水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜传热传质机理及在海洋平台海水淡化中的应用
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摘要
当物体空间尺寸微细化后出现了空间微尺度效应,时间或空间微尺度化下出现了很多与常规尺度下的不同物理现象,探索这些物理现象的本质,如微尺度时空的传热传质、流体流动规律,发现这些规律的研究方法和测试技术,以及将该方面的研究成果应用在工程上,研制开发微尺度传热传质的新产品,都是迫切需要解决的科学技术问题,已成为国际传热研究前沿的研究热点。
所谓水平螺旋微槽管壁面液体升膜是指当水平螺旋微槽管的底部表面与液面相切或微微浸入时,由润湿力、毛细力和温差驱动力等克服重力,驱动液体自下而上在管壁形成均匀连续的覆盖整个管表面的薄液膜。采用超景深三维显微镜系统可视化观察了水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成及流动状态,在管壁内埋设0.5mm铠装热电偶定点测量水平螺旋微槽管壁面周向温度。在此基础上用不平衡热力学理论分析水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成的影响因素,流动的驱动力及其耦合关系。在对升膜的速度分布和厚度分布进行数值模拟的基础上,得出正交曲线坐标系下水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发换热的热量表达式。建立水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜传热试验台,得出水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜换热系数在周向上的分布,并对不同热流密度及强化措施进行分析比较。对水平螺旋微槽管壁面多组分流体升膜形成及传热进行分析,以乙醇水混合物和Nacl溶液为工质对不同浓度的多组分流体升膜传热进行比较,为工程应用提供理论支持。
以单效水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化试验参数为依据设计更为高效紧凑的多效海水淡化装置与流程,并进行了数值分析计算。将水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜多效海水淡化的各效换热温差及造水量与相同工况下竖管降膜海水淡化的相应参数进行比较,分析了水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化装置在海洋环境(海洋平台、舰船)中应用的适应性。
通过以上研究发现水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成受到毛细压力、润湿力、周向温差、汽泡等多种因素的综合作用,各项力对升膜的质量和热量传递之间存在耦合效应。水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜不需要循环泵,且能够在螺旋微槽中实现欠热蒸发和过冷沸腾,通过实验得出其换热系数。对多组份流体在水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜的形成和换热有了初步的分析,为适应于海洋环境条件下的海水淡化装置和流程设计提供了依据。对九效水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化进行参数计算,并与相同工况下的竖管降膜海水淡化进行比较,水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化其优势在于可以降低初始蒸发压力和蒸汽温度,有利于在海工设施上应用。通过对水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜在倾斜角度时流动的数值模拟,水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化可以适应在摇摆的海洋环境中应用;并分析了不同海域海水参数(盐度、温度等)对水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化的影响,为其在海上的工程应用提供设计参考。
Space microscale effect appears when the object is under the micro-size space. In microscale time or microscale space, a lot of physical phenomena appear which are different from phenomena in the conventional scale. Investigating the nature of these physical phenomena, such as mechanism of heat and mass transfer and laws of fluid flow in microscale time and space, looking for the research methods and testing technology of these laws, and applying the results of research in engineering to develop new products of heat and mass transfer in microscale is an urgent scientific and technical issue which has become a research hotspot at the forefront of the international heat transfer.
The so-called rising liquid film means that, when the bottom surface of the horizontal tubes is tangent with the surface of the liquid or slightly submerged the liquid, the liquid will cover the surface of the tubes uniformly from the bottom to the top, which is droved by the wetting force and temperature gradient. VHX-500 3D microscope System has been used to observe the formation and flow state of the rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of a horizontal tube. The circumferential temperature of the surface has been measured by 0.5mm armored thermocouple laid in the wall of the tubes. Based on the results of measure, the influencing factors of the formation of the rising liquid film, the driving forces of the flow and the coupling effects of them has been analyzed by unbalanced thermodynamic theory. The expression of the quantity of heat of the rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of a horizontal tube under the orthogonal curvilinear coordinates has been achieved after the numerical simulation of the distribution of the velocity and the film thickness. The circumferential distribution of the heat transfer coefficient has been achieved by establishing heat transfer experiment table of rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. And compare and analyzed different heat flux and strengthen measures of the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Analyze the formation of the rising multi-component liquid film and heat transfer, and compare the rising film heat transfer of different concentrations of multi-component fluid with ethanol-water mixture and solution of Nacl as working fluid, which provide theoretical support for the project application.
Design the more efficient and compact device of multi-effect desalination process and make the numerical analysis on the basis of the experimental parameters of the single-effect rising film desalination on the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Compare every-effect temperature difference of heat transter and the water output of the rising film desalination using the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes with the parameters of the falling liquid film desalination using vertical tubes under the same work conditions. Analyze the adaptability of the device of rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes in the marine environment (offshore platforms, ships, etc.).
Through the study above, it has been found that the rising liquid film on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes is influenced by micro-capillary pressure, wetting force, circumferential temperature difference, bubbles, and other combined factors. The coupling effects of the forces referred appears in the process of mass and heat transfer of the rising liquid film. Circulating pump is not needed in the process of the liquid film rising on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Subcooled boiling can be realized in the fluted surface and the coefficient of heat transfer can be achieved through the experiment. The formation and heat transfer of multi-component fluid film rising on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been initially analyzed, which provides a basis for the design of the device and process of desalination using in the marine environment. Parameters of multi-effect of nine rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been calculated, which has been compared with the falling liquid film desalination on vertical tubes under the same work conditions. The advantage of rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes rests with it decreasing evaporation temperature and steam pressure, which is good for the application of maritime work. The rising liquid film on the fluted surface of a horizontal tube can adapt to the wobble marine environment, which has been approved by the simulation of flow under the oscillation situation. Besides, the effect of parameters (salinity, temperature, etc.) of different sea areas to the rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been analyzed.
