工业水网络分析与合成方法的研究
|
摘要
工业水网络的过程集成技术是节能减排的重要手段。以水夹点技术和数学规划法为代表的过程集成技术已于过去二十年间在工业水网络中得到了广泛的研究和应用。
随着水网络集成技术的不断深入发展,一些存在于实际用水网络中的复杂问题开始逐渐受到人们的关注。比如,传统单输入、单输出的再生装置模型已不能描述膜分离等新型废水再生装置,构建基于新的再生装置模型的再生用水网络优化方法成为当前亟待解决的问题;再比如,对于大型工业企业(如石化总厂)的水网络集成,其内部众多装置的操作独立性和空间距离使得柔性设计成为新的关注对象。此外,水在流程工业中不仅是杂质传输的载体,同时也承担着热量传递的任务。考虑热集成的用水网络综合和优化已逐步成为研究的热点。
本论文针对以上不同特征的水网络展开了4个方面的研究工作:(1)水分配网络新鲜水与废水量最小化;(2)基于膜分离类再生装置的水分配网络新鲜水量最小化;(3)多装置用水网络柔性设计;(4)热集成用水网络的优化。具体工作如下:
1.常规水分配网络中不同用水操作、不同目标参数的统一化图形方法的建立。定义夹点浓度,并推导出最小新鲜水量及废水量与夹点浓度的关系。以此为基础合成了反映用水网络水源盈亏情况的总组合曲线,并由此得到最小废水量和新鲜水量。为考虑废水再生情况,提出通过用再生水线和废水线合成废水排放线的方法求解再生情况下的最小新鲜水量。同时,根据总组合曲线得到了废水组合曲线,求得最小废水处理量。从而使得水分配网络中用水、再生和废水处理三个子系统的目标参数能够同时得到。
2.含膜分离类再生装置的再生用水网络最优解求取算法的提出。分别以再生装置入口浓度和再生处理量为自变量,并结合夹点分析,建立了再生用水网络新鲜水量最小化的非线性规划(NLP)数学模型。发现并严格证明了该NLP数学模型最优解的充分和必要条件:(1)再生入口浓度大于或等于所有水源的最大混合浓度;(2)再生处理量达到其对应再生入口浓度下的最大值;(3)系统的夹点出现在某些指定区域。提出了依据最优性充分和必要条件的求解最小新鲜水量的分步算法,与以往的方法相比,能够保证得到最优解。
3.多装置、多周期用水网络优化设计方法的研究。提出一种新的结合夹点原理的数学规划法。首先通过一种新的转运模型来确定单一装置的最小新鲜水用量,再将该转运模型扩展到多装置的情况。此后,通过建立混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型来求解l个CPI情况下的最小总操作费用,并用序贯比较的方法来获得最优的CPI值。最后,通过求解混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型来得到各装置的柔性用水网络。
4.区分混合传热与间接传热的热集成用水网络综合方法的建立。提出新的同时考虑间接传热和混合传热的热集成转运模型,并与用水网络超结构NLP模型结合以求取△T_(min)=0℃时用水网络的公用工程目标。新转运模型与以往的模型相比变量数和约束方程数都大大减少。进一步,针对现有综合方法△T_(min)不可调的局限性,采用改进的换热网络转运模型,提出了区分处理混合传热和间接传热的综合方法。该方法不仅可以得到优化的公用工程费用和换热匹配数,而且与传统的方法相比可以调整△T_(min),得到更合理的换热网络结构。算例表明,结合新转运模型的NLP模型与结合改进转运模型的综合方法都要优于以往的模型和方法。
5.操作可分解情况下热集成用水网络的优化。发现在操作允许分解情况下,系统的总费用具有进一步降低的潜力。将操作不分解情况下的热集成用水网络模型推广到操作分解情况,仍采用目标-设计两步法来求解。提出在第1步的目标函数中包含公用工程的费用和分解的子操作数目,而第2步用水网络的设计则通过求解MINLP数学模型实现。
Water network integration is one of the most efficient technologies for energy saving and pollution reduction.During the past two decades,both the water pinch technology and the mathematical programming method have been frequently discussed and widely applied in the industry.
With the rapid development of water network integration technology,some practical problems are becoming more and more popular.These problems include the optimization of regeneration reuse water networks with membrane units,the flexible design of multiple plant water networks and the optimal design of energy efficient water networks.
This thesis focuses on the optimal solution of the single contaminant water allocation networks with the above mentioned characteristics,the main contents are as follows:
1.A new approach for targeting minimum freshwater and minimum effluent treatment flow rate of a water allocation network is presented.By defining pinch point,the relationship between freshwater consumption and pinch concentration is established first.Then,a grand composite curve based on the concept of Wang and Smith's limiting composite curve is constructed firstly to determine the wastewater line with minimum flow rate.Subsequently,the wastewater line is modified for the case of regeneration-reuse.The minimum treatment target is obtained through a wastewater composite curve,which is generated from the grand composite curve.The proposed approach can be applied to the fixed flow rate as well as the fixed contaminant load problems with a single contaminant.Finally,the reuse,regeneration-reuse and wastewater treatment problems can be solved in a single concentration versus contaminant load diagram.
2.A NLP model for the optimization of regeneration reuse water networks with membrane units is established.The necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal solution of this problem are proved:(1) the regeneration concentration should be larger than the concentration of maximum mixing;(2) the regeneration inlet flow rate should be set at its maximum value corresponding to the concentration;(3) the pinch points of the system are set at particular regions.According to these necessary and sufficient conditions,a step-by-step algorithm to achieve the minimum freshwater usage is also proposed.
3.A design methodology for flexible multiple plant water networks is introduced.By combining pinch insight with mathematical programming,target freshwater usage and cross plant interconnections(CPIs) conditions are obtained firstly without considering the detailed network design.Subsequently,an MILP model is established for the design of flexible water networks of individual plants.The proposed systematic approach can be applied for both fixed contaminant(FC) operations and fixed flowrate (FF) operations,limited to a single contaminant.Example from literature and a practical example of chlor-alkali complex are used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.
4.An optimal design approach for energy efficient water networks is developed.A new kind of NLP model for utility targeting under△T_(min)=0℃is presented which can reduce the number of variables greatly.Moreover,an improved design approach considering the specified△T_(min) is generated.This approach,which treats the direct and indirect heat transfer separately,provides the information to construct the water utilization system as well as the corresponding heat exchanger network without any△T_(min) violation.
5.The design of energy efficient water utilization systems allowing operation split is explored.Practical features such as operating flexibility and capital cost have made the number of sub operations an important parameter of the problem.By treating the direct and indirect heat transfers separately,target freshwater and energy consumption as well as the operation split conditions are first obtained.Subsequently,a mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP) model is established for the design of water network and the heat exchanger network(HEN).The proposed systematic approach is limited to a single contaminant.Example from literature is used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.
