggar basin.
1.通过对志留系玛依拉山组的岩性特征、岩石组合特征及发育标志层将其划分为四个岩性段。第一岩性段(S2-3m1)以灰绿色凝灰质细砂岩—泥质粉砂岩为主的滨海相沉积建造、第二岩性段(S2-3m2)以灰绿色、暗紫色凝灰质—泥质粉砂岩,两者呈互层发育或夹层产出,其中仅北部有微晶灰岩层产出,大量发育含砾岩屑砂岩的滨海相沉积建造、第三岩性段(S2-3m3)以凝灰质含粉砂细砂岩—泥质粉砂岩为主的滨海相沉积建造、第四岩性段(S2-3m4)以硅质岩、硅质粉砂岩为主的浅海相沉积建造。
2.在恰达一带志留系玛依拉山组第三岩性段上部层位新发现一套滑塌堆积层。经过细致的岩性特征、分布层位、构造形变及空间组合关系研究,将其厘定为近原地滑塌堆积。为恢复和建立西准噶尔志留纪沉积环境和古地理演化提供可靠依据,也为进一步分析志留纪盆地演化提供了重要佐证。
3.经过沉积相分析得出玛依拉山组从下到上的沉积环境依次为滨岸相临滨亚相—滨岸相前滨亚相—滨岸相临滨亚相—浅海相沉积环境。总体上呈现水体动荡,变化频繁。通过出露于南北两个区域的该组岩层对比,发现岩石中火山碎屑的含量自北向南逐渐减少,且北部第三岩性段上部发育有一套近原地的滑塌堆积岩,而南部未发现此标志层,故推断该区中晚志留世的古地理为北陆南洋的格局。
4.在研究区玛依拉山组中不但常见中、基性火山岩组合,而且地层厚度较大,可达3000余米,化石较为稀少。研究区出露的地层沉积连续性差,变形强烈,显然是活动构造体制下的产物。这一结论为正确确立本区地层层序,恢复西准噶尔志留纪沉积环境、古地理格局及构造分析提供重要的科学依据和参考价值。
This dissertation is object on the sedimentary stratum of Silurian System in the Kuokehada area of Western Junggar, Xinjiang. By studying the rock assemblages, biological fossils, primary structure, grain size analysis, basic stratigraphy specifically, we gained the achievements as follows:
1. Based on the lithologic characters, rock assemblages and marked layers, the Silurian Mayilashan formation is divided into four sections. The first section (S2-3m1) is marine facies which is mainly composed of gray-green tuff fine-grained sandstone and muddy siltstone, the second section (S2-3m2) is marine face which is composed mostly by pebbly rock-fragments sandstone, with the gray-green and dark purple tuff- and muddy-siltstone occur interbedded or as sandwich layers. Some microcrystal limestone distributed on the north of the research area, the third section (S2-3m3) is littoral facies which is characterized by tuff-silt fine sandstone and muddy siltstone, and the fourth part (S2-3m4) is neritic facies which is featured by mostly chert and siliceous siltstone.
2. There is a set of slumped accumulation facies at the upper layer of silurian Mayilashan formation in qia da area, west Junggar, which is redefinition as in-situ slumped accumulation after carefully analyzed the lithologic features, distribution horizon, tectonic deformation and space combination relationship. And the identification could provide reliable evidences to rebuilt the silurian sedimentary environment and paleogeography evolution of the west Junggar, which also offers important evidence for the further analysis of silurian basin evolution.
3. Based on sedimentary facies analysis, we conclude that the sedimentary environments of silurian Mayilashan formation are shoreface deposit-foreshore deposit- shoreface deposit- shallow deposit from bottom to top. It presents characters of frequent change and water unrest on the whole. By contrasting two rock stratas exposed in south and north area, we find that the content of pyroclastic gradually decreased from the north to the south, and we also find a set of proximal slump accumulation rock developed only in the up third lithologic section of north area, but this symbol layer doesn't develop in the south area. So we can infer that paleogeography pattern in Middle-Late Silurian should be ocean in the north and mainland in the south.
4. In our research area, the neutral volcanic rocks and basic volcanic rocks are not common, and the stratum is relatively thick (over 3,000 meters), fossils are relatively rare. Stratums exposed in our research area are poor in sedimentation continuity, and strongly deformed. Apparently, they should be products of active tectonic system. This conclusion provide important scientific basis and reference value in terms of correctly establish the sequence of stratums in our research area, and restore the sedimentary environment and paleogeography pattern in west Junggar basin.
引文
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