St.Peter砂岩力学特性及其矿柱设计研究
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摘要
St. Peter砂岩可作为水力压裂法的支撑剂，其对页岩气的开采具有重要意义，对于其特殊力学性质的研究和开采矿柱的设计具有重要的意义。通过XRD、SEM、薄片分析、密度测定、粒径分析、单轴压缩、三轴压缩对其微观组成和结构、物理性质、力学性质进行了测定；提出了定量评价充填颗粒对于St. Peter砂岩空隙率影响的理论模型，解释了其孔隙率的分布范围和孔隙率变化的基本原因，使得在分析试样的强度时，直接通过粒径分布信息对强度做出快速的评价；通过推导赫兹应力场中的应力分布形式，认为颗粒表面的裂纹为砂岩颗粒在高应力作用下的力学断裂，即赫兹裂纹，说明了表面纹理是高应力作用的产物，对目前地质学界认为砂岩颗粒的表面纹理是搬运作用形成的推断提出质疑，并认为颗粒表面纹理是成岩过程中上覆岩层挤压的结果；通过菱形体堆积的结构效应，解释了其内摩擦角比一般砂岩高出约17°的原因，解释了其一定范围内的碎胀性；提出了基于颗粒模型的强度估算方法，并对Wilson理论进行了修正，计算出适合于Pattison矿的砂岩矿柱宽度为16m，经过实践验证，该尺寸能够达到控制岩层稳定的目的，与原尺寸20m相比，矿山砂岩采出率提高了10.7%。
St. Peter sandstone can be used as the solid proppant in hyfraulic fracturing,which is the basic means for recovering gas trapped in rockmass. Research on itsproperties and pillar design is of great importance. Used XRD, SEM, Thin Section,Density, Size distribution, Uniaxial and Triaxial compressive tests to test theconsititution and structure, physical and mechanical properties of St. Peter sandstone;Developed a theoretical model for a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the fillinggrains on the porosity of the St. Peter sandstone, theoretically explained the porosityrange typically associated with the St. Peter sandstone and the basic cause of thisporosity variation, made it possible for a quick assessment of the sample strengthbased on size distribution information; Derived the stress distribution in Hertz stressfield, got the creck on the surface of the particles were mechanical fractures underhigh stress, which is Hertz fracture, overthrowed the present view of the surfacetexture was formed by transport, and thought that the cracks should be the results ofresults of the upper strata extrusion during the diagenetic process; With the idea ofStructure induced friction angle for rhombohedral packing, explained the reason whythe friction angle of St. Peter sandstone is17higher than other sandstone, andexplained the high dilation in a certain range; Based on the rhombohedral packing,proposed a strength estimate method, modified the Wilson theory, and got the widthof16m for pillar in Pattison mine. Proven by practice, the pillar can realize thepurpose of the rock stability control, and also increased the extraction ratio by10.7%compared with the original size.
St. Peter sandstone can be used as the solid proppant in hyfraulic fracturing,which is the basic means for recovering gas trapped in rockmass. Research on itsproperties and pillar design is of great importance. Used XRD, SEM, Thin Section,Density, Size distribution, Uniaxial and Triaxial compressive tests to test theconsititution and structure, physical and mechanical properties of St. Peter sandstone;Developed a theoretical model for a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the fillinggrains on the porosity of the St. Peter sandstone, theoretically explained the porosityrange typically associated with the St. Peter sandstone and the basic cause of thisporosity variation, made it possible for a quick assessment of the sample strengthbased on size distribution information; Derived the stress distribution in Hertz stressfield, got the creck on the surface of the particles were mechanical fractures underhigh stress, which is Hertz fracture, overthrowed the present view of the surfacetexture was formed by transport, and thought that the cracks should be the results ofresults of the upper strata extrusion during the diagenetic process; With the idea ofStructure induced friction angle for rhombohedral packing, explained the reason whythe friction angle of St. Peter sandstone is17higher than other sandstone, andexplained the high dilation in a certain range; Based on the rhombohedral packing,proposed a strength estimate method, modified the Wilson theory, and got the widthof16m for pillar in Pattison mine. Proven by practice, the pillar can realize thepurpose of the rock stability control, and also increased the extraction ratio by10.7%compared with the original size.
引文
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