随着水网络集成技术的不断深入发展,一些存在于实际用水网络中的复杂问题开始逐渐受到人们的关注。比如,传统单输入、单输出的再生装置模型已不能描述膜分离等新型废水再生装置,构建基于新的再生装置模型的再生用水网络优化方法成为当前亟待解决的问题;再比如,对于大型工业企业(如石化总厂)的水网络集成,其内部众多装置的操作独立性和空间距离使得柔性设计成为新的关注对象。此外,水在流程工业中不仅是杂质传输的载体,同时也承担着热量传递的任务。考虑热集成的用水网络综合和优化已逐步成为研究的热点。
本论文针对以上不同特征的水网络展开了4个方面的研究工作:(1)水分配网络新鲜水与废水量最小化;(2)基于膜分离类再生装置的水分配网络新鲜水量最小化;(3)多装置用水网络柔性设计;(4)热集成用水网络的优化。具体工作如下:
1.常规水分配网络中不同用水操作、不同目标参数的统一化图形方法的建立。定义夹点浓度,并推导出最小新鲜水量及废水量与夹点浓度的关系。以此为基础合成了反映用水网络水源盈亏情况的总组合曲线,并由此得到最小废水量和新鲜水量。为考虑废水再生情况,提出通过用再生水线和废水线合成废水排放线的方法求解再生情况下的最小新鲜水量。同时,根据总组合曲线得到了废水组合曲线,求得最小废水处理量。从而使得水分配网络中用水、再生和废水处理三个子系统的目标参数能够同时得到。
2.含膜分离类再生装置的再生用水网络最优解求取算法的提出。分别以再生装置入口浓度和再生处理量为自变量,并结合夹点分析,建立了再生用水网络新鲜水量最小化的非线性规划(NLP)数学模型。发现并严格证明了该NLP数学模型最优解的充分和必要条件:(1)再生入口浓度大于或等于所有水源的最大混合浓度;(2)再生处理量达到其对应再生入口浓度下的最大值;(3)系统的夹点出现在某些指定区域。提出了依据最优性充分和必要条件的求解最小新鲜水量的分步算法,与以往的方法相比,能够保证得到最优解。
3.多装置、多周期用水网络优化设计方法的研究。提出一种新的结合夹点原理的数学规划法。首先通过一种新的转运模型来确定单一装置的最小新鲜水用量,再将该转运模型扩展到多装置的情况。此后,通过建立混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型来求解l个CPI情况下的最小总操作费用,并用序贯比较的方法来获得最优的CPI值。最后,通过求解混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型来得到各装置的柔性用水网络。
4.区分混合传热与间接传热的热集成用水网络综合方法的建立。提出新的同时考虑间接传热和混合传热的热集成转运模型,并与用水网络超结构NLP模型结合以求取△T_(min)=0℃时用水网络的公用工程目标。新转运模型与以往的模型相比变量数和约束方程数都大大减少。进一步,针对现有综合方法△T_(min)不可调的局限性,采用改进的换热网络转运模型,提出了区分处理混合传热和间接传热的综合方法。该方法不仅可以得到优化的公用工程费用和换热匹配数,而且与传统的方法相比可以调整△T_(min),得到更合理的换热网络结构。算例表明,结合新转运模型的NLP模型与结合改进转运模型的综合方法都要优于以往的模型和方法。
5.操作可分解情况下热集成用水网络的优化。发现在操作允许分解情况下,系统的总费用具有进一步降低的潜力。将操作不分解情况下的热集成用水网络模型推广到操作分解情况,仍采用目标-设计两步法来求解。提出在第1步的目标函数中包含公用工程的费用和分解的子操作数目,而第2步用水网络的设计则通过求解MINLP数学模型实现。
Water network integration is one of the most efficient technologies for energy saving and pollution reduction.During the past two decades,both the water pinch technology and the mathematical programming method have been frequently discussed and widely applied in the industry.
With the rapid development of water network integration technology,some practical problems are becoming more and more popular.These problems include the optimization of regeneration reuse water networks with membrane units,the flexible design of multiple plant water networks and the optimal design of energy efficient water networks.
This thesis focuses on the optimal solution of the single contaminant water allocation networks with the above mentioned characteristics,the main contents are as follows:
1.A new approach for targeting minimum freshwater and minimum effluent treatment flow rate of a water allocation network is presented.By defining pinch point,the relationship between freshwater consumption and pinch concentration is established first.Then,a grand composite curve based on the concept of Wang and Smith's limiting composite curve is constructed firstly to determine the wastewater line with minimum flow rate.Subsequently,the wastewater line is modified for the case of regeneration-reuse.The minimum treatment target is obtained through a wastewater composite curve,which is generated from the grand composite curve.The proposed approach can be applied to the fixed flow rate as well as the fixed contaminant load problems with a single contaminant.Finally,the reuse,regeneration-reuse and wastewater treatment problems can be solved in a single concentration versus contaminant load diagram.
2.A NLP model for the optimization of regeneration reuse water networks with membrane units is established.The necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal solution of this problem are proved:(1) the regeneration concentration should be larger than the concentration of maximum mixing;(2) the regeneration inlet flow rate should be set at its maximum value corresponding to the concentration;(3) the pinch points of the system are set at particular regions.According to these necessary and sufficient conditions,a step-by-step algorithm to achieve the minimum freshwater usage is also proposed.
3.A design methodology for flexible multiple plant water networks is introduced.By combining pinch insight with mathematical programming,target freshwater usage and cross plant interconnections(CPIs) conditions are obtained firstly without considering the detailed network design.Subsequently,an MILP model is established for the design of flexible water networks of individual plants.The proposed systematic approach can be applied for both fixed contaminant(FC) operations and fixed flowrate (FF) operations,limited to a single contaminant.Example from literature and a practical example of chlor-alkali complex are used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.
4.An optimal design approach for energy efficient water networks is developed.A new kind of NLP model for utility targeting under△T_(min)=0℃is presented which can reduce the number of variables greatly.Moreover,an improved design approach considering the specified△T_(min) is generated.This approach,which treats the direct and indirect heat transfer separately,provides the information to construct the water utilization system as well as the corresponding heat exchanger network without any△T_(min) violation.
5.The design of energy efficient water utilization systems allowing operation split is explored.Practical features such as operating flexibility and capital cost have made the number of sub operations an important parameter of the problem.By treating the direct and indirect heat transfers separately,target freshwater and energy consumption as well as the operation split conditions are first obtained.Subsequently,a mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP) model is established for the design of water network and the heat exchanger network(HEN).The proposed systematic approach is limited to a single contaminant.Example from literature is used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.
