Web环境下建设项目远程招投标系统研究
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摘要
招标投标国际上称为项目采购，是国际上比较通用的项目发包方式，经过多年的实践，已经比较成熟和完善，是公认的、成功的科学经营方式。
1980年至2000年，我国陆续出台招标投标的法规、规章，直到《招标投标法》实施颁布，标志着招标投标的管理工作纳入了法制的轨道，极大地推动了建设工程招标投标工作的开展。
本文首先阐述我国在生产资料公有制为基础的经济制度下的招标投标的突出特点和招标投标工作所取得的成绩，提出了目前招标投标工作存在的转包、挂靠、黑箱操作、行贿受贿的腐败问题，招标工作中程序不规范、不统一、泄露标底、评委评标严重不公的问题，招标公告发布存在相互信息不通、区域局限性强的问题，同时编制、审查招标投标文件的工作十分繁重，从客观上制约了招标投标工作的开展等问题。
广州市建设工程交易中心利用先进的计算机网络技术、数据库技术、Internet/Intranet技术，进行计算机辅助管理，系统由内部局域网、因特网、客户端三个组成部分，在内部局域网完成招投标业务流程管理，在因特网上建立招投标信息网站，在客户端(施工单位、监理企业)皆可访问查询招标公告、进行投标报名等工作，政府部门可以进行网上监控。该系统做到招标过程中信息、标准、程序、结果公开，处理招标投标业务时始终贯彻“公平、公正”的原则，按照统一的标准评标，并具有择优选择投标单位的功能。该系统突出计算机实现的思想，减少人为因素，最大限度的实现计算机交易，实现信息的高度共享，增加透明度，体现“公开、公正、公平、诚信”的原则。
建立招标投标计算机网络管理系统，其意义在于体现真正的竞争，防范操作人员和监督人员的舞弊现象，减少人为干扰因素，防止“黑箱”操作，建立透明、准确、公平竞争的招标投标制度，促使投标企业努力提高产品质量，增强企业竞争实力，提高企业的生存能力。通过计算机系统管理，减少招标投标的费用和时间，提高办事效率和准确性，节约了资源，提高了社会效益，为真正形成统一开放、竞争有序的建筑市场起到了积极的促进作用。
Public bidding enter a bid to fit on world to buy for project, is the more general project ammunition way of wraping on world, via long practice, have ripened fairly and perfect, is the generally recognized, successful scientific way of managing.
1980 to 2000, our country successively make public bidding enter a bid regulations, rule, until?public bidding enter a bid law )) implement to promulgate, mark public bidding the management working orbit that receives into legal system This paper first elaborates our country under the economic system with production information public system of foundation public bidding enter a bid outstanding characteristic and public bidding enter a bid to work the record that get , make present public bidding to enter a bid to work existence turn bale and to lean on to bribe the rotten problem of accepting bribes , the working order of public bidding of intermediate range is non-standard, not unified , rushes down to show to mark base and comment to comment actually to mark serious not public problem, the announcement of public bidding issues existent mutual information to be obstructed the, regional problem with strong limitation, at the same time, authorized strength is examined public bidding enter a bid the work of f
ile very heavy, since restrict public bidding on objective to enter a bid working development wait for problem, that enters a bid , promote construction project public bidding maximumly to enter a bid working development.
Guangzhou city construction project trade center carries out computer assisted management using the advanced computer network technical, database technical technology of Internet/Intranet, system holds from internal local area network, internet and customer 3 component, in department local area network is completed recruit to enter a bid business process management, on internet, establishment is recruited enter a bid Information Network stands , customer end( is under construction unit, prison reason enterprise) will do to visit the inquiry announcement of public bidding to enter a bid sign up wait for work, government sector can carry
out net on monitoring. This system accomplishes the course of public bidding in information , standard , program , result publicize , handle public bidding to enter a bid to implement fair, fair principle all along business, mark according to unified standard comment, and have preferred option to enter a bid the function of unit.The thought that this systematic outstanding computer realizes reduces artificial factor, the realization of high limit computer trade, realize information share highly, increase transparency, embodiment is publicized, is fair, fair, the principle of believing.
