基于Web的大型注塑模报价系统研究
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摘要
模具是生产各种工业产品的重要工艺装备，现代工业中60％～90％的产品要靠模具生产。随着现代工业发展和产品更新换代周期急剧缩短，模具的需求量大幅度增加。另一方面，我国对国外先进模具技术的不断消化吸收，使得模具工业水平与国外的差距愈来愈小，模具出口业务也日益增多。而模具报价是模具制造企业技术、经济、效率和管理的综合反映，是模具企业和客户接触的关键环节，也决定着企业能否获得订单并从中获利。市场经济条件下，客户对模具制造商的要求越来越高，企业之间的竞争日趋激烈，这些都使传统的依据经验进行报价的方法已不能满足现在的报价要求。随着现代社会计算机技术、网络技术以及数据库等高新技术的发展，开发一套能够满足实际报价要求的模具报价软件已成为模具制造商和客户所共同关心的问题。
本文围绕广东省关键领域重点突破项目“汽车大型精密复杂注塑模具数字化制造”(项目编号：2004A10402001)，选取以汽车保险杠模具为代表的大型注塑模为研究对象，开发了一套基于Web的大型注塑模报价系统，旨在给企业提供一种快速、准确地进行模具报价的工具。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
(1)分析了模具报价的常用方法和特点以及计算机辅助报价系统的研究现状，通过对模具价格构成的分析，总结了大型注塑模的制造特点以及价格构成与中小型注塑模的不同之处，构建了大型注塑模的价格构成公式。
(2)将模糊数学理论应用于模具报价中，构建了大型注塑模相似判断的一致矩阵并计算了各相似特征的权重值，实现了大型注塑模报价的模糊查询。
(3)应用Borland Delphi 7.0开发工具、Intraweb 7.2.10 Web开发组件和MSSQL Server 2000数据库平台，开发了基于Web的大型注塑模报价系统，以实例验证了软件的实用性，实现了大型注塑模具报价的软件化和网络化应用。
(4)将系统与大型注塑模设计知识管理软件集成起来，完善了对大型注塑模的资料管理。
该软件界面简洁美观、操作方便，具有良好的人机交互能力，有效地避免了各种繁杂的计算，大大减轻了模具报价人员的工作量，提高了报价的速度和准确性，为企业和客户都带来了方便，成为企业赢得客户的一个非常有利的工具。
Molds/dies are significant technical equipments of producing various industrial products. In modern industry, about 60％～90％products are delivered by molds. With the developing of the modern industry and the sharp shortening of the period of products updating, the demand of molds and dies expands increasingly. On the other hand, we master foreign advanced technology of molds continuously. This makes the gap of mold industry smaller and smaller between our country and foreign countries. The export business is expanding. Molds-quotation is comprehensive reflection of technology、economy、efficiency and management of manufacturers of moulds. It is the first step that mould corporations come into contact with their customs, and also it is the critical aspect that determines whether the mold corporations can obtain the orders and get profit from the mold make. Customer's requirement gets higher and higher and the competition between corporations gets more and more drastic under the market economy condition. All about that make the quotation that calculated by experience can not satisfy the quotation require. So, developing a set of molds quotation software that can satisfying the practical quotation demands becomes common concern questions of the manufacturer of the molds and customer.
The thesis is concerned mainly on the project of "The digitized manufacture of car's large precise complex injection mold", which is a key industries project of the Guangdong province. On the basis of studying about the large injection mold like the fender-guard, we develop a set of Web-based large injection mold quotation system. It can offer a fast and accurate quotation to corporations.
(1) The thesis analyses the method and characteristic of mold quotation and the present state of computer-aided-quotation. The differences between the manufacture characteristic and the cost construction of large injection mold and that of medium and small-sized injection mold are generalized by analyzing the cost construction of mold, then the equation of large injection mold is constructed.
(2) By using fuzzy mathematics theory, the thesis constructs the uniform matrix of large injection mold and the coefficient numerical value of every similar features, achieves fuzzy search of quotation.
(3) Adopting Borland Delphi 7.0、Intraweb control and MSSQL Server 2000, we develop the Web-based large injection mould quotation system, prove the practicability of the software by some examples, fulfill the injection mold quotation system though software and network means.
(4) The system is integrated with large injection mold design knowledge management system. This make the management of large injection mold perfect.