引文
[1]Bagajewicz,M.A review of recent design procedures for water networks in refineries and process plants Computers & Chemical Engineering 2000 24(9-10)2093-2113
[2]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Wastewater Minimization Chemical Engineering Science 199449(7) 981-1006
[3]El-Halwagi,M.M.;Manousiouthakis,V.Synthesis of mass exchange networks AIChE Journal 1989 35(8) 1233-1243
[4]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Wastewater minimisation with flow rate constraints Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1995 73 889-904
[5]Dhole,V.;Ramchandani,N.;Tainsh,R.;Wasilewski,M.Make Your Process Water Pay for Itself Chemical Engineering 1996(103) 100-103
[6]Hallale,N.A new graphical targeting method for water minimisation Advances in Environmental Research 2002 6(3) 377-390
[7]Manan,Z.;Tan,Y.;Foo,D.Targeting the minimum water flow rate using water cascade analysis technique AIChE Journal 2004 50(12) 3169-3183
[8]El-Halwagi,M.;Gabriel,F.;Harell,D.Rigorous graphical targeting for resource conservation via material recycle/reuse networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2003 42(19) 4319-4328
[9]Prakash,R.;Shenoy,U.Targeting and design of water networks for fixed flowrate and fixed contaminant load operations Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(1)255-268
[10]Agrawal,V.;Shenoy,U.V.Unified conceptual approach to targeting and design of water and hydrogen networks AIChE Journal 2006 52(3) 1071-1082
[11]Bandyopadhyay,S.Source composite curve for waste reduction Chemical Engineering Journal 2006 125(2) 99-110
[12]Bandyopadhyay,S.;Ghanekar,M.D.;Pillai,H.K.Process water management Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(15) 5287-5297
[13]Pillai,H.K.;Bandyopadhyay,S.A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks Chemical Engineering Science 2007 62(22) 6212-6221
[14]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.Targeting multiple water utilities using composite curves Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(18) 5968-5976
[15]Foo,D.C.Y.Water Cascade Analysis for Single and Multiple Impure Fresh Water Feed Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(8) 1169-1177
[16]Shenoy,U.V.;Bandyopadhyay,S.Targeting for multiple resources Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(11) 3698-3708
[17]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.SHARPS:A new cost-screening technique to attain gost-effective minimum water network AIChE Journal 2006 52(11) 3981-3988
[18]Foo,D.C.Y.Flowrate targeting for threshold problems and plant-wide integration for water network synthesis Journal of Environmental Management 2008 88(2)253-274
[19]Mann,J.;Liu,Y.,Industrial water reuse and wastewater minimization.McGraw Hill:New York,1999.
[20]Feng,X.;Bai,J.;Zheng,X.S.On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems Chemical Engineering Science 2007 62(8) 2127-2138
[21]Bai,J.;Feng,X.;Deng,C.Graphically based optimization of single-contaminant regeneration reuse water systems Chemical Engineering Research & Design 200785(A8) 1178-1187
[22]Deng,C.;Feng,X.;Bai,J.Graphically based analysis of water system with zero liquid discharge Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(A2) 165-171
[23]Bandyopadhyay,S.;Cormos,C.C.Water management in process industries incorporating regeneration and recycle through a single treatment unit Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(4) 1111-1119
[24]Ng,D,K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.;Tan,Y.L.Ultimate flowrate targeting with regeneration placement Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(A9)1253-1267
[25]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.;Tan,Y.L.Extension of targeting procedure for "Ultimate Flowrate Targeting with Regeneration Placement" by Ng et al.,Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,85(A9):1253-1267 Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(10) 1182-1186
[26]Kuo,W.;Smith,R.Effluent treatment system design Chemical Engineering Science 1997 52(23) 4273-4290
[27]Kuo,W.;Smith,R.Designing for the interactions between water-use and effluent treatment Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1998 76(A3) 287-301
[28]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.Targeting for total water network.1.Waste stream identification Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(26)9107-9113
[29]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.Targeting for total water network.2.Waste treatment targeting and interactions with water system elements Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(26) 9114-9125
[30]Olesen,S.G.;Polley,G.T.Dealing with plant geography and piping constraints in water network design Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1996 74(B4)273-276
[31]Olesen,S.G.;Policy,G.T.A simple methodology for the design of water networks handling single contaminants Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1997 75(A4) 420-426
[32]Castro,P.;Matos,H.;Fernandes,M.;Nunes,C.Improvements for mass-exchange networks design Chemical Engineering Science 1999 54(11) 1649-1665
[33]Ma,H.;Feng,X.;Cao,K.A rule-based design methodology for water networks with internal water mains Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(A4)431-444
[34]Gomes,J.F.S.;Queiroz,E.M.;Pessoa,F.L.P.Design procedure for water/wastewater minimization:single contaminant Journal of Cleaner Production 2007 15(5) 474-485
[35]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.On the optimality conditions of water utilization systems in process plants with single contaminants Chemical Engineering Science 2000 55(21) 5035-5048
[36]El-Halwagi,M.M.,Pollution Prevention Through Process Integration:Systematic Design Tools.Academic Press:San Diego,1997.
[37]Prakash,R.;Shenoy,U.V.Design and evolution of water networks by source shifts Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(7) 2089-2093
[38]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.Evolution of water network using improved source shift algorithm and water path analysis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(24) 8095-8104
[39]Alwi,S.R.W.;Marian,Z.A.Generic graphical technique for simultaneous targeting and design of water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(8) 2762-2777
[40]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.;Samingin,M.H.;Misran,N.A holistic framework for design of cost-effective minimum water utilization network Journal of Environmental Management 2008 88(2) 219-252
[41]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.Retrofit of water network with optimization of existing regeneration units Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(22)7592-7602
[42]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.A new systematic technique for retrofit of water network International Journal of Environment and Pollution 2008 32(4) 519-526
[43]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.;Foo,D.C.Y.Retrofit of water network with regeneration using water pinch analysis Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2007 85(B4) 305-317
[44]Relvas,S.;Matos,H.A.;Fernandes,M.C.;Castro,P.;Nunes,C.P.AquoMin:A software tool for Mass-Exchange Networks targeting and design Computers &Chemical Engineering 2008 32(6) 1085-1105
[45]Takama,N.;Kuriyama,T.;Shiroko,K.;Umeda,T.Optimal water allocation in a petroleum refinery Computers & Chemical Engineering 1980 4 251-258
[46]Doyle,S.J.;Smith,R.Targeting water reuse with multiple contaminants Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1997 75(B3) 181-189
[47]Alva-Argaez,A.;Kokossis,A.C.;Smith,R.Wastewater minimisation of industrial systems using an integrated approach Computers & Chemical Engineering 1998 22 S741-S744
[48]Huang,C.H.;Chang,C.T.;Ling,H.C.;Chang,C.C.A mathematical programming model for water usage and treatment network design Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 1999 38(7) 2666-2679
[49]Yang,Y.H.;Lou,H.H.;Huang,Y.L.Synthesis of an optimal wastewater reuse network Waste Management 2000 20(4) 311-319
