多极化合成孔径雷达系统与极化信息处理研究
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摘要
多极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）系统是目前微波成像技术研究与应用的一个重
要领域，它有效地提高了雷达对场景信息的获取能力，为进一步分析、识别和
检测目标提供了有力的工具。本文针对多极化合成孔径雷达的基本理论、系统
与工作方式，以及极化信息处理等若干问题进行了较为全面而系统的研究和探
索，并提出了一些新的概念与方法。
本文首先从电磁波的极化特性及其表征出发，深入地研究了SAR多极化
测量的基本理论，并详细分析了微波极化测量的基本模型。本文澄清了一些容
易混淆的概念，为研究多极化SAR系统与极化信息处理问题奠定了基础。
本文对多极化星载SAR系统及其工作方式进行了研究，这是一项在国内
具有开创性的工作。本文系统地研究了多极化星载SAR系统设计中的一些实
际问题，在详细分析了多极化星载SAR系统的极化时分（PTD）和极化频分（PFD）
工作方式的基础上，提出了极化码分（PCD）工作方式，并对极化时分与极化频
分工作方式进行了改进，分析和比较的结果证明了它们的有效性。新工作方式
的提出有力地改善了多极化星载SAR系统的技术指标和应用范围，为我国多
极化星载SAR系统的研制提供了参考。
本文就多极化合成孔径雷达极化信息处理问题进行了全面而深入的研究。
内容包括多极化SAR图像的理解、多极化SAR图像相关性分析、多极化SAR
图像最优极化度分析、多极化SAR单视与多视图像的统计特性分析、多极化
SAR图像对比度增强、多极化SAR图像相干斑抑制、以及多极化SAR图像
的分类等方面。本文提出了一些新的分析与计算方法，并处理了一批多极化
SAR图像。
本文对多极化SAR系统的最新理论与应用技术进行了探讨。提出了利用
单频或多频多极化SAR系统进行运动目标检测与成像的新概念，并给出了相
应的实施方案，为有效地利用多频多极化SAR系统资源提供了一个新的途径。
作为一种最新的热点技术，本文的最后引进了多极化SAR干涉的概念。
At present the polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system is an
important aspect of the microwave imaging research and application, which can
efficienily enhance the ability to acquire the information of targets, and provide an
effective approach to further analyze, identify and detect targets. Some problems of
the polarimetric SAR were studied and explored in an all-round and systematical
way, which include the basic theories, system designs, operation modes, and
polarimetric information processing. In addition, some new concepts and analysis
methods were presented.
Firstly, the polarimetric characteristics and description of electromagnetic waves
were introduced, the basic theories of the polarimetric SAR measurements were
studied and the basic models of microwave polarimetric scattering were analyzed in
detail. Besides, some confusing concepts were clarified. All above laid a foundation
for the research of polarimetric SAR system and polarimetric information
processing.
In the dissertation, the spacebrne polarimetric SAR system and its operation
modes were studied, and several actual problems about the design of which were
systematically analyzed. Based on the analysis of the existing Polarization Time
Division (PTD) and Polarization Frequency Division (PFD) operation modes,
Polarization Code Division (PCD) mode were developed. Besides, the PTD and
PFD modes were improved. The analysis and comparison have proved them to be
effective new modes. The new operation modes effectively improved the technical
index, expanded the application field of spaceborne polarimetric SAR system, and
provided a reference for the development of spaceborne polarimetric SAR system in
our country.
The polarimetric SAR information processing was comprehensively and
systematically researched in the dissertation, which includes the understanding of
polarimetric SAR images, correlation analysis ofpolarimetric SAR images, optimal
polarization degree analysis of polarimetric SAR images, statistical and spatial
properties of the single-look and multi-look polarimetric SAR images, contrast
enhancement of polarimetric SAR images, optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric
SAR images, and polarimetric classification. Several new methods of analysis and
computation are provided and some polarimetric images are processed.
Some latest theories and technologies of polarimetric SAR system were
explored. A new concept aboni lltilizing the single-frequency or multi-frequency
polarimetric SAR system to detect and image moving targets was presented, and its
aPpropriate design plan was offered. All these provide us an effective means in
giving full play of resource dominance of the multi-frequency polarimetric SAR
system. As a new technique, the concept of polarimetric SAR iflterferometYy was
introduced in the end of the dissertation.
