基于MCU嵌入式系统的构件化开发模式研究
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摘要
软件重用是运用现存的软件或知识构造新系统,从而避免重复劳动的解决方案。它被视为解决软件危机、提高软件生产效率和质量的现实可行的途径。软件重用的核心之一是构件技术。构件技术在近几年迅速发展并受到高度的重视。它已经广泛渗透到传统软件的开发之中,使得软件开发的效率大大提高。
但是在嵌入式实时系统领域中却较少的使用构件技术,因为通用的构件技术不能满足嵌入式系统非功能属性上的要求,而面向特定领域的嵌入式构件模型又缺乏跨领域的通用性。在基于MCU的嵌入式系统领域,随着软件功能和性能复杂度的不断提高,高效和有效的软件开发面临严峻的挑战。基于MCU的嵌入式软件系统是典型的单片机控制程序应用系统,其软件开发已呈现出一些显著的特点:其一是行业内技术人员流动频繁,行业内缺少经验重用的技术手段;其二是市场竞争激烈要求产品的成本更低以及研发周期加快。
本文提出一种基于MCU嵌入式系统的构件开发模式,具有较强的通用性,适用于大部分基于MCU嵌入式系统的软件开发中。本文的内容和特色包括:
1)作为基于MCU的嵌入式实时软件构件化开发模式的基础,本文提出了一种轻量级的构件模型,该模型适应基于MCU的嵌入式实时系统的特点。
2)在模型的基础上提出构件实例组装和代码生成技术,实现软件象工业产品一样通过流水线组装的方式生成。
3)阐述了基于构件的嵌入式软件集成开发环境,并分析了两种适用于基于MCU的嵌入式系统的集成开发环境模型。
4)研究基于该模型的非功能性属性获取方式,以及对组装后的嵌入式软件系统的可靠性的预测方法。
5)结合实际,将本模式应用于空调电子控制器软件系统研发生产线中。
Software reuse is the use of existing software, or software knowledge, to build new software and avoid duplication of work, it is considered a realistic way to solve software crisis, and improve software productivity as well as quality. Component technology, which is one of the cores of software reuse, is developing rapidly in recent years and receiving enormous attention. It has been widely infiltrated into traditional software development process, makes a great productivity-boost.
However, because of the requirement of non-functional property, in the field of embedded real-time system, general-purpose component technologies are seldom practiced in this field. In addition, the domain-specific embedded component models are short of generality to be use in other domain. Due to the complexity of software, developing software efficiently and effectively faces huge challenges in MCU-based embedded system development. As a typical micro-controllers program, the development processes have revealed some remarkable issues: Firstly, this industry suffers from frequent transfer of engineers and lacks of means to reuse existing software. Secondly, the fierce market competition requires lower-cost and shorter-cycle in the development of software.
This thesis presents a component-based software development method, which is applicable to most embedded systems based on MCU embedded system. The contribution and feature of this thesis includes:
1) As the basis of component-based software development method, this paper proposes a lightweight component model which complies with the feature of MCU-based embedded system.
2) Design the component composition and code generation technology based on this model to enable embedded applications to be built just like industrial products which are assembled in assembly line.
3) Explain the Integrated Development Environment for component-based software development, and analyze two IDE-models for MCU-based embedded system.
4) Research the means for retrieving non-functional property and predicting the software system's reliability after composition.
5) Practice this method in air-conditioning's electronic controller software development.
