基于DSP技术的ADSL测试方法的研究
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摘要
不对称数字用户线（ADSL，Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop）是目前比较流行的宽带接入方式，它使用现有的铜质电话线作为传输介质，采用先进的信号调制方式和高速的数字信号处理技术相结合，上行速度为100 Kbps～800Kbps，下行速度为1Mbps～8Mbps。由于目前电话网络已经十分普及，因此ADSL几乎不需要重新布线，很适合解决目前宽带网络的瓶颈——“最后一公里”问题。近几年来，ADSL在世界范围内得到充分的使用，广泛应用于视频点播、远程医疗、网上购物等各个方面。
但是由于电话线网络是专门为传输低频信号而设计，而ADSL的频谱范围在0～1.104MHz内，因此在传输ADSL信号时，面临着信号衰减、线路噪声、串音干扰、桥接抽头反射和射频干扰等等多方面的问题，这就要求在ADSL开通之前对线路进行一系列的测试。随着ADSL业务的广泛开展，对ADSL测试仪表的需求也逐年增大，有很大的市场空间。目前ADSL的测试仪表在测量方法上问题较多，价格昂贵且主要是国外品牌，因此开发一种通用价廉的ADSL的测试仪表很有必要。
本文作者在深入了解ADSL传输特点的基础上，总结了线路上主要噪声源的特点及其对ADSL传输性能的影响。通过对国内外现有ADSL检测设备的特点进行总结和比较之后，找出了传统测试方法的不足之处,指出易用性、通用性和可扩展性是设计ADSL 测试仪表的关键，提出了新的ADSL线路传输特性的检测方案——使用自适应算法实现对ADSL整个频段的衰减情况动态测量，并且在MATLAB上进行了仿真。在验证了方案的正确性之后，通过对目前数字信号处理器的详细了解，基于德州仪器(TI，Texas Instruments)的TMS320C6000系列的DSP平台，设计了以TMS320C6203B为核心的ADSL检测仪器，规划了仪器的整体硬件框架和软件框架。作者还以实现算法为中心，完成了主要的硬件设计和DSP目标板的软件系统的设计以及上位机程序的设计。
本文共分为六章：第一章总结了国内外ADSL测试仪器的特点和不足之处；第二章以测试为核心介绍了ADSL传输的基本知识及影响传输速率的主要因素；第三章提出了自适应测试方案并且建立了模型在MATLAB中进行了仿真；第四章设计了以TMS320为核心的测试仪器硬件结构；第五章介绍了整个系统的软件的开发并详细介绍了核心算法的实现，为将来进一步完成仪器的设计打下基础；第六章对全文进行了总结。
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) is a prevalence fashion of broadband solutions today. It uses the installed base of copper telephone line as the transmission medium. With the combined use of sophisticated signal modulate methods and the high speed digital signal process technology, it's upstream speed can be 100Kbps to 800Kbps and the downstream delivers from 1Mbps to 8Mbps. As the telephone networks are installed at large, ADSL almost needn't carryout any new lines. It is very suite to eliminate "the last mile" bottleneck of today's broadband solutions. For recent years, ADSL has world widely employed and widely used in many aspects such as VOD, remote medical treatment and e-shopping etc.
But we noticed that the traditional telephone networks are designed for the transmission of low frequency signals, and the ADSL's frequency rang is from 0 to 1.104MHz, so we must confront the signal attenuation, the loop line noise impairments, the crosstalk interferences, the bridge tap reflections and the RF disturbances problems and many other problems when transmitting the ADSL signals one the telephone networks. A series of test must be carried out before ADSL provide services. With the ADSL service developing, the demand of ADSL test instruments increases rapidly, and the market space is very expanse. At present, there many questions in test methods of the ADSL test instruments while the prices are very high, and more, the manufactures are mostly foreign companies. It is necessary to develop a general-purpose and cheap kind of ADSL test instruments.
Based on the lucubration of ADSL's transmission characters, the author concluded the main noise sources on the loop and their influences to the ADSL's transmission performance. According to the review and comparison of today's ADSL test instruments, the author finds the lack of the traditional test methods and indicates that easy to use, versatility and extensible are crucial aspects to design an ADSL test instruments. The author also bring up a new method, the adaptive test method which can be used to test the ADSL's transmission characters on the whole band dynamically. Simulations on MATLB are carried out to test the algorithm's validity. After a thorough study on the DSP Platforms, the author designed the instrument based primarily on TMS320C6000 DSP Platforms of Texas Instrument Incorporation, the TMS320C6203B processor. The entity frame of hardware and software are planned.
Surrounding the actualization of the algorithm, the author accomplished the main hardware and software design of the DSP target. The upper computer software has also been designed.
There six chapters in this thesis. The first chapter concluded the characters of today's ADSL test instruments and their lacks. The second chapter introduced the ADSL transmission's basic knowledge and the main influence factors of the transmitting speed surrounding ADSL's test. The third chapter brought up the adaptive algorithm and simulations on MATLAB were carried out. The fourth chapter introduced the hardware design based on TMS320C6203B.The fifth chapter introduced the software design and the critical algorithm's realization. A conclusion was carried out in the sixth chapter.
