基于AHP与CBR技术的注射模智能报价方法研究
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摘要
随着现代工业快速发展和产品更新换代周期急剧缩短,模具的需求量日益增长。这在给模具制造企业带来了巨大机遇的同时,也带来了更为激烈残酷的市场竞争。努力赢得订单是现今模具制造企业生存和发展的基础,因此,面对客户的询价,如何对模具产品进行准确、快速地报价是每个模具制造企业面临的重大课题。本文就此展开了研究,在参考大量文献的基础上,创造性地提出了分组报价的思路和报价软件个性化定制的思想,结合层次分析法(AHP)与CBR技术,并融合CAD参数自动提取技术,建立了计算机辅助智能报价模型,开发了一个注射模计算机辅助智能报价的原型系统。以下是本文各章内容的概述:
第一章探讨了对模具产品进行准确、快速地报价的重大意义,着重回顾了国内外模具报价方法以及计算机辅助模具报价系统的研究现状,并提出了本文的研究对象和研究内容。
第二章详细介绍了AHP与CBR的一些基本原理、发展概况和关键实现技术,尤其是对AHP层次结构模型的构建、CBR实现技术中事例的表示与存储,检索和修改以及事例库的维护作了详细的论述。
第三章抽取了一系列对注射模价格产生重要影响的问题特征,连同模具价格构成注射模价格事例的表示模型。研究了DXF文件信息的自动提取技术。选用了改进的Kolodner距离作为注射模价格事例相似度的度量公式。根据问题特征取值类型的不同,定义了数值型问题特征的相似度函数和字符型问题特征的相似度表,针对采用CBR技术问题特征权重不易确定的问题,利用层次分析法对各问题特征权重进行了专门的研究,使得权重赋值具有系统性和自动化功能,另外给出了注射模价格事例库两个维护原则。
第四章介绍了智能报价模型的报价流程,详细讨论了报价模型中的四个主要模块:软件个性化定制模块、整体模具价格检索模块、分组价格检索模块和分组直接计算模块,并对各模块的要点作了详尽分析。
第五章在前面几章理论研究的基础上,以Visual FoxPro 9.0为系统开发工具,开发了注射模计算机辅助智能报价系统,并对开发的原型系统的各个功能模块进行了概述。最后给出了一个注射模具价格估算的应用实例,对系统的可行性作了验证。
第六章总结了全文的主要研究内容成果,并对今后研究方向提出展望。
With the rapid development of modern industry and the sharp shortening of products' upgrading period, demand for moulds is ever growing. This leads to more opportunity to mold-making companies as well as fiercer competition. In order to survive and keep on developing, mold-making companies must make arduous efforts for more orders. So how to quote a mold accurately and quickly becomes an important problem when in the face of inquiry. Thus a research was made by this paper. Having consulted many literatures, this paper put forward the method of quoting by the parts and customization and adjustability of quotation software in a creative way. Using AHP and CBR technology, combined with automatic extraction of CAD parameters, a CAD intelligent quotation model was established and a prototype system was developed. The outlines of each chapter of this paper are as follows:
Chapter one discussed the importance of quoting a mold quickly and exactly at first, and then focused on reviewing mold quotation methods and current situation of computer-aided mould quotation system at home and abroad. Lastly it proposed the contents and goals of the research.
Chapter two presented the basic principles、phytogenies and key technologies of AHP and CBR in detail. This chapter laid the emphases on the construction of AHP hierarchical structure and key technologies of CBR such as case presentation, case storage, case retrieval, case adaptation and case-library update.
Chapter three extracted several features that play an important role in the cost of injection molds, and then introduced a presentation model using the above features and mold price. Intelligent extraction of DXF files' information was studied in this paper. It adopted improved Kolodner distance as the formula to calculate similarity between price cases. Considering differences between features, this paper defined similarity functions for digital features and similarity tables for character features. With respect to the diffculty of determing case feature weights, a pertinent research was made in this paper using AHP to make weights-determing automatic and systematic. At last how to update and maintain the price case library of injection molds was also discussed.
Chapter four introduced the quoting flow of the intelligent quotation model. It discussed the four main modules in detail: customization module, quoting on the whole mold module, quoting on the parts module and part calculating module.
Chapter five, on the basis of theory research in former chapters, built a computer-aided quotation system for injection molds with Visual FoxPro 9.0 as the development tool, and then introduced each function module of the system in general. In the end of this chapter, an example of injection molds was used to test the system's reliability.
Chapter six summarized the main contents and achievements of this paper, and put forward the direction for the future research.