[50]Savelski,M.J.;Bagajewicz,M.J.Algorithmic procedure to design water utilization systems featuring a single contaminant in process plants Chemical Engineering Science 2001 56(5) 1897-1911
[51]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.Design of water utilization systems in process plants with a single contaminant Waste Management 2000 20(8) 659-664
[52]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.On the necessary conditions of optimality of water utilization systems in process plants with multiple contaminants Chemical Engineering Science 2003 58(23-24) 5349-5362
[53]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Rivas,M.;Savelski,M.J.A robust method to obtain optimal and sub-optimal design and retrofit solutions of water utilization systems with multiple contaminants in process plants Computers & Chemical Engineering 2000 24(2-7)1461-1466
[54]胡仰栋;徐冬梅;华贲;韩方煜 逐步线性规划法求解废水最小化问题 化工学报 2002 53(1)66-71
[55]李保红;费维扬 分阶段线性规划法快速设计含有多种污染物的用水网络 纪工学报 2005 56(2)285-290
[56]Alva-Argaez,A.;Vallianatos,A.;Kokossis,A.A multi-contaminant transhipment model for mass exchange networks and wastewater minimisation problems Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(10) 1439-1453
[57]李英;姚平经 水夹点分析与数学规划法相结合的用水网络优化设计 化工学报 2004 55(2)220-225
[58]Jacob,J.;Kaipe,H.;Couderc,F.;Paris,J.Water network analysis in pulp and paper processes by pinch and linear programming techniques Chemical Engineering Communications 2002 189(2) 184-206
[59]Feng,X.;Seider,W.New structure and design methodology for water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(26) 6140-6146
[60]Wang,B.;Feng,X.;Zhang,Z.X.A design methodology for multiple-contaminant water networks with single internal water main Computers & Chemical Engineering 2003 27(7) 903-911
[61]Cao,D.;Feng,X.;Duan,X.Design of water network with internal mains for.multi-contaminant wastewater regeneration recycle Chemical Engineering Research &Design 2004 82(A10) 1331-1336
[62]Liu,Y.Z.;Duan,H.T.;Feng,X.The design of water-reusing network with a hybrid structure through mathematical programming Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2008 16(1) 1-10
[63]Wang,D.;Yang,F.;Zhang,X.Algorithmic Procedure to Design Water Utilization Systems Featuring Multiple Contaminants in Process Plants Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005(03)
[64]Zheng,X.S.;Feng,X.;Shen,R.J.;Seider,W.D.Design of optimal water-using networks with internal water mains Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(25) 8413-8420
[65]王东明;杨凤林;张兴文 具有中水道的过程工业水网络设计方法 纪工学报2005(06)
[66]Feng,X.;Chu,K.H.Cost optimization of industrial wastewater reuse systems Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2004 82(B3) 249-255
[67]Lim,S.R.;Park,D.;Park,J.M.Synthesis of an economically friendly water network system by maximizing net present value Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(21) 6936-6943
[68]Lim,S.R.;Park,J.M.Environmental and economic analysis of a water network system using LCA and LCC AIChE Journal 2007 53(12) 3253-3262
[69]Lim,S.R.;Park,J.M.Synthesis of an environmentally friendly water network system Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(6) 1988-1994
[70]Brooke,A.;Kendrick,D.;Meeraus,A.;Raman,R.,GAMS.a user's guide.GAMS Development Corporation:Washington,DC,1998.
[71]Prakotpol,D.;Srinophakun,T.GAPinch:genetic algorithm toolbox for water pinch technology Chemical Engineering and Processing 2004 43(2) 203-217
[72]Keedwell,E.;Khu,S.A hybrid genetic algorithm for the design of water distribution networks Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2005 18(4)461-472
[73]Shafiei,S.;Domenech,S.;Koteles,R.;Paris,J.System closure in pulp and paper mills:network analysis by genetic algorithm Journal of Cleaner Production 2004 12(2)131-135
[74]Tsai,M.J.;Chang,C.T.Water usage and treatment network design using genetic algorithms Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(22) 4874-4888
[75]都健;王洪卫;孟小琼;李英;姚平经 基于混合优化算法的多杂质废水回用网络的优化设计 石油学报(石油加工)2005 21(1)68-75
[76]Cao,K.;Feng,X.;Ma,H.Pinch multi-agent genetic algorithm for optimizing water-using networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 2007 31(12) 1565-1575
[77]Luo,Y.;Uan,X.Global Optimization for the Synthesis of Integrated Water Systems with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2008 16(1) 11-15
[78]Luo,Y.Q.;Yuan,X.G.;Liu,Y.J.An improved PSO algorithm for solving non-convex NLP/MINLP problems with equality constraints Computers & Chemical Engineering 2007 31(3) 153-162
[79]Tan,R.R.;Col-Long,K.J.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Hul,S.;Ng,D.K.S.A methodology for the design of efficient resource conservation networks using adaptive swarm intelligence Journal of Cleaner Production 2008 16(7) 822-832
[80]刘永健;罗祎青;袁希钢 基于粒子群优化算法的分散式废水处理网络的综合 天津大学学按 2006 39(1)16-20
[81]李英.废水最小化的过程集成方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2003.
[82]高瑛.废物最小化为目标的质量集成方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2001.
[83]李保红.水分配网络设计与改造方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,
[84]Karuppiah,R.;Grossmann,I.E.Global optimization for the synthesis of integrated water systems in chemical processes Computers & Chemical Engineering 2006 30(4) 650-673
[85]Kairuppiah,R.;Grossmann,I.E.Global optimization of multiscenario mixed integer nonlinear programming models arising in the synthesis of integrated water networks under uncertainty Computers & Chemical Engineering 2008 32(1-2)145-160
[86]Feng,X.;Bai,J.;Wang,H.;Zheng,X.Grass-roots design of regeneration recycling water networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 2008 32(8) 1892-1907
[87]Li,B.H.;Chang,C.T.A simple and efficient initialization strategy for optimizing water-using network designs Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 200746(25) 8781-8786
[88]Alva-Argaez,A.;Kokossis,A.C.;Smith,R.The design of water-using systems in petroleum refining using a water-pinch decomposition Chemical Engineering Journal 2007 128(1) 33-46
[89]Koppol,A.R.;Bagajewicz,M.J.;Dericks,B.J.;Savelski,M.J.On zero water discharge solutions in the process industry Advances in Environmental Research 20048(2) 151-171
[90]Zbontar,L.;Glavic,P.Total site:wastewater minimization- Wastewater reuse and regeneration reuse Resources Conservation and Recycling 2000 30(4) 261-275
[91]李英;姚平经 炼油厂废水的最小化 石油学报(石油加工)2003 19(4)57-63
[92]Dilek,F.B.;Yetis,U.;Gokcay,C.F.Water savings and sludge minimization in a beet-sugar factory through re-design of the wastewater treatment facility Journal of Cleaner Production 2003 11(3) 327-331
[93]Majozi,T.;Brouckaert,C.J.;Buckley,C.A.A graphical technique for wastewater minimisation in batch processes Journal of Environmental Management 2006 78(4)317-329
[94]Ujang,Z.;Wong,C.L.;Manan,Z.A.Industrial wastewater minimization using water pinch analysis:a case study on an old textile plant Water Science and Technology 2002 46(11-12) 77-84
[95]Zhou,Q.;Lou,H.H.;Huang,Y.L.Design of a switchable water allocation network based on process dynamics Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(22) 4866-4873
[96]Forstmeier,M.;Goers,B.;Wozny,G.Water network optimisation in the process industry-case study of a liquid detergent plant Journal of Cleaner Production 200513(5) 495-498
[97]Noureldin,M.B.;E1-Halwagi,M.M.Interval-based targeting for pollution prevention via mass integration Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(10)1527-1543
[98]Liao,Z.W.;Wu,J.T.;Jiang,B.B.;Wang,J.D.;Yang,Y.R.Design methodology for flexible multiple plant water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(14) 4954-4963
[99]Zheng,P.Y.;Feng,X.;Qian,F.;Cao,D.L.Water system integration of a chemical plant Energy Conversion and Management 2006 47(15-16) 2470-2478
[100]Feng,X.;Wang,N.;Chen,E.Water system integration in a catalyst plant Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2006 84(A8) 645-651
[101]Tian,J.R.;Zhou,P.J.;Lv,B.A process integration approach to industrial water conservation:A case study for a Chinese steel plant Journal of Environmental Management 2008 86(4) 682-687
[102]刘宝碇,随机规划与模糊规划.清华大学出版社:北京,1998.