但是由于电话线网络是专门为传输低频信号而设计，而ADSL的频谱范围在0～1.104MHz内，因此在传输ADSL信号时，面临着信号衰减、线路噪声、串音干扰、桥接抽头反射和射频干扰等等多方面的问题，这就要求在ADSL开通之前对线路进行一系列的测试。随着ADSL业务的广泛开展，对ADSL测试仪表的需求也逐年增大，有很大的市场空间。目前ADSL的测试仪表在测量方法上问题较多，价格昂贵且主要是国外品牌，因此开发一种通用价廉的ADSL的测试仪表很有必要。
本文作者在深入了解ADSL传输特点的基础上，总结了线路上主要噪声源的特点及其对ADSL传输性能的影响。通过对国内外现有ADSL检测设备的特点进行总结和比较之后，找出了传统测试方法的不足之处,指出易用性、通用性和可扩展性是设计ADSL 测试仪表的关键，提出了新的ADSL线路传输特性的检测方案——使用自适应算法实现对ADSL整个频段的衰减情况动态测量，并且在MATLAB上进行了仿真。在验证了方案的正确性之后，通过对目前数字信号处理器的详细了解，基于德州仪器(TI，Texas Instruments)的TMS320C6000系列的DSP平台，设计了以TMS320C6203B为核心的ADSL检测仪器，规划了仪器的整体硬件框架和软件框架。作者还以实现算法为中心，完成了主要的硬件设计和DSP目标板的软件系统的设计以及上位机程序的设计。
本文共分为六章：第一章总结了国内外ADSL测试仪器的特点和不足之处；第二章以测试为核心介绍了ADSL传输的基本知识及影响传输速率的主要因素；第三章提出了自适应测试方案并且建立了模型在MATLAB中进行了仿真；第四章设计了以TMS320为核心的测试仪器硬件结构；第五章介绍了整个系统的软件的开发并详细介绍了核心算法的实现，为将来进一步完成仪器的设计打下基础；第六章对全文进行了总结。
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) is a prevalence fashion of broadband solutions today. It uses the installed base of copper telephone line as the transmission medium. With the combined use of sophisticated signal modulate methods and the high speed digital signal process technology, it's upstream speed can be 100Kbps to 800Kbps and the downstream delivers from 1Mbps to 8Mbps. As the telephone networks are installed at large, ADSL almost needn't carryout any new lines. It is very suite to eliminate "the last mile" bottleneck of today's broadband solutions. For recent years, ADSL has world widely employed and widely used in many aspects such as VOD, remote medical treatment and e-shopping etc.
But we noticed that the traditional telephone networks are designed for the transmission of low frequency signals, and the ADSL's frequency rang is from 0 to 1.104MHz, so we must confront the signal attenuation, the loop line noise impairments, the crosstalk interferences, the bridge tap reflections and the RF disturbances problems and many other problems when transmitting the ADSL signals one the telephone networks. A series of test must be carried out before ADSL provide services. With the ADSL service developing, the demand of ADSL test instruments increases rapidly, and the market space is very expanse. At present, there many questions in test methods of the ADSL test instruments while the prices are very high, and more, the manufactures are mostly foreign companies. It is necessary to develop a general-purpose and cheap kind of ADSL test instruments.
Based on the lucubration of ADSL's transmission characters, the author concluded the main noise sources on the loop and their influences to the ADSL's transmission performance. According to the review and comparison of today's ADSL test instruments, the author finds the lack of the traditional test methods and indicates that easy to use, versatility and extensible are crucial aspects to design an ADSL test instruments. The author also bring up a new method, the adaptive test method which can be used to test the ADSL's transmission characters on the whole band dynamically. Simulations on MATLB are carried out to test the algorithm's validity. After a thorough study on the DSP Platforms, the author designed the instrument based primarily on TMS320C6000 DSP Platforms of Texas Instrument Incorporation, the TMS320C6203B processor. The entity frame of hardware and software are planned.
Surrounding the actualization of the algorithm, the author accomplished the main hardware and software design of the DSP target. The upper computer software has also been designed.
There six chapters in this thesis. The first chapter concluded the characters of today's ADSL test instruments and their lacks. The second chapter introduced the ADSL transmission's basic knowledge and the main influence factors of the transmitting speed surrounding ADSL's test. The third chapter brought up the adaptive algorithm and simulations on MATLAB were carried out. The fourth chapter introduced the hardware design based on TMS320C6203B.The fifth chapter introduced the software design and the critical algorithm's realization. A conclusion was carried out in the sixth chapter.