The system has the following features: simple interface, easy to use, favorable man-machine conversation, and so on. It can avoid various complex calculation effectively. It is result correspond to reality, and make better effect.
本文围绕广东省关键领域重点突破项目“汽车大型精密复杂注塑模具数字化制造”(项目编号：2004A10402001)，选取以汽车保险杠模具为代表的大型注塑模为研究对象，开发了一套基于Web的大型注塑模报价系统，旨在给企业提供一种快速、准确地进行模具报价的工具。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
(1)分析了模具报价的常用方法和特点以及计算机辅助报价系统的研究现状，通过对模具价格构成的分析，总结了大型注塑模的制造特点以及价格构成与中小型注塑模的不同之处，构建了大型注塑模的价格构成公式。
(2)将模糊数学理论应用于模具报价中，构建了大型注塑模相似判断的一致矩阵并计算了各相似特征的权重值，实现了大型注塑模报价的模糊查询。
(3)应用Borland Delphi 7.0开发工具、Intraweb 7.2.10 Web开发组件和MSSQL Server 2000数据库平台，开发了基于Web的大型注塑模报价系统，以实例验证了软件的实用性，实现了大型注塑模具报价的软件化和网络化应用。
(4)将系统与大型注塑模设计知识管理软件集成起来，完善了对大型注塑模的资料管理。
该软件界面简洁美观、操作方便，具有良好的人机交互能力，有效地避免了各种繁杂的计算，大大减轻了模具报价人员的工作量，提高了报价的速度和准确性，为企业和客户都带来了方便，成为企业赢得客户的一个非常有利的工具。
Molds/dies are significant technical equipments of producing various industrial products. In modern industry, about 60％～90％products are delivered by molds. With the developing of the modern industry and the sharp shortening of the period of products updating, the demand of molds and dies expands increasingly. On the other hand, we master foreign advanced technology of molds continuously. This makes the gap of mold industry smaller and smaller between our country and foreign countries. The export business is expanding. Molds-quotation is comprehensive reflection of technology、economy、efficiency and management of manufacturers of moulds. It is the first step that mould corporations come into contact with their customs, and also it is the critical aspect that determines whether the mold corporations can obtain the orders and get profit from the mold make. Customer's requirement gets higher and higher and the competition between corporations gets more and more drastic under the market economy condition. All about that make the quotation that calculated by experience can not satisfy the quotation require. So, developing a set of molds quotation software that can satisfying the practical quotation demands becomes common concern questions of the manufacturer of the molds and customer.
The thesis is concerned mainly on the project of "The digitized manufacture of car's large precise complex injection mold", which is a key industries project of the Guangdong province. On the basis of studying about the large injection mold like the fender-guard, we develop a set of Web-based large injection mold quotation system. It can offer a fast and accurate quotation to corporations.
(1) The thesis analyses the method and characteristic of mold quotation and the present state of computer-aided-quotation. The differences between the manufacture characteristic and the cost construction of large injection mold and that of medium and small-sized injection mold are generalized by analyzing the cost construction of mold, then the equation of large injection mold is constructed.
(2) By using fuzzy mathematics theory, the thesis constructs the uniform matrix of large injection mold and the coefficient numerical value of every similar features, achieves fuzzy search of quotation.
(3) Adopting Borland Delphi 7.0、Intraweb control and MSSQL Server 2000, we develop the Web-based large injection mould quotation system, prove the practicability of the software by some examples, fulfill the injection mold quotation system though software and network means.
(4) The system is integrated with large injection mold design knowledge management system. This make the management of large injection mold perfect.
The system has the following features: simple interface, easy to use, favorable man-machine conversation, and so on. It can avoid various complex calculation effectively. It is result correspond to reality, and make better effect.
引文
[1]刘向阳，屈平．我国模具工业发展现状[J]．世界制造技术与装备市场，2004(2)：58～60．
[2]中国模具工业协会．模具计价手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2006．04．
[3]Chun, Brent Nee. Market-based cluster resource management. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 63-02, Section: B, page: 873.
[4]马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理[M]．机械工业出版社，2005．05．
[5]Wood, Charles Alan. Collusion and Opportunism in electronic commerce: Analyzing seller behavior and strategies in electronic marketplaces with information asymmetry. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 62-11, Section: A, page: 3857.