[103]Aaltola,J.Simultaneous synthesis of flexible heat exchanger network Applied Thermal Engineering 2002 22(8) 907-918
[104]Bhatia,T.K.;Biegler,L.T.Multiperiod design and planning with interior point methods Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(7) 919-932
[105]Papalexandri,K.P.;Pistikopoulos,E.N.Synthesis and retrofit design of operable heat exchanger networks.1.Flexibility and structural controllability aspects Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1994 33(7) 1718-1737
[106]Papalexandri,K.P.;Pistikopoulos,E.N.Synthesis and retrofit design of operable heat exchanger networks.2.Dynamics and control structure considerations Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1994 33(7) 1738-1755
[107]Tantimuratha,L.;Asteris,G.;Antonopoulos,D.K.;Kokossis,A.C.A conceptual programming approach for the design of flexible HENs Computers & Chemical Engineering 2001 25(4-6) 887-892
[108]Varvarezos,D.K.;Biegler,L.T.;Grossmann,I.E.Multi-period design optimization with sqp decomposition Computers & Chemical Engineering 1994 18(7)579-595
[109]Tan,R.R.;Cruz,D.E.Synthesis of robust water reuse networks for single-component retrofit problems using symmetric fuzzy linear programming Computers & Chemical Engineering 2004 28(12) 2547-2551
[110]Al-Redhwan,S.A.;Crittender,B.D.;Lababidi,H.M.S.Wastewater minimization under uncertain operational conditions Computers & Chemical Engineering 2005 29(5) 1009-1021
[111]Savulescu,L.;Kim,J.;Smith,R.Studies on simultaneous energy and water minimisation-Part Ⅰ:Systems with no water re-use Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(12) 3279-3290
[112]Savulescu,L.;Kim,J.;Smith,R.Studies on simultaneous energy and water minimisation-Part Ⅱ:Systems with maximum re-use of water Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(12) 3291-3308
[113]Savulescu,L.;Smith,R.In simultaneous energy and water minimisation,AIChE annual meeting,miami,1998;miami,1998.
[114]Savulescu,L.;Sorin,M.;Smith,R.Direct and indirect heat transfer in water network systems Applied Thermal Engineering 2002 22(8) 981-988
[115]Sorin,M.;Savulescu,L.On minimization of the number of heat exchangers in water networks Heat Transfer Engineering 2004 25(5) 30-38
[116]Bagajewicz,M.;Rodera,H.;Savelski,M.Energy efficient water utilization systems in process plants Computers & Chemical Engineering 2002 26(1) 59-79
[117]Du,J.;Meng,X.;Du,H.;Yu,H.;Fan,X.;Yao,P.Optimal design of water utilization network with energy integration in process industries Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2004 12(2) 247-255
[118]都健.考虑能量集成与柔性的用水网络设计方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2004.
[119]郑雪松.不同结构水网络数学模型的建立与优化.[学位论文],西安交通大学,西安,2005.
[120]徐冬梅.用水网络优化设计的研究.[学位论文],中国海洋大学,青岛,2004.
[121]Leewongtanawit,b.;Kim,j.In Process Integration for Simultaneous Water and Energy Minimization,national meeting,New Orleans,USA,2004;New Orleans,USA,2004.
[122]Zheng,X.S.;Feng,X.;Cao,D.L.In Design water allocation network with minimum freshwater and energy consumption,Process Systems Engineering 2003,Pts AAnd B,2003;2003;pp 388-393.
[123]都健;孟小琼;樊希山;姚平经 用能与用水同时最小化过程综合方法研究大连理工大学学报 2003 43(2)141-146
[124]Leewongtanawit,b.;Kim,j.In Automated Design for Efficient Use of Energy in Water Systems,National Meeting,New Orleans,USA,2004;New Orleans,USA,2004.
[125]Leewongwanawit,B.;Kim,J.K.;Smith,R.In Design and optimisation of combined water and energy systems,European Symposium On Computer-Aided Process Engineering-14,2004;2004;pp 439-444.
[126]Dong,H.-G.;Lin,C.-Y.;Chang,C.-T.Simultaneous optimization strategy for synthesizing heat exchanger networks with multi-stream mixers Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(3) 299-309
[127]Dong,H.-G.;Lin,C.-Y.;Chang,C.-T.Simultaneous optimization approach for integrated water-allocation and heat-exchange networks Chemical Engineering Science 2008 63(14) 3664-3678
[128]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Manousiouthakis,V.On the mass/heat exchanger network representations of distillation networks AIChE Journal 1992 38 1769
[129]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Pham,R.;Manousiouthakis,V.On the state space approach to mass/heat exchanger network design Chemical Engineering Science 1998 53(14)2595-2621
[130]Feng,X.;Li,Y.;Yu,X.Improving Energy Performance of Water Allocation Networks Through Appropriate Stream Merging Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2008 16(3) 480-484
[131]Policy,G.;Polley,H.Design better water networks Chemical Engineering Progress 2000 96(2) 47-52
[132]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Design of distributed effluent treatment systems Chemical Engineering Science 1994 49(18) 3127-3145
[133]Alves,J.J.Analysis and design of refinery hydrogen distribution systems.Ph.D.thesis,UMIST,1999.
[134]Hallale,N.;Moore,I.;Vauk,D.Hydrogen:Liability or asset? Chemical Engineering Progress 2002 98(9) 66-75
[135]Foo,D.C.Y.;Manan,Z.A.Setting the minimum utility gas flowrate targets using cascade analysis technique Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 200645(17) 5986-5995
[136]Floudas,C.A.;Grossmann,I.E.Synthesis of flexible heat exchanger networks with uncertain flowrates and temperatures Computers & Chemical Engineering 198711 319-336
[137]Kotjabasakis,E.;Linnhoff,B.Sensitivity tables for the design of flexible processes Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1986 64 197-211
[138]Papoulias,S.;Grossmann,I.a structural optimization approach in process synthesis-IIheat recovery networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 1983 7(6)707-721
[139]Viswanathan,J.;Grossmann,I.A combined penalty function and outer-approximation method for MINLP optimization Computers & Chemical Engineering 1990 14 769-782
[140]Kuo,W.C.J.;Smith,R.Design of water-using systems involving regeneratioan Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1998 76(B2) 94-114
[141]徐冬梅;胡仰栋;华贲;王修林 含再生再利用的用水网络的优化设计 高校化学工程学报 2004(02)
[2]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Wastewater Minimization Chemical Engineering Science 199449(7) 981-1006
[3]El-Halwagi,M.M.;Manousiouthakis,V.Synthesis of mass exchange networks AIChE Journal 1989 35(8) 1233-1243
[4]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Wastewater minimisation with flow rate constraints Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1995 73 889-904
[5]Dhole,V.;Ramchandani,N.;Tainsh,R.;Wasilewski,M.Make Your Process Water Pay for Itself Chemical Engineering 1996(103) 100-103
[6]Hallale,N.A new graphical targeting method for water minimisation Advances in Environmental Research 2002 6(3) 377-390
[7]Manan,Z.;Tan,Y.;Foo,D.Targeting the minimum water flow rate using water cascade analysis technique AIChE Journal 2004 50(12) 3169-3183
[8]El-Halwagi,M.;Gabriel,F.;Harell,D.Rigorous graphical targeting for resource conservation via material recycle/reuse networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2003 42(19) 4319-4328
[9]Prakash,R.;Shenoy,U.Targeting and design of water networks for fixed flowrate and fixed contaminant load operations Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(1)255-268
[10]Agrawal,V.;Shenoy,U.V.Unified conceptual approach to targeting and design of water and hydrogen networks AIChE Journal 2006 52(3) 1071-1082
[11]Bandyopadhyay,S.Source composite curve for waste reduction Chemical Engineering Journal 2006 125(2) 99-110
[12]Bandyopadhyay,S.;Ghanekar,M.D.;Pillai,H.K.Process water management Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(15) 5287-5297
[13]Pillai,H.K.;Bandyopadhyay,S.A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks Chemical Engineering Science 2007 62(22) 6212-6221
[14]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.Targeting multiple water utilities using composite curves Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(18) 5968-5976
[15]Foo,D.C.Y.Water Cascade Analysis for Single and Multiple Impure Fresh Water Feed Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(8) 1169-1177
[16]Shenoy,U.V.;Bandyopadhyay,S.Targeting for multiple resources Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(11) 3698-3708
[17]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.SHARPS:A new cost-screening technique to attain gost-effective minimum water network AIChE Journal 2006 52(11) 3981-3988
[18]Foo,D.C.Y.Flowrate targeting for threshold problems and plant-wide integration for water network synthesis Journal of Environmental Management 2008 88(2)253-274
[19]Mann,J.;Liu,Y.,Industrial water reuse and wastewater minimization.McGraw Hill:New York,1999.