但是在嵌入式实时系统领域中却较少的使用构件技术,因为通用的构件技术不能满足嵌入式系统非功能属性上的要求,而面向特定领域的嵌入式构件模型又缺乏跨领域的通用性。在基于MCU的嵌入式系统领域,随着软件功能和性能复杂度的不断提高,高效和有效的软件开发面临严峻的挑战。基于MCU的嵌入式软件系统是典型的单片机控制程序应用系统,其软件开发已呈现出一些显著的特点:其一是行业内技术人员流动频繁,行业内缺少经验重用的技术手段;其二是市场竞争激烈要求产品的成本更低以及研发周期加快。
本文提出一种基于MCU嵌入式系统的构件开发模式,具有较强的通用性,适用于大部分基于MCU嵌入式系统的软件开发中。本文的内容和特色包括:
1)作为基于MCU的嵌入式实时软件构件化开发模式的基础,本文提出了一种轻量级的构件模型,该模型适应基于MCU的嵌入式实时系统的特点。
2)在模型的基础上提出构件实例组装和代码生成技术,实现软件象工业产品一样通过流水线组装的方式生成。
3)阐述了基于构件的嵌入式软件集成开发环境,并分析了两种适用于基于MCU的嵌入式系统的集成开发环境模型。
4)研究基于该模型的非功能性属性获取方式,以及对组装后的嵌入式软件系统的可靠性的预测方法。
5)结合实际,将本模式应用于空调电子控制器软件系统研发生产线中。
Software reuse is the use of existing software, or software knowledge, to build new software and avoid duplication of work, it is considered a realistic way to solve software crisis, and improve software productivity as well as quality. Component technology, which is one of the cores of software reuse, is developing rapidly in recent years and receiving enormous attention. It has been widely infiltrated into traditional software development process, makes a great productivity-boost.
However, because of the requirement of non-functional property, in the field of embedded real-time system, general-purpose component technologies are seldom practiced in this field. In addition, the domain-specific embedded component models are short of generality to be use in other domain. Due to the complexity of software, developing software efficiently and effectively faces huge challenges in MCU-based embedded system development. As a typical micro-controllers program, the development processes have revealed some remarkable issues: Firstly, this industry suffers from frequent transfer of engineers and lacks of means to reuse existing software. Secondly, the fierce market competition requires lower-cost and shorter-cycle in the development of software.
This thesis presents a component-based software development method, which is applicable to most embedded systems based on MCU embedded system. The contribution and feature of this thesis includes:
1) As the basis of component-based software development method, this paper proposes a lightweight component model which complies with the feature of MCU-based embedded system.
2) Design the component composition and code generation technology based on this model to enable embedded applications to be built just like industrial products which are assembled in assembly line.
3) Explain the Integrated Development Environment for component-based software development, and analyze two IDE-models for MCU-based embedded system.
4) Research the means for retrieving non-functional property and predicting the software system's reliability after composition.
5) Practice this method in air-conditioning's electronic controller software development.
引文
[1]Ian Sommerville.Software engineering(7th Edition).Pearson Education Limited,2004
[2]Clemens Szyperski.Component software:beyond object-oriented programming(2nd Edition).Addison-Wesley Professional,2003
[3]Ivica Crnkovic.Component-based software engineering for embedded systems.ICSE'05:712-713
[4]古友鹏.嵌入式实时软件的构件化开发技术研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[5]邓勇,桑楠,罗克露.基于智能家电嵌入式软件的源码构件设计方法,计算机工程,2007.4
[6]邓勇.基于源码构件模型的嵌入式软件生成技术的研究和实现:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2007
[7]高峰,邓勇,桑楠.一种智能家电嵌入式软件源码构件的设计模式.计算机应用,2005.25(12):468-470
[8]Alexander Bilke,Component-based software development-A practitioner's view,Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science,2002
[9]I.Crnkovic,Building Reliable Component-Based Software Systems.Artech House,2002
[10]Stefan,Mann.Towards a component concept for continuous software engineering,2000
[11]Hafedh Mili,Fatma Mili,Ali Mili.Reusing Software:Issues and Research Directions.IEEE Trans.on software engineering.1995.6,Vol.21 No.6:528-562
[12]Maurizio Morisio,Colin Tully.Michel Ezran.Diversity in Reuse Processes.IEEE Software,2000.7:56-63
[13]Shuyu Li,Xiaojiang Li,Jian Wu.Components and contracts for embedded software.Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems(ECBS'05),2005.IEEE Computer Science
[14]房红征,赵贵根,柳克俊.嵌入式组件模型研究.微计算机应用,2005,26(5):521-524
[15]Rob van Ommering,Frank van der Linden,Jeff Kramer et al.The koala component model for consumer electronics software.IEEE Computer,2000,33(3):78-85