所谓水平螺旋微槽管壁面液体升膜是指当水平螺旋微槽管的底部表面与液面相切或微微浸入时,由润湿力、毛细力和温差驱动力等克服重力,驱动液体自下而上在管壁形成均匀连续的覆盖整个管表面的薄液膜。采用超景深三维显微镜系统可视化观察了水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成及流动状态,在管壁内埋设0.5mm铠装热电偶定点测量水平螺旋微槽管壁面周向温度。在此基础上用不平衡热力学理论分析水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成的影响因素,流动的驱动力及其耦合关系。在对升膜的速度分布和厚度分布进行数值模拟的基础上,得出正交曲线坐标系下水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发换热的热量表达式。建立水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜传热试验台,得出水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜换热系数在周向上的分布,并对不同热流密度及强化措施进行分析比较。对水平螺旋微槽管壁面多组分流体升膜形成及传热进行分析,以乙醇水混合物和Nacl溶液为工质对不同浓度的多组分流体升膜传热进行比较,为工程应用提供理论支持。
以单效水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化试验参数为依据设计更为高效紧凑的多效海水淡化装置与流程,并进行了数值分析计算。将水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜多效海水淡化的各效换热温差及造水量与相同工况下竖管降膜海水淡化的相应参数进行比较,分析了水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化装置在海洋环境(海洋平台、舰船)中应用的适应性。
通过以上研究发现水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜形成受到毛细压力、润湿力、周向温差、汽泡等多种因素的综合作用,各项力对升膜的质量和热量传递之间存在耦合效应。水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜不需要循环泵,且能够在螺旋微槽中实现欠热蒸发和过冷沸腾,通过实验得出其换热系数。对多组份流体在水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜的形成和换热有了初步的分析,为适应于海洋环境条件下的海水淡化装置和流程设计提供了依据。对九效水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化进行参数计算,并与相同工况下的竖管降膜海水淡化进行比较,水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化其优势在于可以降低初始蒸发压力和蒸汽温度,有利于在海工设施上应用。通过对水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜在倾斜角度时流动的数值模拟,水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜蒸发海水淡化可以适应在摇摆的海洋环境中应用;并分析了不同海域海水参数(盐度、温度等)对水平螺旋微槽管壁面升膜海水淡化的影响,为其在海上的工程应用提供设计参考。
Space microscale effect appears when the object is under the micro-size space. In microscale time or microscale space, a lot of physical phenomena appear which are different from phenomena in the conventional scale. Investigating the nature of these physical phenomena, such as mechanism of heat and mass transfer and laws of fluid flow in microscale time and space, looking for the research methods and testing technology of these laws, and applying the results of research in engineering to develop new products of heat and mass transfer in microscale is an urgent scientific and technical issue which has become a research hotspot at the forefront of the international heat transfer.
The so-called rising liquid film means that, when the bottom surface of the horizontal tubes is tangent with the surface of the liquid or slightly submerged the liquid, the liquid will cover the surface of the tubes uniformly from the bottom to the top, which is droved by the wetting force and temperature gradient. VHX-500 3D microscope System has been used to observe the formation and flow state of the rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of a horizontal tube. The circumferential temperature of the surface has been measured by 0.5mm armored thermocouple laid in the wall of the tubes. Based on the results of measure, the influencing factors of the formation of the rising liquid film, the driving forces of the flow and the coupling effects of them has been analyzed by unbalanced thermodynamic theory. The expression of the quantity of heat of the rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of a horizontal tube under the orthogonal curvilinear coordinates has been achieved after the numerical simulation of the distribution of the velocity and the film thickness. The circumferential distribution of the heat transfer coefficient has been achieved by establishing heat transfer experiment table of rising liquid film on the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. And compare and analyzed different heat flux and strengthen measures of the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Analyze the formation of the rising multi-component liquid film and heat transfer, and compare the rising film heat transfer of different concentrations of multi-component fluid with ethanol-water mixture and solution of Nacl as working fluid, which provide theoretical support for the project application.
Design the more efficient and compact device of multi-effect desalination process and make the numerical analysis on the basis of the experimental parameters of the single-effect rising film desalination on the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Compare every-effect temperature difference of heat transter and the water output of the rising film desalination using the microscale fluted surface of horizontal tubes with the parameters of the falling liquid film desalination using vertical tubes under the same work conditions. Analyze the adaptability of the device of rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes in the marine environment (offshore platforms, ships, etc.).
Through the study above, it has been found that the rising liquid film on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes is influenced by micro-capillary pressure, wetting force, circumferential temperature difference, bubbles, and other combined factors. The coupling effects of the forces referred appears in the process of mass and heat transfer of the rising liquid film. Circulating pump is not needed in the process of the liquid film rising on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes. Subcooled boiling can be realized in the fluted surface and the coefficient of heat transfer can be achieved through the experiment. The formation and heat transfer of multi-component fluid film rising on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been initially analyzed, which provides a basis for the design of the device and process of desalination using in the marine environment. Parameters of multi-effect of nine rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been calculated, which has been compared with the falling liquid film desalination on vertical tubes under the same work conditions. The advantage of rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes rests with it decreasing evaporation temperature and steam pressure, which is good for the application of maritime work. The rising liquid film on the fluted surface of a horizontal tube can adapt to the wobble marine environment, which has been approved by the simulation of flow under the oscillation situation. Besides, the effect of parameters (salinity, temperature, etc.) of different sea areas to the rising film desalination on the fluted surface of horizontal tubes has been analyzed.
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