引文
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[4] 陈向东，高速接入技术，电脑技术，1997.10 pp3-5
[5] 曹岳，ADSL、ISDN与Cable Modem之比较，中国数据通信，2001.12，p6-11
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[9] 李彤、刘彩霞，ADSL现存问题的几点考虑，通讯世界，1999.6, p43
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[2] 黄杰、胡夫远，ADSL和LAN应用的经济技术比较，世界电讯，2001 vol.9, pp 41-44
[3] 吴蒙、施乐乐、毕厚杰，电信科学， ADSL和电缆调制, 1998 vol. 3, pp14-17
[4] 陈向东，高速接入技术，电脑技术，1997.10 pp3-5
[5] 曹岳，ADSL、ISDN与Cable Modem之比较，中国数据通信，2001.12，p6-11
[6] 高波，ADSL 与ISDN技术，电信快报，1999 vol.10, pp23-25
[7] 薛兴华，ADSL发展状况及市场前景，中国数据通信，2001.9, p63-65
[8] 黄河振，ADSL技术应用的现状及前景，数据通信，1999 vol.1, pp54-56
[9] 李彤、刘彩霞，ADSL现存问题的几点考虑，通讯世界，1999.6, p43
[10] 尤学智,ADSL技术分析及其发展，长春邮电学报,2001 vol.19 No.2, pp51-57
[11] Reusens, P.， Van Bruyssel, D.， Sevenhans, J.， Van Den Bergh, S.，Van Nimmen, B.，Spruyt, P.； A practical ADSL technology following a decade of effort ，IEEE Communications Magazine ， Volume: 39 Issue: 10， Oct 2001，pp 145 -151
[12] Dennis J. Rauschmayer 著、杨威 王巧燕 译， ADSL/VDSL原理，人民邮电出版社， 2001.4
[13] 刘丹谱,乐光新,ADSL的线路调制技术, 电声技术,1997.7， pp18-21
[14] Chow, P.S.; Cioffi, J.M.; Bingham, J.A.C.; DMT-based ADSL: concept, architecture, and performance High speed Access Technology and Services, Including Video-on-Demand (Digest No. 1994/192), IEE Colloquium on , 19 Oct 1994 ,pp 3/1 -3/6
[15] 郭士秋，ADSL宽带网技术，清华大学出版社，2001.5 pp211-219
[16] Kok-Wui Cheong， Cioffi, J.M.； Discrete wavelet transforms in multi-carrier modulation ，Global Telecommunications Conference, 1998. GLOBECOM 98. The Bridge to Global Integration. IEEE , Volume: 5 , 1998 ，pp2794 -2799 vol.5
[17] Tzannes, M.A.; Tzannes, M.C.; Proakis, J.; Heller, P.N.; DMT systems, DWMT systems and digital filter banks ,Communications, 1994. ICC 94, SUPERCOMM/ICC '94, Conference Record, Serving Humanity Through Communications. IEEE International Conference on , 1-5 May 1994 , pp 311 -315 vol.1
[18] 胡建彰、毕厚杰、王崇民,多载波传输技术及其在宽带接入网中的应用，数字通信，2000 Vol.27 No.03, pp38-40
[19] 吴国伟、司锡才、杨莘元、栾心芙、李建宇，DMT与DWMT性能比较及其在ADSL系统中的组合应用研究，哈尔滨工程大学学报，2002. Vol.23 No.3，pp77-81
[20] 杨邦湘，ADSL的原理与应用，现代有线传输，1995.Vol.4, pp26-30
[21] 沈宇超，ADSL与ADS.LLite的发展前景，北京电信科技，2001. Vol.1 pp7-9
[22] 吴锦瑚、李玮、蔡晓阳， 影响ADSL线路质量因素的分析，中国数据通信，2001.9，pp5-8
[23] Schutt-Aine, J.E.; High-frequency characterization of twisted-pair cables, Communications, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 49 Issue: 4 , Apr 2001, pp 598 -601
[24] Chen, W.Y.; Waring, D.L.; ADSL noise environment and potential system performance Communications, 1994. ICC 94, SUPERCOMM/ICC '94, Conference Record, Serving Humanity Through Communications. IEEE International Conference on , 1-5 May 1994 ,vol.1 pp451 -455
[25] Magesacher, T.; Haar, S.; Zukunft, R . ,Analysis of the noise environment in future twisted-pair access technologies ,Broadband Communications for the Internet Era Symposium digest, 2001 IEEE Emerging Technologies Symposium on , 2001,pp 118 -122
[26] John W.Cook, Rob H.Kirkby, Martin G.Booth, Kevin T.Foster, Don E.A.Clarke, and Gavin Young BT Laboratories ,The Noise and Crosstalk Environment for ADSL and VDSL Systems, IEEE Communication Magazine, May 1999, pp73-78
[27] Daou, F.H.; Overview of ADSL test requirement towards conformance, performance and interoperability AUTOTESTCON '98. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference., 1998 IEEE , 24-27 Aug 1998 pp413 -420
[28] Walter Goralski, Hill Associates, xDSL Loop Qualification and Testing, IEEE Communication Magazine , May 1999, pp 80-83
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