[20]Feng,X.;Bai,J.;Zheng,X.S.On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems Chemical Engineering Science 2007 62(8) 2127-2138
[21]Bai,J.;Feng,X.;Deng,C.Graphically based optimization of single-contaminant regeneration reuse water systems Chemical Engineering Research & Design 200785(A8) 1178-1187
[22]Deng,C.;Feng,X.;Bai,J.Graphically based analysis of water system with zero liquid discharge Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(A2) 165-171
[23]Bandyopadhyay,S.;Cormos,C.C.Water management in process industries incorporating regeneration and recycle through a single treatment unit Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(4) 1111-1119
[24]Ng,D,K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.;Tan,Y.L.Ultimate flowrate targeting with regeneration placement Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(A9)1253-1267
[25]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.;Tan,Y.L.Extension of targeting procedure for "Ultimate Flowrate Targeting with Regeneration Placement" by Ng et al.,Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,85(A9):1253-1267 Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(10) 1182-1186
[26]Kuo,W.;Smith,R.Effluent treatment system design Chemical Engineering Science 1997 52(23) 4273-4290
[27]Kuo,W.;Smith,R.Designing for the interactions between water-use and effluent treatment Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1998 76(A3) 287-301
[28]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.Targeting for total water network.1.Waste stream identification Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(26)9107-9113
[29]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Tan,R.R.Targeting for total water network.2.Waste treatment targeting and interactions with water system elements Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(26) 9114-9125
[30]Olesen,S.G.;Polley,G.T.Dealing with plant geography and piping constraints in water network design Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1996 74(B4)273-276
[31]Olesen,S.G.;Policy,G.T.A simple methodology for the design of water networks handling single contaminants Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1997 75(A4) 420-426
[32]Castro,P.;Matos,H.;Fernandes,M.;Nunes,C.Improvements for mass-exchange networks design Chemical Engineering Science 1999 54(11) 1649-1665
[33]Ma,H.;Feng,X.;Cao,K.A rule-based design methodology for water networks with internal water mains Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2007 85(A4)431-444
[34]Gomes,J.F.S.;Queiroz,E.M.;Pessoa,F.L.P.Design procedure for water/wastewater minimization:single contaminant Journal of Cleaner Production 2007 15(5) 474-485
[35]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.On the optimality conditions of water utilization systems in process plants with single contaminants Chemical Engineering Science 2000 55(21) 5035-5048
[36]El-Halwagi,M.M.,Pollution Prevention Through Process Integration:Systematic Design Tools.Academic Press:San Diego,1997.
[37]Prakash,R.;Shenoy,U.V.Design and evolution of water networks by source shifts Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(7) 2089-2093
[38]Ng,D.K.S.;Foo,D.C.Y.Evolution of water network using improved source shift algorithm and water path analysis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(24) 8095-8104
[39]Alwi,S.R.W.;Marian,Z.A.Generic graphical technique for simultaneous targeting and design of water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(8) 2762-2777
[40]Alwi,S.R.W.;Manan,Z.A.;Samingin,M.H.;Misran,N.A holistic framework for design of cost-effective minimum water utilization network Journal of Environmental Management 2008 88(2) 219-252
[41]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.Retrofit of water network with optimization of existing regeneration units Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(22)7592-7602
[42]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.A new systematic technique for retrofit of water network International Journal of Environment and Pollution 2008 32(4) 519-526
[43]Tan,Y.L.;Manan,Z.A.;Foo,D.C.Y.Retrofit of water network with regeneration using water pinch analysis Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2007 85(B4) 305-317
[44]Relvas,S.;Matos,H.A.;Fernandes,M.C.;Castro,P.;Nunes,C.P.AquoMin:A software tool for Mass-Exchange Networks targeting and design Computers &Chemical Engineering 2008 32(6) 1085-1105
[45]Takama,N.;Kuriyama,T.;Shiroko,K.;Umeda,T.Optimal water allocation in a petroleum refinery Computers & Chemical Engineering 1980 4 251-258
[46]Doyle,S.J.;Smith,R.Targeting water reuse with multiple contaminants Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1997 75(B3) 181-189
[47]Alva-Argaez,A.;Kokossis,A.C.;Smith,R.Wastewater minimisation of industrial systems using an integrated approach Computers & Chemical Engineering 1998 22 S741-S744
[48]Huang,C.H.;Chang,C.T.;Ling,H.C.;Chang,C.C.A mathematical programming model for water usage and treatment network design Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research 1999 38(7) 2666-2679
[49]Yang,Y.H.;Lou,H.H.;Huang,Y.L.Synthesis of an optimal wastewater reuse network Waste Management 2000 20(4) 311-319
[50]Savelski,M.J.;Bagajewicz,M.J.Algorithmic procedure to design water utilization systems featuring a single contaminant in process plants Chemical Engineering Science 2001 56(5) 1897-1911
[51]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.Design of water utilization systems in process plants with a single contaminant Waste Management 2000 20(8) 659-664
[52]Savelski,M.;Bagajewicz,M.On the necessary conditions of optimality of water utilization systems in process plants with multiple contaminants Chemical Engineering Science 2003 58(23-24) 5349-5362
[53]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Rivas,M.;Savelski,M.J.A robust method to obtain optimal and sub-optimal design and retrofit solutions of water utilization systems with multiple contaminants in process plants Computers & Chemical Engineering 2000 24(2-7)1461-1466
[54]胡仰栋;徐冬梅;华贲;韩方煜 逐步线性规划法求解废水最小化问题 化工学报 2002 53(1)66-71
[55]李保红;费维扬 分阶段线性规划法快速设计含有多种污染物的用水网络 纪工学报 2005 56(2)285-290
[56]Alva-Argaez,A.;Vallianatos,A.;Kokossis,A.A multi-contaminant transhipment model for mass exchange networks and wastewater minimisation problems Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(10) 1439-1453
[57]李英;姚平经 水夹点分析与数学规划法相结合的用水网络优化设计 化工学报 2004 55(2)220-225
[58]Jacob,J.;Kaipe,H.;Couderc,F.;Paris,J.Water network analysis in pulp and paper processes by pinch and linear programming techniques Chemical Engineering Communications 2002 189(2) 184-206