[6]宋刚．基于C/S、B/S混合模式的注塑模具报价系统研究[D]．郑州大学硕士论文，2003．04．
[7]Mares, Vladimir. Essays in joint bidding. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 62-10, Section: A, page: 3512.
[8]丘宏扬，曹行钢，孙延明．基于ASP模式的模具报价系统的研究[J]．模具工业，2003(3)：41～43．
[9]俞子骁．客户对注塑模具报价要求概述[J]．模具工业，2000(4)：44～47．
[10]刘维凯．冲压模具成本预测系统研究与开发[D]．山东大学硕士论文，2002．11．
[11]冯建文．基于三维CAD软件的模具价格预算系统开发的研究[D]．大连理工大学硕士论文，2003．03．
[12]王辉，俞子骁，周雄辉，阮雪榆．注塑件模具成本评估方法研究综述[J]．模具工业，2002(2)：12～16．
[13]刘航．模具价格估算[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[14]杨载斌．型腔模具计算机辅助报价关键技术研究[D]．浙江大学硕士论文，2003．01．
[15]Chan, S. F., Law, C. K., Chan, K. K. Computerized price quoting system for injection mould manufacture. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 139, 2003: 212～218.
[16]许超，王宗祥．中小型塑料注射模报价系统模型研究[J]．模具工业，1993(3)：3．
[17]陈子健．基于实例的注射模具报价方法研究[D]．华中科技大学硕士论文，2005．05．
[18]张新杰．基于成本核算的注塑模具报价系统的研究与开发[D]．山东大学硕士论文，2005．05．
[19]Kalkulationsgrundsatze fur die Berechnung von SpritzdieBwerkzeugen. Published by Fachverband Technische Teile in the Gesamtverband Kunststoffverbeitende Industrie e. V. (GKV) in cooperation with the study group Werkzeugkalkulation of the Fachverband Technische Teile in the GKV, Frankfurt, 1988.
[20]Shing OngNan. Design for Manufacture of A Cost-based System for Molded Parts. Advances in Polymer Technology, 1999, 18(1): 33～42.
[21]Seydel, John; Olson, David L. 1990 Bids considering multiple criteria. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management V 116 n 4 Dec 1990 p 609～623.
[22]Cather, H. L.: Chan, K. H. Integrated approach to computer aided estimating, IEE Conference Publication. 1994, 10.
[23]Boothroyd, G., Dewhurst, P., Knight, W. Product design for manufacture and assembly[M]. Incny: Published by MarcelDekker, 1994. 319-360.
[24]王都．模具工业发展中的几个问题[J]．模具工业，2000．02．
[25]唐志玉．大型注塑模具设计技术原理与应用[MI．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2004．09．
[26]姜晓鹏．汽车模具报价方法研究[D]．西北工业大学硕士论文，2004．03．
[27]杨伦标，高英仪．模糊数学——原理及应用．第一版．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1993．
[28]张光鉴．相似论[M]．江苏：科学技术出版社，1992．
[29]张吉军．模糊层次分析法(FAHP)[J]．模糊系统与数学，2000．06．．
[30]《Delphi 7组件编程参考手册》编写组．Delphi 7组件编程参考手册[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．11．
[31]求是科技编著．Delphi 7程序设计与开发技术大全[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004．11．
[32]张曜，张青，李彬．Delphi函数实用手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．12．
[33]飞思科技产品研发中心 编著．Delphi 7数据库应用开发[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．02．
[34]陈省．Delphi深度探索[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．01．
[35]余晨，李文炬．SQL Server 2000培训教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．07．
[36]张曜．SQL Server函数实用手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2003．10．
[37]陈小龙．中小型制造企业Internet应用研究[D]．浙江大学硕士论文，2001．
[38]Steve Teixeirs, Xavier Pacheco. Delphi 5 Developer's Guide. USA Sams Publishing Jul, 2000: 969～988.
[39]马瑞伍．大型注塑模设计知识管理系统研究[D]．广东工业大学硕士论文，2006．05．
[40]杨国强，陆萍，张志军．ERWin数据建模[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．10．
[41]王淦．中小企业ERP系统研究与开发[D]．四川大学硕士论文，2002．05．
[2]中国模具工业协会．模具计价手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2006．04．
[3]Chun, Brent Nee. Market-based cluster resource management. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 63-02, Section: B, page: 873.
