江苏平原林业发展研究
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摘要
平原林业的发展囿于农户对森林功能认识的偏差而发展不稳定,森林三大效益通过一定的机制转化成农户较高的经济利益,从而促进平原林业的可持续发展一直是林业发展理论研究的热点。本论文以江苏平原林业发展为背景,以林业市场需求和供给理论以及比较利益理论为基础,通过对不同阶段平原林业发展的特征分析,总结出不同阶段作为平原林业发展两大驱动力——农户和政府的变化关系,通过对苏北林业资源配置和产权改革进行调查和实证分析,针对林地资源配置和产权改革中存在的问题,提出林地资源流转和产权改革的政策建议和平原林业发展的保障机制。本论文主要研究结论是:
1.对平原林业定位和作用的认识差异是区分平原林业发展不同阶段的核心依据,平原林业发展的四个阶段,即政治需求阶段、农业需求阶段、林业产业经济需求阶段和以生态为主的多元需求阶段,其特征差异就在于对森林功能的不同需求。
2.农户和政府是平原林业发展的两大驱动力,合力驱动林业的发展。经济利益是农户驱动力的核心所在,生态效益和社会效益要依赖政府,农户和政府两个驱动力相辅相成,互为增减的变化关系,建立生态效益补偿机制,使生态效益转换为农户的经济效益,可以增强农户的驱动力,减少政府的驱动力。
3.农户的林地资源配置是按照比较利益原则进行的,江苏平原农区农地资源配置零碎化、配置效益低、流转不通畅以及非农化趋势等问题影响了林地资源的优化配置,造成了林业发展的不稳定性。
4.经济利益原则是农户发展林业的源动力,而林业产权制度改革是保证农户利益的根本,江苏平原林业产权制度改革绩效显著,进一步深化平原林业产权制度改革是促进平原林业发展的根本保证。
5.平原林业的发展需要建立科学完善的保障体系,林业生态基金制度是市场化的要求,是实现林农经济利益最大化,从而增强农户驱动力的有效制度。多元化的社会资金投入,以及林业社会化服务体系的完善,是建立现代林业产业,实现平原林业高效化的必要保障。
The development of the plain forestry is not uncertain owing to some farmers’misunderstanding of the development of the forest functions. The three major benefits of the forest are transformed into higher economic interests of the farmers by some mechanisms. Thereby it is the theory research focus of the forestry development to promote the sustainable development of plain forestry. In this thesis, we have summarized the changing relationship of the different stages of the two driving forces between the government and farmers, as the background of the plain forestry development in Jiangsu, based on the theory of the forestry market demand and supply and the theory of the comparative interests, through the analysis of the different stages of the characteristics of the plain forestry development. We put forward the policy proposals for the forest land resource transfer, the property rights reform and the protection mechanism of the plain forestry sustainable development through the investigation and empirical analysis of the forestry resource allocation and the property rights reform in North Jiangsu, aiming at the problems of the forest land resource allocation and the property rights reform. The main research conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1. The understanding difference to the plain forestry location and the function is the core basis to distinguish between different stages of the plain forestry development. There are four stages, namely political demand stage, agricultural demand stage, stage of forestry industry economy needs and stage of the ecological needs-based multi-phase. Characterized by differences it lies in the different requirements to the forest functions.
2. Farmers and the government are the two driving forces of the plain forestry development, working together to drive its development. The core is the economic interests of the farmers’driving force. Ecological and social benefits are dependent on the government. Farmers and the government complement the two driving force and the variation of changes in each other. The establishment of the ecological benefit compensation mechanism to ensure the ecological benefits into the farmers’economic interests can enhance the farmers’driving force and reduce the government’s driving force.
3. Farmers’forest land resource allocation is in accordance with the principle comparative advantage. The agricultural land resource allocation fragmentation of the Northern Plain leads to the low allocation efficiency. The flow is not smooth. The non-agriculture trends and the other issues affect the optimal allocation of the forest resources, resulting in the instability of the forestry development
4. Farmers’driving force for the forestry development sources their own interests, while the forestry property rights system reform is to ensure the fundamental interests of farmers. The forestry property rights system reform of the Northern Plain performances significantly. The further deep reform of the plain ownership system is the basic guarantee for the sustainable development.