第一章探讨了对模具产品进行准确、快速地报价的重大意义,着重回顾了国内外模具报价方法以及计算机辅助模具报价系统的研究现状,并提出了本文的研究对象和研究内容。
第二章详细介绍了AHP与CBR的一些基本原理、发展概况和关键实现技术,尤其是对AHP层次结构模型的构建、CBR实现技术中事例的表示与存储,检索和修改以及事例库的维护作了详细的论述。
第三章抽取了一系列对注射模价格产生重要影响的问题特征,连同模具价格构成注射模价格事例的表示模型。研究了DXF文件信息的自动提取技术。选用了改进的Kolodner距离作为注射模价格事例相似度的度量公式。根据问题特征取值类型的不同,定义了数值型问题特征的相似度函数和字符型问题特征的相似度表,针对采用CBR技术问题特征权重不易确定的问题,利用层次分析法对各问题特征权重进行了专门的研究,使得权重赋值具有系统性和自动化功能,另外给出了注射模价格事例库两个维护原则。
第四章介绍了智能报价模型的报价流程,详细讨论了报价模型中的四个主要模块:软件个性化定制模块、整体模具价格检索模块、分组价格检索模块和分组直接计算模块,并对各模块的要点作了详尽分析。
第五章在前面几章理论研究的基础上,以Visual FoxPro 9.0为系统开发工具,开发了注射模计算机辅助智能报价系统,并对开发的原型系统的各个功能模块进行了概述。最后给出了一个注射模具价格估算的应用实例,对系统的可行性作了验证。
第六章总结了全文的主要研究内容成果,并对今后研究方向提出展望。
With the rapid development of modern industry and the sharp shortening of products' upgrading period, demand for moulds is ever growing. This leads to more opportunity to mold-making companies as well as fiercer competition. In order to survive and keep on developing, mold-making companies must make arduous efforts for more orders. So how to quote a mold accurately and quickly becomes an important problem when in the face of inquiry. Thus a research was made by this paper. Having consulted many literatures, this paper put forward the method of quoting by the parts and customization and adjustability of quotation software in a creative way. Using AHP and CBR technology, combined with automatic extraction of CAD parameters, a CAD intelligent quotation model was established and a prototype system was developed. The outlines of each chapter of this paper are as follows:
Chapter one discussed the importance of quoting a mold quickly and exactly at first, and then focused on reviewing mold quotation methods and current situation of computer-aided mould quotation system at home and abroad. Lastly it proposed the contents and goals of the research.
Chapter two presented the basic principles、phytogenies and key technologies of AHP and CBR in detail. This chapter laid the emphases on the construction of AHP hierarchical structure and key technologies of CBR such as case presentation, case storage, case retrieval, case adaptation and case-library update.
Chapter three extracted several features that play an important role in the cost of injection molds, and then introduced a presentation model using the above features and mold price. Intelligent extraction of DXF files' information was studied in this paper. It adopted improved Kolodner distance as the formula to calculate similarity between price cases. Considering differences between features, this paper defined similarity functions for digital features and similarity tables for character features. With respect to the diffculty of determing case feature weights, a pertinent research was made in this paper using AHP to make weights-determing automatic and systematic. At last how to update and maintain the price case library of injection molds was also discussed.
Chapter four introduced the quoting flow of the intelligent quotation model. It discussed the four main modules in detail: customization module, quoting on the whole mold module, quoting on the parts module and part calculating module.
Chapter five, on the basis of theory research in former chapters, built a computer-aided quotation system for injection molds with Visual FoxPro 9.0 as the development tool, and then introduced each function module of the system in general. In the end of this chapter, an example of injection molds was used to test the system's reliability.
Chapter six summarized the main contents and achievements of this paper, and put forward the direction for the future research.
引文
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[4]中国塑料模具网.近年来我国塑料模具的现状和发展概况.2007
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[6]中国模具工业协会编.模具计价办法参考手册[M].北京:机械工业部机械市场咨询服务中心,1993
[7]刘航主编.模具价格估算[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[8]付伟,龚志远.模具报价策略与计算方式[J].华东交通大学学报,2005,22(02):115-119
[9]杨载斌.型腔模具计算机辅助报价关键技术研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003年1月
[10]王辉,俞子骁,周雄辉等.注塑件/模具成本评估研究综述[J].Die and Mould Technology,2002,(02):12-16
[11]Mohamed EI-Mehalawi,B.S M.S.A ceometric similarity case-based reasoning system for cost estimation in net-shape manufacturing[D].The OhioState University,the Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor,1999:1-36
[12]闫光荣,许鹤峰等译.注射模具制造工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[13]Weustink IF,Ten Brinke E,Streppel AH,etc.A generic framework for cost estimation and cost control in product design[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000(103):1-8
[14]Sbing Ong-Nan.Design for manufacture of a case-based system for molded parts[J].Advance in polymer technology,1998,18(1):33-42
[15]俞水林.PDM支持下电除尘器产品快速报价技术研究及应用[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005年12月
[16]胡发宗,陈健.模具报价系统[J].现代金属加工,2006,(04):48
[17]郑征.工模具行业专业报价解决方案[J].数字化制造与装备,2005,(04):149
[18]卿兆波,小型冲压模具报价方法研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002年1月
[19]李洁.基于CORBA的注射成型模具报价辅助系统[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2002年4月
[20]曲中江,郭成等.注塑模价格评估专家系统[J].模具工业,1999,(7):9-12
[21]孙希威,注塑模具机械加工成本报价系统[J].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文, 2000年6月
[22]王辉,田晓东,周雄辉等.基于事例推理的注塑模成本评估系统[J].上海交通大学学报,2002,36(7):925-929
[23]陈子键,欧阳红群,李建军.基于实例的模具价格估算方法[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(7):25-29
[24]谭跃进主编.定量分析方法.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006
[25]周美立.相似学.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993
[26]Riesbeck.C.K,Schank.R.C.Inside Case Based Reasoning[M].US,Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1989
[27]Kolodner.Case-Based Reasoning[J].Morgan Kaufmann,1993:243-280
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[29]Friedrich Gebhardt,Angi Vod,Wolfgang Grather.Barbara Schmidt-Belz.Reasoning with Complex Cases[J].KLUWER ACADEMIC PINLISHERS,1997:33-46
[30]http://www.ai-cbr.com
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