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矿质营养水平对核桃幼树生长发育的影响
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摘要
本试验采用叶分析的方法,研究了不同N、P、K和Zn处理对2年生早实核桃辽宁1号和晚实核桃清香基径和枝条生长的影响,初步探讨了不同处理与叶片矿质元素含量关系和叶片矿质元素含量与有关酶类活性的关系,并对试验园中的核桃3年生、5年生和25年生树的营养叶片、结果枝叶片、青皮和种仁中N、P、K和Zn含量的变化进行了研究。主要结果如下:
     1.对盆栽核桃不同N、P、K和Zn处理与2年生早实核桃辽宁1号和晚实核桃清香基径绝对生长量及枝条生长量的关系进行了研究。结果表明,随着基质中营养元素含量增加,核桃基径和枝条生长量也增加,当基质元素含量超过一定范围后,生长量反而下降。N、P、K和Zn供应水平低,不利于生长,对生长影响最大的是N,其次是P和K,影响最小的是Zn。
     2.初步探讨了不同处理与叶片矿质元素含量关系。结果表明,随着基质中N、P、K和Zn含量的增加,核桃叶片中的N、P、K和Zn含量明显增加,而晚实核桃叶片含N量要比早实核桃的高。早实核桃叶片P含量比晚实核桃叶片P含量高。随着基质中K和Zn含量的变化,早实核桃和晚实核桃叶片中K和Zn含量的变化不稳定。根据盆栽核桃基径绝对生长量和枝条生长状况及叶片营养元素含量,初步提出适于该试验园2年生核桃生长的N、P、K和Zn含量,分别为N_3、P_2、K_3和Zn_3。
     3.叶片矿质元素含量对有关酶类活性的影响。结果表明,叶片矿质元素的含量与核桃SOD和POD酶活性有一定影响,随着叶片中N和Zn含量的增加,核桃SOD、POD活性呈逐渐降低的趋势,叶片中Zn含量与SOD负相关。随着核桃叶片中K含量的增加,SOD的活性降低,POD的活性增加。核桃叶片中P含量对SOD和POD活性都有一定的影响。对于同一品种,POD活性高于SOD的活性。
     4.对大树清香和辽1矿质元素含量研究结果表明,叶片中N、P、K和Zn的含量随叶龄增长而下降。大树叶片中N含量较低,P含量适中,K含量偏低。
     5.核桃果实种仁中N、P和Zn含量高于青皮,青皮中的K含量明显高于种仁中K含量。核桃果实青皮中的矿质元素以K的含量最高,N、Zn和P的含量变化比较平稳。
The effects of different N, P, K and Zn handles on the utter growth rootstock and twig growth of two years Qingxiang and Liaoningl walnut were studied by the leaf analysis in this experiment. This experiment probed that the relationship among the different handles, leaf mineral nutrition content and SOD and POD activation. The main object of this study was to provide some information about N, P, K and Zn content of the nutritive leaf, fruitful leaf, kernel and the pericarp of walnut. The main results are as follows:
    1. The results of experiment showed that the growth was not fine at low handles of four elements. N exerted the greatest effect on walnut growth, the second factor was P and K, and the minimal effect factor was Zn.
    2. This experiment probed that the relationship between different handles and leaf mineral element content of walnut. The N, P, K and Zn content of walnut leaf increased with the increase of mineral nutrition. The result showed that leaf N content of Qingxiang was higher than Liaoningl, the P and Zn content of walnut leaf had a higher fluctuation. On the basis of utter growth of rootstock, twig growth and leaf nutrition element, we had a convenient propose for the experiment yield to cultivate two years walnut.
    3. Leaf N, P, K and Zn content had effect on SOD and POD activation. With leaf N and Zn content increasing, SOD and POD activation had a decreased current. Leaf Zn content and SOD activation had a negative correlation. At the same time, we had proved that SOD activation was rising, but POD activation dropping with leaf K content increasing. As to the same variety, POD activation was higher than the SOD activation. Our experiment proved that Liaoningl POD activation was higher than Qingxiang.
    4. The leaf N content was low in this yield, the leaf content of P was normal, and K was lack. The content of N, P, K and Zn was dropping with leafage.
    5. We proved that there was a higher N, P and Zn content in the kernel than the pericarp, but K content higher in the pericarp than the kernel. In the pericarp, the K content was higher than N, P and Zn content. N, P and Zn content changed comparatively smooth and steadily.
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