要领域，它有效地提高了雷达对场景信息的获取能力，为进一步分析、识别和
检测目标提供了有力的工具。本文针对多极化合成孔径雷达的基本理论、系统
与工作方式，以及极化信息处理等若干问题进行了较为全面而系统的研究和探
索，并提出了一些新的概念与方法。
本文首先从电磁波的极化特性及其表征出发，深入地研究了SAR多极化
测量的基本理论，并详细分析了微波极化测量的基本模型。本文澄清了一些容
易混淆的概念，为研究多极化SAR系统与极化信息处理问题奠定了基础。
本文对多极化星载SAR系统及其工作方式进行了研究，这是一项在国内
具有开创性的工作。本文系统地研究了多极化星载SAR系统设计中的一些实
际问题，在详细分析了多极化星载SAR系统的极化时分（PTD）和极化频分（PFD）
工作方式的基础上，提出了极化码分（PCD）工作方式，并对极化时分与极化频
分工作方式进行了改进，分析和比较的结果证明了它们的有效性。新工作方式
的提出有力地改善了多极化星载SAR系统的技术指标和应用范围，为我国多
极化星载SAR系统的研制提供了参考。
本文就多极化合成孔径雷达极化信息处理问题进行了全面而深入的研究。
内容包括多极化SAR图像的理解、多极化SAR图像相关性分析、多极化SAR
图像最优极化度分析、多极化SAR单视与多视图像的统计特性分析、多极化
SAR图像对比度增强、多极化SAR图像相干斑抑制、以及多极化SAR图像
的分类等方面。本文提出了一些新的分析与计算方法，并处理了一批多极化
SAR图像。
本文对多极化SAR系统的最新理论与应用技术进行了探讨。提出了利用
单频或多频多极化SAR系统进行运动目标检测与成像的新概念，并给出了相
应的实施方案，为有效地利用多频多极化SAR系统资源提供了一个新的途径。
作为一种最新的热点技术，本文的最后引进了多极化SAR干涉的概念。
At present the polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system is an
important aspect of the microwave imaging research and application, which can
efficienily enhance the ability to acquire the information of targets, and provide an
effective approach to further analyze, identify and detect targets. Some problems of
the polarimetric SAR were studied and explored in an all-round and systematical
way, which include the basic theories, system designs, operation modes, and
polarimetric information processing. In addition, some new concepts and analysis
methods were presented.
Firstly, the polarimetric characteristics and description of electromagnetic waves
were introduced, the basic theories of the polarimetric SAR measurements were
studied and the basic models of microwave polarimetric scattering were analyzed in
detail. Besides, some confusing concepts were clarified. All above laid a foundation
for the research of polarimetric SAR system and polarimetric information
processing.
In the dissertation, the spacebrne polarimetric SAR system and its operation
modes were studied, and several actual problems about the design of which were
systematically analyzed. Based on the analysis of the existing Polarization Time
Division (PTD) and Polarization Frequency Division (PFD) operation modes,
Polarization Code Division (PCD) mode were developed. Besides, the PTD and
PFD modes were improved. The analysis and comparison have proved them to be
effective new modes. The new operation modes effectively improved the technical
index, expanded the application field of spaceborne polarimetric SAR system, and
provided a reference for the development of spaceborne polarimetric SAR system in
our country.
The polarimetric SAR information processing was comprehensively and
systematically researched in the dissertation, which includes the understanding of
polarimetric SAR images, correlation analysis ofpolarimetric SAR images, optimal
polarization degree analysis of polarimetric SAR images, statistical and spatial
properties of the single-look and multi-look polarimetric SAR images, contrast
enhancement of polarimetric SAR images, optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric
SAR images, and polarimetric classification. Several new methods of analysis and
computation are provided and some polarimetric images are processed.
Some latest theories and technologies of polarimetric SAR system were
explored. A new concept aboni lltilizing the single-frequency or multi-frequency
polarimetric SAR system to detect and image moving targets was presented, and its
aPpropriate design plan was offered. All these provide us an effective means in
giving full play of resource dominance of the multi-frequency polarimetric SAR
system. As a new technique, the concept of polarimetric SAR iflterferometYy was
introduced in the end of the dissertation.
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