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建筑产业区域竞争力评价及优化研究
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摘要
“十一五”规划以来,建筑产业对我国国民经济发展的促进作用日益明显,建筑产业区域竞争也愈演愈烈,各地区建筑产业呈现出发展不平衡的现象。如何提高建筑产业区域竞争力,实现协调发展是目前面临的一个重要课题。本文以我国各区域建筑产业作为研究对象,在已有研究成果基础上,构建了适合建筑产业竞争力分析研究的概念模型及其构成要素;确定了建筑产业竞争力度量模型公式;利用云模型(Cloud Model)对建筑产业区域竞争力进行了综合评价和聚类分析;运用结构方程模型(SEM)对建筑产业区域竞争力影响机制进行了系统分析;建立了建筑产业区域竞争力优化模型,提出了相应的对策和建议。主要研究成果概括如下:
     (1)针对建筑产业竞争力以往研究中重视硬指标,轻视软指标的不足,将“软实力”概念引入建筑产业竞争力研究中,提出建筑产业竞争力由硬实力、软实力和表现能力三部分构成;并在波特钻石模型、金碚因果分析模型和国家软实力理论基础上,结合建筑产业特性,确定了以上三部分的具体构成要素;借鉴倪鹏飞的城市竞争力模型的建模思路,构建了建筑产业“弓弦箭”模型。
     (2)构建了建筑产业竞争力度量模型,即“建筑产业竞争力=产业硬实力(1+产业软实力)产业表现能力”。构建相应指标体系,采用基于格栅获取的模糊Borda数分析法确定指标权重,通过实证分析,证实了该模型的合理性。
     (3)利用云模型进行区域竞争力综合评价,通过云变换处理形成从定量到定性的分区转化,得到五个竞争力水平等级概念;在对各区域度量结果基础上,运用云发生器计算区域竞争力水平隶属度,得出建筑产业区域竞争力的评价等级。结果表明:我国建筑产业区域竞争力呈梯度分布,东部和东南部各地区竞争力水平远远高于中西部地区,而西北和西南地区的竞争力水平最为落后。
     (4)运用结构方程模型(SEM)对影响建筑产业区域竞争力的硬实力因素和软实力因素进行假设分析验证。研究得出:产业创新对建筑产业区域竞争力具有关键性的作用;政府监管与服务通过广泛的影响其他因素间接的影响建筑产业区域竞争力;建筑产业文化的建立能够有助于提升建筑产业区域竞争力;建筑产业区域竞争力最终取决于硬实力和软实力各项因素相互协同作用。
Since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, construction industry has become a pillarindustry of our national economy development and its comprehensive developmentdepends on the coordinated development of the construction industry in each region.Researching on the objective reality of the imbalance and otherness of China'sconstruction industry is the original intention of this paper. The level ofcompetitiveness of regional construction industry determines its development, so inorder to narrow the gap of development level of each regional construction industry, itis imperative to attach importance to the evaluation and optimization of thecompetitiveness in each regional construction industry, especially in the backwardareas.
     Under the framework of epistemology, this paper takes a research on thecompetitiveness of construction industry from the surface to the centre, layer uponlayer. The thesis is mainly composed of three parts: part one does research into themeasurement and evaluation of competitiveness of construction industry; part twoconducts research on the influencing factor and formation mechanism of thecompetitiveness of construction industry; part three makes a study on the optimizationways of competitiveness of construction industry.
     In the first place, this paper introduces the conception soft power into thecompetitiveness study on construction industry and puts forward bow-string-arrowtheoretical model. This model is composed of construction industry’s hardcompetitive power, soft competitive power and performance ability. Under thisframework, the hard competitive power is the bow, the soft competitive power isthe string and the performance ability is the arrow.
     In the second place, this paper sets up the measurement model. This is,construction industry competitiveness=hard competitive power (1+soft competitivepower) performance ability. On the above base, we construct the measurementindex system and adopt fuzzy Borda number analytical method to determine eachindex’ weight. The rationality of the model is confirmed by the means of empiricalanalysis of the competitiveness of construction industry through China’s thirty-oneprovinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in the Eleven Five-Year Plan period(2006-2010).
     Again, introducing the Cloud Model into the competitiveness evaluation study,taking advantage of the construction industry’s historical data during ElevenFive-Year Plan period and making use of the cloud transform, we calculate the degreeof membership of the five competitive power level and work out the evaluation ratingof the competitiveness of regional construction industry.
     By using the structural equation model (SEM), this paper conducts the hypothesisanalysis verification to the hard power and soft power which influence thecompetitiveness of regional construction industry. Through the empirical research, wedraw a conclusion that (1) Governmental management and service plays a key role inthe competitiveness of regional construction industry.(2) The industry structure playsan indirect but quite important role in the competitiveness of regional constructionindustry.(3) The establishment of the construction industry culture can contribute topromote the competitiveness of regional construction industry.(4)Regionalconstruction industry competitiveness finally depends on the synergistic effect ofvarious factors of the hard and soft power.
     At last, we put forward ways and suggestions which can optimize the regionalconstruction industry competitiveness based on the analysis and study of this paper.
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