[59]Feng,X.;Seider,W.New structure and design methodology for water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(26) 6140-6146
[60]Wang,B.;Feng,X.;Zhang,Z.X.A design methodology for multiple-contaminant water networks with single internal water main Computers & Chemical Engineering 2003 27(7) 903-911
[61]Cao,D.;Feng,X.;Duan,X.Design of water network with internal mains for.multi-contaminant wastewater regeneration recycle Chemical Engineering Research &Design 2004 82(A10) 1331-1336
[62]Liu,Y.Z.;Duan,H.T.;Feng,X.The design of water-reusing network with a hybrid structure through mathematical programming Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2008 16(1) 1-10
[63]Wang,D.;Yang,F.;Zhang,X.Algorithmic Procedure to Design Water Utilization Systems Featuring Multiple Contaminants in Process Plants Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005(03)
[64]Zheng,X.S.;Feng,X.;Shen,R.J.;Seider,W.D.Design of optimal water-using networks with internal water mains Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2006 45(25) 8413-8420
[65]王东明;杨凤林;张兴文 具有中水道的过程工业水网络设计方法 纪工学报2005(06)
[66]Feng,X.;Chu,K.H.Cost optimization of industrial wastewater reuse systems Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2004 82(B3) 249-255
[67]Lim,S.R.;Park,D.;Park,J.M.Synthesis of an economically friendly water network system by maximizing net present value Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(21) 6936-6943
[68]Lim,S.R.;Park,J.M.Environmental and economic analysis of a water network system using LCA and LCC AIChE Journal 2007 53(12) 3253-3262
[69]Lim,S.R.;Park,J.M.Synthesis of an environmentally friendly water network system Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 47(6) 1988-1994
[70]Brooke,A.;Kendrick,D.;Meeraus,A.;Raman,R.,GAMS.a user's guide.GAMS Development Corporation:Washington,DC,1998.
[71]Prakotpol,D.;Srinophakun,T.GAPinch:genetic algorithm toolbox for water pinch technology Chemical Engineering and Processing 2004 43(2) 203-217
[72]Keedwell,E.;Khu,S.A hybrid genetic algorithm for the design of water distribution networks Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2005 18(4)461-472
[73]Shafiei,S.;Domenech,S.;Koteles,R.;Paris,J.System closure in pulp and paper mills:network analysis by genetic algorithm Journal of Cleaner Production 2004 12(2)131-135
[74]Tsai,M.J.;Chang,C.T.Water usage and treatment network design using genetic algorithms Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(22) 4874-4888
[75]都健;王洪卫;孟小琼;李英;姚平经 基于混合优化算法的多杂质废水回用网络的优化设计 石油学报(石油加工)2005 21(1)68-75
[76]Cao,K.;Feng,X.;Ma,H.Pinch multi-agent genetic algorithm for optimizing water-using networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 2007 31(12) 1565-1575
[77]Luo,Y.;Uan,X.Global Optimization for the Synthesis of Integrated Water Systems with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2008 16(1) 11-15
[78]Luo,Y.Q.;Yuan,X.G.;Liu,Y.J.An improved PSO algorithm for solving non-convex NLP/MINLP problems with equality constraints Computers & Chemical Engineering 2007 31(3) 153-162
[79]Tan,R.R.;Col-Long,K.J.;Foo,D.C.Y.;Hul,S.;Ng,D.K.S.A methodology for the design of efficient resource conservation networks using adaptive swarm intelligence Journal of Cleaner Production 2008 16(7) 822-832
[80]刘永健;罗祎青;袁希钢 基于粒子群优化算法的分散式废水处理网络的综合 天津大学学按 2006 39(1)16-20
[81]李英.废水最小化的过程集成方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2003.
[82]高瑛.废物最小化为目标的质量集成方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2001.
[83]李保红.水分配网络设计与改造方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,
[84]Karuppiah,R.;Grossmann,I.E.Global optimization for the synthesis of integrated water systems in chemical processes Computers & Chemical Engineering 2006 30(4) 650-673
[85]Kairuppiah,R.;Grossmann,I.E.Global optimization of multiscenario mixed integer nonlinear programming models arising in the synthesis of integrated water networks under uncertainty Computers & Chemical Engineering 2008 32(1-2)145-160
[86]Feng,X.;Bai,J.;Wang,H.;Zheng,X.Grass-roots design of regeneration recycling water networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 2008 32(8) 1892-1907
[87]Li,B.H.;Chang,C.T.A simple and efficient initialization strategy for optimizing water-using network designs Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 200746(25) 8781-8786
[88]Alva-Argaez,A.;Kokossis,A.C.;Smith,R.The design of water-using systems in petroleum refining using a water-pinch decomposition Chemical Engineering Journal 2007 128(1) 33-46
[89]Koppol,A.R.;Bagajewicz,M.J.;Dericks,B.J.;Savelski,M.J.On zero water discharge solutions in the process industry Advances in Environmental Research 20048(2) 151-171
[90]Zbontar,L.;Glavic,P.Total site:wastewater minimization- Wastewater reuse and regeneration reuse Resources Conservation and Recycling 2000 30(4) 261-275
[91]李英;姚平经 炼油厂废水的最小化 石油学报(石油加工)2003 19(4)57-63
[92]Dilek,F.B.;Yetis,U.;Gokcay,C.F.Water savings and sludge minimization in a beet-sugar factory through re-design of the wastewater treatment facility Journal of Cleaner Production 2003 11(3) 327-331
[93]Majozi,T.;Brouckaert,C.J.;Buckley,C.A.A graphical technique for wastewater minimisation in batch processes Journal of Environmental Management 2006 78(4)317-329
[94]Ujang,Z.;Wong,C.L.;Manan,Z.A.Industrial wastewater minimization using water pinch analysis:a case study on an old textile plant Water Science and Technology 2002 46(11-12) 77-84
[95]Zhou,Q.;Lou,H.H.;Huang,Y.L.Design of a switchable water allocation network based on process dynamics Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001 40(22) 4866-4873
[96]Forstmeier,M.;Goers,B.;Wozny,G.Water network optimisation in the process industry-case study of a liquid detergent plant Journal of Cleaner Production 200513(5) 495-498
[97]Noureldin,M.B.;E1-Halwagi,M.M.Interval-based targeting for pollution prevention via mass integration Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(10)1527-1543
[98]Liao,Z.W.;Wu,J.T.;Jiang,B.B.;Wang,J.D.;Yang,Y.R.Design methodology for flexible multiple plant water networks Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2007 46(14) 4954-4963
[99]Zheng,P.Y.;Feng,X.;Qian,F.;Cao,D.L.Water system integration of a chemical plant Energy Conversion and Management 2006 47(15-16) 2470-2478
[100]Feng,X.;Wang,N.;Chen,E.Water system integration in a catalyst plant Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2006 84(A8) 645-651
[101]Tian,J.R.;Zhou,P.J.;Lv,B.A process integration approach to industrial water conservation:A case study for a Chinese steel plant Journal of Environmental Management 2008 86(4) 682-687
[102]刘宝碇,随机规划与模糊规划.清华大学出版社:北京,1998.