5. The sustainable development of the plain forestry needs to establish a science and good security system. The forestry fund system is the market demand for foresters to achieve maximum economy benefits. It is an effective system for the farmers’driving force. A wide range of social capital investment and the perfect forestry community service system is the necessary guarantee for a modern forestry industries and the realizing of the high efficiency of the plain forestry.
1.对平原林业定位和作用的认识差异是区分平原林业发展不同阶段的核心依据,平原林业发展的四个阶段,即政治需求阶段、农业需求阶段、林业产业经济需求阶段和以生态为主的多元需求阶段,其特征差异就在于对森林功能的不同需求。
2.农户和政府是平原林业发展的两大驱动力,合力驱动林业的发展。经济利益是农户驱动力的核心所在,生态效益和社会效益要依赖政府,农户和政府两个驱动力相辅相成,互为增减的变化关系,建立生态效益补偿机制,使生态效益转换为农户的经济效益,可以增强农户的驱动力,减少政府的驱动力。
3.农户的林地资源配置是按照比较利益原则进行的,江苏平原农区农地资源配置零碎化、配置效益低、流转不通畅以及非农化趋势等问题影响了林地资源的优化配置,造成了林业发展的不稳定性。
4.经济利益原则是农户发展林业的源动力,而林业产权制度改革是保证农户利益的根本,江苏平原林业产权制度改革绩效显著,进一步深化平原林业产权制度改革是促进平原林业发展的根本保证。
5.平原林业的发展需要建立科学完善的保障体系,林业生态基金制度是市场化的要求,是实现林农经济利益最大化,从而增强农户驱动力的有效制度。多元化的社会资金投入,以及林业社会化服务体系的完善,是建立现代林业产业,实现平原林业高效化的必要保障。
The development of the plain forestry is not uncertain owing to some farmers’misunderstanding of the development of the forest functions. The three major benefits of the forest are transformed into higher economic interests of the farmers by some mechanisms. Thereby it is the theory research focus of the forestry development to promote the sustainable development of plain forestry. In this thesis, we have summarized the changing relationship of the different stages of the two driving forces between the government and farmers, as the background of the plain forestry development in Jiangsu, based on the theory of the forestry market demand and supply and the theory of the comparative interests, through the analysis of the different stages of the characteristics of the plain forestry development. We put forward the policy proposals for the forest land resource transfer, the property rights reform and the protection mechanism of the plain forestry sustainable development through the investigation and empirical analysis of the forestry resource allocation and the property rights reform in North Jiangsu, aiming at the problems of the forest land resource allocation and the property rights reform. The main research conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1. The understanding difference to the plain forestry location and the function is the core basis to distinguish between different stages of the plain forestry development. There are four stages, namely political demand stage, agricultural demand stage, stage of forestry industry economy needs and stage of the ecological needs-based multi-phase. Characterized by differences it lies in the different requirements to the forest functions.
2. Farmers and the government are the two driving forces of the plain forestry development, working together to drive its development. The core is the economic interests of the farmers’driving force. Ecological and social benefits are dependent on the government. Farmers and the government complement the two driving force and the variation of changes in each other. The establishment of the ecological benefit compensation mechanism to ensure the ecological benefits into the farmers’economic interests can enhance the farmers’driving force and reduce the government’s driving force.
3. Farmers’forest land resource allocation is in accordance with the principle comparative advantage. The agricultural land resource allocation fragmentation of the Northern Plain leads to the low allocation efficiency. The flow is not smooth. The non-agriculture trends and the other issues affect the optimal allocation of the forest resources, resulting in the instability of the forestry development
4. Farmers’driving force for the forestry development sources their own interests, while the forestry property rights system reform is to ensure the fundamental interests of farmers. The forestry property rights system reform of the Northern Plain performances significantly. The further deep reform of the plain ownership system is the basic guarantee for the sustainable development.
5. The sustainable development of the plain forestry needs to establish a science and good security system. The forestry fund system is the market demand for foresters to achieve maximum economy benefits. It is an effective system for the farmers’driving force. A wide range of social capital investment and the perfect forestry community service system is the necessary guarantee for a modern forestry industries and the realizing of the high efficiency of the plain forestry.
引文
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