[16]M.Winter,T.Genbler,A.Christoph,et al.Components for embedded software-The PECOS approach,In Proc.Second International Workshop on Composition Languages,2002
[17]O.Nierstraze,G.Arvalo,S.Ducasse.A component model for field devices.IFIP/ACM Component Deployment,Berlin,Germany,2002.6
[18]Hans Hansson,Mikael Akerholm,Ivica Crnkovic.SaveCCM:a Component Model for Safety-Critical Real-Time Systems.Special Session Component Models for Dependable Systems.2004
[19]熊光泽,古幼鹏,桑楠.嵌入式应用软件设计方法学研究综述.计算机应用,April 2004,24(4):1-4
[20]I-Ling Yen,Jayabharath Goluguri,Farokh Bastani,Latifur Khan.A Component-based Approach for Embedded Software Development.In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing(ISORC.02),IEEE,2002:1-8
[21]C.Villela,UB.Becker,C.E.Pereira.Framework for Component-Based Development of Distributed Real-Time Systems.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems,IEEE,Proceedings.Sixth International Workshop on,8-10 Jan.2001:85-90
[22]Ulrich Hannemann,Jozef Hooman.Formal Design of Real-Time Components on a Shared Data Space Architecture.In Computer Software and Applications Conference,IEEE,2001:143-150
[23]Stephen S.Yau Bing Xia.An Approach to Distributed Component-based Real-time Application Software Development.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Proceedings.IEEE,20-22 April 1998:275-283
[24]Stephen S.Yau,Fariaz Karim.Component Customization for Object-Oriented Distributed Real-time Software Development.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,IEEE International Symposium,March 2000:156-163
[25]Zonghua Gu,Sharath Kodase,Shige Wang and Kang G.Shin.A Model-Based Approach to System-Level Dependency and Real-Time Analysis of Embedded Software.In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium(RTAS'03),IEEE,2003:78-85
[26]Zonghua Gu,Shige Wang,Sharath Kodase and Kang G.Shin.An End-to-End Tool Chain for Multi-View Modeling and Analysis of Avionics Mission Computing Software.In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium(RTSS'03),IEEE,2003:78-81
[27]Peter Volgyesi,Akos Ledeczi.Component-Based Development of Networked Embedded Applications.In Proceedings of the 28th Euromiero Conference(EUROMICRO'02),IEEE,2002:68-73
[28]Pao-Ann Hsiung,Win-Bin See,etc.Formal Verification of Embedded Real-Time Software in Component-Based Application Frameworks.In Soft,rare Engineering Conference,APSEC 2001,IEEE,2001:71-78
[29]马亮,孙艳春.软件构件概念的变迁.计算机科学,2002.4,VOL9(4):28-30
[30]NATO Standard for Development of Reusable Software.NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency Components,1991.
[31]Bachman.Technical Concepts of Component-Based Software Engineering:CMU/SEI 2000-TR-08,2000.5
[32]杨芙清,王千祥,梅宏等.基于复用的软件生产技术.中国科学,2001.8,Vol.31,No.4:363-371
[33]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤.软件复用与软件构件技术.电子学报,1999.2,Vol.27,No.2:68-75
[34]Ivica Crnkovic.Component-based Software Engineering-New Challenges in software Development.ITI 2003.6
[35]OMG CORBA,http://www.corba.org.2001
[36]Microsoft corporation,http://www.microsoft.com/com,2001
[37]Don Box,Essential COM,Addison-Wesley,1999
[38]Paul J.Perrone,et al.J2EE构建企业系统—专家级解决方案.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[39]Gibb F.,McCartan C.,et al.The integration of information retrieval techniques within a software reuse environment.Journal of Information Science,2000,26(4):520-539
[40]TCL风管机空调控制程序源码TCLFG_CODE.SRC.广东顺德中格威电子有限公司.2005
[41]邓勇,桑楠,罗克露,等.智能家电嵌入式软件的源码构件设计方法.计算机工程,2006,6(33):280-282
[42]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件构件化开发流程规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所,2006
[43]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件构件化划分规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所.2006
[44]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件源码构件规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所,2006
[45]Grady Booth,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications,2d ed.,Addison-Wesley,1994
[46]Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,and John Vlissides,Design Patterns:Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented So,ware,Addison-Wesley,1995.