[4]马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理[M]．机械工业出版社，2005．05．
[5]Wood, Charles Alan. Collusion and Opportunism in electronic commerce: Analyzing seller behavior and strategies in electronic marketplaces with information asymmetry. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 62-11, Section: A, page: 3857.
[6]宋刚．基于C/S、B/S混合模式的注塑模具报价系统研究[D]．郑州大学硕士论文，2003．04．
[7]Mares, Vladimir. Essays in joint bidding. Dissertation Abstracts International. 2001, Volume: 62-10, Section: A, page: 3512.
[8]丘宏扬，曹行钢，孙延明．基于ASP模式的模具报价系统的研究[J]．模具工业，2003(3)：41～43．
[9]俞子骁．客户对注塑模具报价要求概述[J]．模具工业，2000(4)：44～47．
[10]刘维凯．冲压模具成本预测系统研究与开发[D]．山东大学硕士论文，2002．11．
[11]冯建文．基于三维CAD软件的模具价格预算系统开发的研究[D]．大连理工大学硕士论文，2003．03．
[12]王辉，俞子骁，周雄辉，阮雪榆．注塑件模具成本评估方法研究综述[J]．模具工业，2002(2)：12～16．
[13]刘航．模具价格估算[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[14]杨载斌．型腔模具计算机辅助报价关键技术研究[D]．浙江大学硕士论文，2003．01．
[15]Chan, S. F., Law, C. K., Chan, K. K. Computerized price quoting system for injection mould manufacture. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 139, 2003: 212～218.
[16]许超，王宗祥．中小型塑料注射模报价系统模型研究[J]．模具工业，1993(3)：3．
[17]陈子健．基于实例的注射模具报价方法研究[D]．华中科技大学硕士论文，2005．05．
[18]张新杰．基于成本核算的注塑模具报价系统的研究与开发[D]．山东大学硕士论文，2005．05．
[19]Kalkulationsgrundsatze fur die Berechnung von SpritzdieBwerkzeugen. Published by Fachverband Technische Teile in the Gesamtverband Kunststoffverbeitende Industrie e. V. (GKV) in cooperation with the study group Werkzeugkalkulation of the Fachverband Technische Teile in the GKV, Frankfurt, 1988.
[20]Shing OngNan. Design for Manufacture of A Cost-based System for Molded Parts. Advances in Polymer Technology, 1999, 18(1): 33～42.
[21]Seydel, John; Olson, David L. 1990 Bids considering multiple criteria. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management V 116 n 4 Dec 1990 p 609～623.
[22]Cather, H. L.: Chan, K. H. Integrated approach to computer aided estimating, IEE Conference Publication. 1994, 10.
[23]Boothroyd, G., Dewhurst, P., Knight, W. Product design for manufacture and assembly[M]. Incny: Published by MarcelDekker, 1994. 319-360.
[24]王都．模具工业发展中的几个问题[J]．模具工业，2000．02．
[25]唐志玉．大型注塑模具设计技术原理与应用[MI．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2004．09．
[26]姜晓鹏．汽车模具报价方法研究[D]．西北工业大学硕士论文，2004．03．
[27]杨伦标，高英仪．模糊数学——原理及应用．第一版．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1993．
[28]张光鉴．相似论[M]．江苏：科学技术出版社，1992．
[29]张吉军．模糊层次分析法(FAHP)[J]．模糊系统与数学，2000．06．．
[30]《Delphi 7组件编程参考手册》编写组．Delphi 7组件编程参考手册[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．11．
[31]求是科技编著．Delphi 7程序设计与开发技术大全[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004．11．
[32]张曜，张青，李彬．Delphi函数实用手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．12．
[33]飞思科技产品研发中心 编著．Delphi 7数据库应用开发[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．02．
[34]陈省．Delphi深度探索[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．01．
[35]余晨，李文炬．SQL Server 2000培训教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．07．
[36]张曜．SQL Server函数实用手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2003．10．
[37]陈小龙．中小型制造企业Internet应用研究[D]．浙江大学硕士论文，2001．
[38]Steve Teixeirs, Xavier Pacheco. Delphi 5 Developer's Guide. USA Sams Publishing Jul, 2000: 969～988.
[39]马瑞伍．大型注塑模设计知识管理系统研究[D]．广东工业大学硕士论文，2006．05．
[40]杨国强，陆萍，张志军．ERWin数据建模[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．10．
[41]王淦．中小企业ERP系统研究与开发[D]．四川大学硕士论文，2002．05．