改革与完善我国林业投融资体制对策研究
摘要
我国林业建设和发展已进入一个崭新的历史时期，党和政府比任何时候都更加重视林业的建设和发展，林业在社会经济发展中的地位被摆在了前所未有的高度。2003年6月25日《中共中央国务院关于加快林业发展的决定》下发后，我国开始全面推进林业生态建设和产业建设，努力实现林业跨越式发展的宏伟目标。但我国林业建设和发展的质量与速度离我们的目标和要求还有很大差距，为此还需要解决一系列的问题，其中资金来源问题是当前发展中国林业最急需解决的问题之一，解决该问题的关键是要建立和完善使资金快速且有效率地流向林业的相关体制和制度，具体讲就是要采取有效对策来改革和完善我国林业投融资体制，从根本上解决林业建设和发展的资金瓶颈问题。
在我国市场经济改革不断推进和加入WTO的宏观环境之下，就改革与完善我国林业投融资体制对策问题开展全面、系统的研究具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在多角度介绍和分析投融资理论和现代林业理论的基础上，重新界定林业投融资和林业投融资体制的概念和内涵。在回顾我国投融资体制和林业投融资体制改革历程的同时，从林业投资总量、林权改革、林业投融资主体结构、林业资本市场发展、政府职能等方面客观地对目前我国林业投融资体制存在的主要问题进行详细的分析和探讨。为了解决我国林业投融资体制中存在的主要问题，切实改变目前林业投资不足、融资渠道不畅的不利局面，实现林业跨越式发展的宏伟目标，必须正确认识林业投融资主体和林业投融资客体的特性，认清它们之间的内在关系，只有这样才能按照市场经济原理，依据客观规律，建立起高效的林业投融资体制。林业投融资主体包括政府、企业和个人；林业投融资客体是林产品，包括两大类，第一大类各种类型的人类经营培育的森林资源产品属于“准公共产品”，第二大类是以森林资源为基础生产的木材和以木材为原料的各种产品属于“私人产品”。从中央政府和地方政府的博弈、地方政府之间的博弈、政府与林业企业(个人)之间的博弈三个层面对林业投融资主体的行为进行了分析和论证。根据人类经营培育的森林资源产品的公共产品程度不同可将其分为甲、乙、丙三类，并根据不同林产品的特性，提出与其相适应或计划或市场的主要经济机制和适合的投融资主体，并提炼出具有一定参考价值的林业投融资主客体关系表。在理论分析基础上，结合我国的国情和林情，从建立现代林业企业制度、发展非公有制林业促进投资主体多元化、转变政府职能优化林业投资环境、完善林权流转法律保护投资者合法权益四个方面系统分析了改革与完善林业投资体制的对策。从建议组建中国林业发展银行主营林业政策性金融业务、加快商业银行林业商业信贷创新步伐、在林业项目中引进BOT系列融资模式、加快林业资本市场建设四个方面分析了改革与完善林业融资体制的对策。建议组建中国林业发展银行主营林业政策性金融业务方面，阐明组建我国林业发展银行的必要性，并结合我国实际情况提出组建我国林业发展银行的具体设想；加快商业银行林业商业信贷创新步伐方面，客观地分析了我国发展林业商业贷款的基础和前景，指出我国发展林业商
Building and developing of China's forestry already enters a brand-new historical period, CCP and government has been paying more attention to construction and development of the forestry now,the position of forestry in social and economic development is put in the unprecedented height.About decision of speeding up the development of forestry of Central Committee of the CCP and the State Council in June 25, 2003, after which was coming on, China begins to advance forestry's ecological construction and industrial construction in an all-round way, to make great efforts to realize the grand goal of forestry's great-leap-forward development.
But quality and speed of China's forestry building and development have disparity greatly from our goal and requirement, for this reason need to solve a series of problems, among them the capital source problem is to develop one of the problems badly in need of most solution of China' forestry at present, key to solve problem is to build and improve relevant forestry systems insitution to make fund flow into forestry fast and efficient.That is say, to adopt effective countermeasure to reform and improve China's forestry investment and financing system, to solve the fund bottleneck problem that builds and develops the forestry fundamentally.