[47]Martin C.Robert,Martin Micah.Agile Principles,Patterns,and Practices in C#.Prentice Hall, 2006
[48]Tom DeMarco.Controlling Software Projects,Yourdon Press,1982.
[49]John D M.软件可靠性工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.1-2.
[50]蔡开元,白成刚.构件软件系统的可靠性评估模型简介,西安交通大学学报,2003.6
[51]Yashwant K M,Michael N L,JamesM B.Software reliability growth with test coverage.IEEE Transactions on Reliability,2002,51(4):420-426
[2]Clemens Szyperski.Component software:beyond object-oriented programming(2nd Edition).Addison-Wesley Professional,2003
[3]Ivica Crnkovic.Component-based software engineering for embedded systems.ICSE'05:712-713
[4]古友鹏.嵌入式实时软件的构件化开发技术研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[5]邓勇,桑楠,罗克露.基于智能家电嵌入式软件的源码构件设计方法,计算机工程,2007.4
[6]邓勇.基于源码构件模型的嵌入式软件生成技术的研究和实现:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2007
[7]高峰,邓勇,桑楠.一种智能家电嵌入式软件源码构件的设计模式.计算机应用,2005.25(12):468-470
[8]Alexander Bilke,Component-based software development-A practitioner's view,Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science,2002
[9]I.Crnkovic,Building Reliable Component-Based Software Systems.Artech House,2002
[10]Stefan,Mann.Towards a component concept for continuous software engineering,2000
[11]Hafedh Mili,Fatma Mili,Ali Mili.Reusing Software:Issues and Research Directions.IEEE Trans.on software engineering.1995.6,Vol.21 No.6:528-562
[12]Maurizio Morisio,Colin Tully.Michel Ezran.Diversity in Reuse Processes.IEEE Software,2000.7:56-63
[13]Shuyu Li,Xiaojiang Li,Jian Wu.Components and contracts for embedded software.Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems(ECBS'05),2005.IEEE Computer Science
[14]房红征,赵贵根,柳克俊.嵌入式组件模型研究.微计算机应用,2005,26(5):521-524
[15]Rob van Ommering,Frank van der Linden,Jeff Kramer et al.The koala component model for consumer electronics software.IEEE Computer,2000,33(3):78-85
[16]M.Winter,T.Genbler,A.Christoph,et al.Components for embedded software-The PECOS approach,In Proc.Second International Workshop on Composition Languages,2002
[17]O.Nierstraze,G.Arvalo,S.Ducasse.A component model for field devices.IFIP/ACM Component Deployment,Berlin,Germany,2002.6
[18]Hans Hansson,Mikael Akerholm,Ivica Crnkovic.SaveCCM:a Component Model for Safety-Critical Real-Time Systems.Special Session Component Models for Dependable Systems.2004
[19]熊光泽,古幼鹏,桑楠.嵌入式应用软件设计方法学研究综述.计算机应用,April 2004,24(4):1-4
[20]I-Ling Yen,Jayabharath Goluguri,Farokh Bastani,Latifur Khan.A Component-based Approach for Embedded Software Development.In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing(ISORC.02),IEEE,2002:1-8
[21]C.Villela,UB.Becker,C.E.Pereira.Framework for Component-Based Development of Distributed Real-Time Systems.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems,IEEE,Proceedings.Sixth International Workshop on,8-10 Jan.2001:85-90
[22]Ulrich Hannemann,Jozef Hooman.Formal Design of Real-Time Components on a Shared Data Space Architecture.In Computer Software and Applications Conference,IEEE,2001:143-150
[23]Stephen S.Yau Bing Xia.An Approach to Distributed Component-based Real-time Application Software Development.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Proceedings.IEEE,20-22 April 1998:275-283