[103]Aaltola,J.Simultaneous synthesis of flexible heat exchanger network Applied Thermal Engineering 2002 22(8) 907-918
[104]Bhatia,T.K.;Biegler,L.T.Multiperiod design and planning with interior point methods Computers & Chemical Engineering 1999 23(7) 919-932
[105]Papalexandri,K.P.;Pistikopoulos,E.N.Synthesis and retrofit design of operable heat exchanger networks.1.Flexibility and structural controllability aspects Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1994 33(7) 1718-1737
[106]Papalexandri,K.P.;Pistikopoulos,E.N.Synthesis and retrofit design of operable heat exchanger networks.2.Dynamics and control structure considerations Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1994 33(7) 1738-1755
[107]Tantimuratha,L.;Asteris,G.;Antonopoulos,D.K.;Kokossis,A.C.A conceptual programming approach for the design of flexible HENs Computers & Chemical Engineering 2001 25(4-6) 887-892
[108]Varvarezos,D.K.;Biegler,L.T.;Grossmann,I.E.Multi-period design optimization with sqp decomposition Computers & Chemical Engineering 1994 18(7)579-595
[109]Tan,R.R.;Cruz,D.E.Synthesis of robust water reuse networks for single-component retrofit problems using symmetric fuzzy linear programming Computers & Chemical Engineering 2004 28(12) 2547-2551
[110]Al-Redhwan,S.A.;Crittender,B.D.;Lababidi,H.M.S.Wastewater minimization under uncertain operational conditions Computers & Chemical Engineering 2005 29(5) 1009-1021
[111]Savulescu,L.;Kim,J.;Smith,R.Studies on simultaneous energy and water minimisation-Part Ⅰ:Systems with no water re-use Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(12) 3279-3290
[112]Savulescu,L.;Kim,J.;Smith,R.Studies on simultaneous energy and water minimisation-Part Ⅱ:Systems with maximum re-use of water Chemical Engineering Science 2005 60(12) 3291-3308
[113]Savulescu,L.;Smith,R.In simultaneous energy and water minimisation,AIChE annual meeting,miami,1998;miami,1998.
[114]Savulescu,L.;Sorin,M.;Smith,R.Direct and indirect heat transfer in water network systems Applied Thermal Engineering 2002 22(8) 981-988
[115]Sorin,M.;Savulescu,L.On minimization of the number of heat exchangers in water networks Heat Transfer Engineering 2004 25(5) 30-38
[116]Bagajewicz,M.;Rodera,H.;Savelski,M.Energy efficient water utilization systems in process plants Computers & Chemical Engineering 2002 26(1) 59-79
[117]Du,J.;Meng,X.;Du,H.;Yu,H.;Fan,X.;Yao,P.Optimal design of water utilization network with energy integration in process industries Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2004 12(2) 247-255
[118]都健.考虑能量集成与柔性的用水网络设计方法研究.[学位论文],大连理工大学,大连,2004.
[119]郑雪松.不同结构水网络数学模型的建立与优化.[学位论文],西安交通大学,西安,2005.
[120]徐冬梅.用水网络优化设计的研究.[学位论文],中国海洋大学,青岛,2004.
[121]Leewongtanawit,b.;Kim,j.In Process Integration for Simultaneous Water and Energy Minimization,national meeting,New Orleans,USA,2004;New Orleans,USA,2004.
[122]Zheng,X.S.;Feng,X.;Cao,D.L.In Design water allocation network with minimum freshwater and energy consumption,Process Systems Engineering 2003,Pts AAnd B,2003;2003;pp 388-393.
[123]都健;孟小琼;樊希山;姚平经 用能与用水同时最小化过程综合方法研究大连理工大学学报 2003 43(2)141-146
[124]Leewongtanawit,b.;Kim,j.In Automated Design for Efficient Use of Energy in Water Systems,National Meeting,New Orleans,USA,2004;New Orleans,USA,2004.
[125]Leewongwanawit,B.;Kim,J.K.;Smith,R.In Design and optimisation of combined water and energy systems,European Symposium On Computer-Aided Process Engineering-14,2004;2004;pp 439-444.
[126]Dong,H.-G.;Lin,C.-Y.;Chang,C.-T.Simultaneous optimization strategy for synthesizing heat exchanger networks with multi-stream mixers Chemical Engineering Research & Design 2008 86(3) 299-309
[127]Dong,H.-G.;Lin,C.-Y.;Chang,C.-T.Simultaneous optimization approach for integrated water-allocation and heat-exchange networks Chemical Engineering Science 2008 63(14) 3664-3678
[128]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Manousiouthakis,V.On the mass/heat exchanger network representations of distillation networks AIChE Journal 1992 38 1769
[129]Bagajewicz,M.J.;Pham,R.;Manousiouthakis,V.On the state space approach to mass/heat exchanger network design Chemical Engineering Science 1998 53(14)2595-2621
[130]Feng,X.;Li,Y.;Yu,X.Improving Energy Performance of Water Allocation Networks Through Appropriate Stream Merging Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2008 16(3) 480-484
[131]Policy,G.;Polley,H.Design better water networks Chemical Engineering Progress 2000 96(2) 47-52
[132]Wang,Y.;Smith,R.Design of distributed effluent treatment systems Chemical Engineering Science 1994 49(18) 3127-3145
[133]Alves,J.J.Analysis and design of refinery hydrogen distribution systems.Ph.D.thesis,UMIST,1999.
[134]Hallale,N.;Moore,I.;Vauk,D.Hydrogen:Liability or asset? Chemical Engineering Progress 2002 98(9) 66-75
[135]Foo,D.C.Y.;Manan,Z.A.Setting the minimum utility gas flowrate targets using cascade analysis technique Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 200645(17) 5986-5995
[136]Floudas,C.A.;Grossmann,I.E.Synthesis of flexible heat exchanger networks with uncertain flowrates and temperatures Computers & Chemical Engineering 198711 319-336
[137]Kotjabasakis,E.;Linnhoff,B.Sensitivity tables for the design of flexible processes Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1986 64 197-211
[138]Papoulias,S.;Grossmann,I.a structural optimization approach in process synthesis-IIheat recovery networks Computers & Chemical Engineering 1983 7(6)707-721
[139]Viswanathan,J.;Grossmann,I.A combined penalty function and outer-approximation method for MINLP optimization Computers & Chemical Engineering 1990 14 769-782
[140]Kuo,W.C.J.;Smith,R.Design of water-using systems involving regeneratioan Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1998 76(B2) 94-114
[141]徐冬梅;胡仰栋;华贲;王修林 含再生再利用的用水网络的优化设计 高校化学工程学报 2004(02)