To advance and join WTO in China's market economy reform under the macroscopic environment incessantly, reforms and consummates our country forestry to throw the financing system countermeasure question development system, the thorough research has the count for much practical significance and the theory significance. In the multi- angles introduced and the analysis throws the financing theory and in the modern forestry theory foundation, relimits the forestry to throw financing and the forestry throws the financing system the concept and the connotation. Reviews our country to throw the financing system and the forestry throws the financing organizational reform course, from the forestry investment total quantity, the ownership of forests reform, the forestry throws the financing main body structure, forestry aspect and so on capital market development, government function objectively throws the financing system existence to the present our country forestry the main question to carry on the detailed analysis and the discussion. In order to solve our country forestry to throw the main question which in the financing system exists, practically changes the present forestry investment insufficiency, the financing channel impeded disadvantageous aspect, the realization forestry surmounts the type development the grand goal, must correctly understand the forestry throws the financing main body and the forestry throws the financing object the characteristic, clearly recognized between them the intrinsic relations, only have like this only
在我国市场经济改革不断推进和加入WTO的宏观环境之下，就改革与完善我国林业投融资体制对策问题开展全面、系统的研究具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在多角度介绍和分析投融资理论和现代林业理论的基础上，重新界定林业投融资和林业投融资体制的概念和内涵。在回顾我国投融资体制和林业投融资体制改革历程的同时，从林业投资总量、林权改革、林业投融资主体结构、林业资本市场发展、政府职能等方面客观地对目前我国林业投融资体制存在的主要问题进行详细的分析和探讨。为了解决我国林业投融资体制中存在的主要问题，切实改变目前林业投资不足、融资渠道不畅的不利局面，实现林业跨越式发展的宏伟目标，必须正确认识林业投融资主体和林业投融资客体的特性，认清它们之间的内在关系，只有这样才能按照市场经济原理，依据客观规律，建立起高效的林业投融资体制。林业投融资主体包括政府、企业和个人；林业投融资客体是林产品，包括两大类，第一大类各种类型的人类经营培育的森林资源产品属于“准公共产品”，第二大类是以森林资源为基础生产的木材和以木材为原料的各种产品属于“私人产品”。从中央政府和地方政府的博弈、地方政府之间的博弈、政府与林业企业(个人)之间的博弈三个层面对林业投融资主体的行为进行了分析和论证。根据人类经营培育的森林资源产品的公共产品程度不同可将其分为甲、乙、丙三类，并根据不同林产品的特性，提出与其相适应或计划或市场的主要经济机制和适合的投融资主体，并提炼出具有一定参考价值的林业投融资主客体关系表。在理论分析基础上，结合我国的国情和林情，从建立现代林业企业制度、发展非公有制林业促进投资主体多元化、转变政府职能优化林业投资环境、完善林权流转法律保护投资者合法权益四个方面系统分析了改革与完善林业投资体制的对策。从建议组建中国林业发展银行主营林业政策性金融业务、加快商业银行林业商业信贷创新步伐、在林业项目中引进BOT系列融资模式、加快林业资本市场建设四个方面分析了改革与完善林业融资体制的对策。建议组建中国林业发展银行主营林业政策性金融业务方面，阐明组建我国林业发展银行的必要性，并结合我国实际情况提出组建我国林业发展银行的具体设想；加快商业银行林业商业信贷创新步伐方面，客观地分析了我国发展林业商业贷款的基础和前景，指出我国发展林业商
Building and developing of China's forestry already enters a brand-new historical period, CCP and government has been paying more attention to construction and development of the forestry now,the position of forestry in social and economic development is put in the unprecedented height.About decision of speeding up the development of forestry of Central Committee of the CCP and the State Council in June 25, 2003, after which was coming on, China begins to advance forestry's ecological construction and industrial construction in an all-round way, to make great efforts to realize the grand goal of forestry's great-leap-forward development.
But quality and speed of China's forestry building and development have disparity greatly from our goal and requirement, for this reason need to solve a series of problems, among them the capital source problem is to develop one of the problems badly in need of most solution of China' forestry at present, key to solve problem is to build and improve relevant forestry systems insitution to make fund flow into forestry fast and efficient.That is say, to adopt effective countermeasure to reform and improve China's forestry investment and financing system, to solve the fund bottleneck problem that builds and develops the forestry fundamentally.
To advance and join WTO in China's market economy reform under the macroscopic environment incessantly, reforms and consummates our country forestry to throw the financing system countermeasure question development system, the thorough research has the count for much practical significance and the theory significance. In the multi- angles introduced and the analysis throws the financing theory and in the modern forestry theory foundation, relimits the forestry to throw financing and the forestry throws the financing system the concept and the connotation. Reviews our country to throw the financing system and the forestry throws the financing organizational reform course, from the forestry investment total quantity, the ownership of forests reform, the forestry throws the financing main body structure, forestry aspect and so on capital market development, government function objectively throws the financing system existence to the present our country forestry the main question to carry on the detailed analysis and the discussion. In order to solve our country forestry to throw the main question which in the financing system exists, practically changes the present forestry investment insufficiency, the financing channel impeded disadvantageous aspect, the realization forestry surmounts the type development the grand goal, must correctly understand the forestry throws the financing main body and the forestry throws the financing object the characteristic, clearly recognized between them the intrinsic relations, only have like this only
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