[24]Stephen S.Yau,Fariaz Karim.Component Customization for Object-Oriented Distributed Real-time Software Development.In Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,IEEE International Symposium,March 2000:156-163
[25]Zonghua Gu,Sharath Kodase,Shige Wang and Kang G.Shin.A Model-Based Approach to System-Level Dependency and Real-Time Analysis of Embedded Software.In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium(RTAS'03),IEEE,2003:78-85
[26]Zonghua Gu,Shige Wang,Sharath Kodase and Kang G.Shin.An End-to-End Tool Chain for Multi-View Modeling and Analysis of Avionics Mission Computing Software.In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium(RTSS'03),IEEE,2003:78-81
[27]Peter Volgyesi,Akos Ledeczi.Component-Based Development of Networked Embedded Applications.In Proceedings of the 28th Euromiero Conference(EUROMICRO'02),IEEE,2002:68-73
[28]Pao-Ann Hsiung,Win-Bin See,etc.Formal Verification of Embedded Real-Time Software in Component-Based Application Frameworks.In Soft,rare Engineering Conference,APSEC 2001,IEEE,2001:71-78
[29]马亮,孙艳春.软件构件概念的变迁.计算机科学,2002.4,VOL9(4):28-30
[30]NATO Standard for Development of Reusable Software.NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency Components,1991.
[31]Bachman.Technical Concepts of Component-Based Software Engineering:CMU/SEI 2000-TR-08,2000.5
[32]杨芙清,王千祥,梅宏等.基于复用的软件生产技术.中国科学,2001.8,Vol.31,No.4:363-371
[33]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤.软件复用与软件构件技术.电子学报,1999.2,Vol.27,No.2:68-75
[34]Ivica Crnkovic.Component-based Software Engineering-New Challenges in software Development.ITI 2003.6
[35]OMG CORBA,http://www.corba.org.2001
[36]Microsoft corporation,http://www.microsoft.com/com,2001
[37]Don Box,Essential COM,Addison-Wesley,1999
[38]Paul J.Perrone,et al.J2EE构建企业系统—专家级解决方案.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[39]Gibb F.,McCartan C.,et al.The integration of information retrieval techniques within a software reuse environment.Journal of Information Science,2000,26(4):520-539
[40]TCL风管机空调控制程序源码TCLFG_CODE.SRC.广东顺德中格威电子有限公司.2005
[41]邓勇,桑楠,罗克露,等.智能家电嵌入式软件的源码构件设计方法.计算机工程,2006,6(33):280-282
[42]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件构件化开发流程规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所,2006
[43]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件构件化划分规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所.2006
[44]邓勇,施俞行,高卓,等.《智能家电嵌入式软件源码构件规范》.电子科技大学嵌入式实时计算研究所,2006
[45]Grady Booth,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications,2d ed.,Addison-Wesley,1994
[46]Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,and John Vlissides,Design Patterns:Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented So,ware,Addison-Wesley,1995.
[47]Martin C.Robert,Martin Micah.Agile Principles,Patterns,and Practices in C#.Prentice Hall, 2006
[48]Tom DeMarco.Controlling Software Projects,Yourdon Press,1982.
[49]John D M.软件可靠性工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.1-2.
[50]蔡开元,白成刚.构件软件系统的可靠性评估模型简介,西安交通大学学报,2003.6
[51]Yashwant K M,Michael N L,JamesM B.Software reliability growth with test coverage.IEEE Transactions on Reliability,2002,51(4):420-426