Establishment public bidding enter a bid computer network management system, its meaning lies in embodiment genuine competition, is on guard to operate the malpractices phenomenon of people and superintendent, decrease artificial disturb factor, prevent illegal operation, establishment is transparent, accurate the public bidding of, fair competition enter a bid system, make to enter a bid enterprise raises product quality with great efforts, strengthen enterprise competitive strength, raise the viability of enterprise. Manage through computer system, reduce public bidding enter a bid cost and time, raising handle affairs efficiency and accuracy, economize resource, raise social benifit, compete to form unification really to open by order building market have risen actively promote role.
1980年至2000年，我国陆续出台招标投标的法规、规章，直到《招标投标法》实施颁布，标志着招标投标的管理工作纳入了法制的轨道，极大地推动了建设工程招标投标工作的开展。
本文首先阐述我国在生产资料公有制为基础的经济制度下的招标投标的突出特点和招标投标工作所取得的成绩，提出了目前招标投标工作存在的转包、挂靠、黑箱操作、行贿受贿的腐败问题，招标工作中程序不规范、不统一、泄露标底、评委评标严重不公的问题，招标公告发布存在相互信息不通、区域局限性强的问题，同时编制、审查招标投标文件的工作十分繁重，从客观上制约了招标投标工作的开展等问题。
广州市建设工程交易中心利用先进的计算机网络技术、数据库技术、Internet/Intranet技术，进行计算机辅助管理，系统由内部局域网、因特网、客户端三个组成部分，在内部局域网完成招投标业务流程管理，在因特网上建立招投标信息网站，在客户端(施工单位、监理企业)皆可访问查询招标公告、进行投标报名等工作，政府部门可以进行网上监控。该系统做到招标过程中信息、标准、程序、结果公开，处理招标投标业务时始终贯彻“公平、公正”的原则，按照统一的标准评标，并具有择优选择投标单位的功能。该系统突出计算机实现的思想，减少人为因素，最大限度的实现计算机交易，实现信息的高度共享，增加透明度，体现“公开、公正、公平、诚信”的原则。
建立招标投标计算机网络管理系统，其意义在于体现真正的竞争，防范操作人员和监督人员的舞弊现象，减少人为干扰因素，防止“黑箱”操作，建立透明、准确、公平竞争的招标投标制度，促使投标企业努力提高产品质量，增强企业竞争实力，提高企业的生存能力。通过计算机系统管理，减少招标投标的费用和时间，提高办事效率和准确性，节约了资源，提高了社会效益，为真正形成统一开放、竞争有序的建筑市场起到了积极的促进作用。
Public bidding enter a bid to fit on world to buy for project, is the more general project ammunition way of wraping on world, via long practice, have ripened fairly and perfect, is the generally recognized, successful scientific way of managing.
1980 to 2000, our country successively make public bidding enter a bid regulations, rule, until?public bidding enter a bid law )) implement to promulgate, mark public bidding the management working orbit that receives into legal system This paper first elaborates our country under the economic system with production information public system of foundation public bidding enter a bid outstanding characteristic and public bidding enter a bid to work the record that get , make present public bidding to enter a bid to work existence turn bale and to lean on to bribe the rotten problem of accepting bribes , the working order of public bidding of intermediate range is non-standard, not unified , rushes down to show to mark base and comment to comment actually to mark serious not public problem, the announcement of public bidding issues existent mutual information to be obstructed the, regional problem with strong limitation, at the same time, authorized strength is examined public bidding enter a bid the work of f
ile very heavy, since restrict public bidding on objective to enter a bid working development wait for problem, that enters a bid , promote construction project public bidding maximumly to enter a bid working development.
Guangzhou city construction project trade center carries out computer assisted management using the advanced computer network technical, database technical technology of Internet/Intranet, system holds from internal local area network, internet and customer 3 component, in department local area network is completed recruit to enter a bid business process management, on internet, establishment is recruited enter a bid Information Network stands , customer end( is under construction unit, prison reason enterprise) will do to visit the inquiry announcement of public bidding to enter a bid sign up wait for work, government sector can carry
out net on monitoring. This system accomplishes the course of public bidding in information , standard , program , result publicize , handle public bidding to enter a bid to implement fair, fair principle all along business, mark according to unified standard comment, and have preferred option to enter a bid the function of unit.The thought that this systematic outstanding computer realizes reduces artificial factor, the realization of high limit computer trade, realize information share highly, increase transparency, embodiment is publicized, is fair, fair, the principle of believing.
Establishment public bidding enter a bid computer network management system, its meaning lies in embodiment genuine competition, is on guard to operate the malpractices phenomenon of people and superintendent, decrease artificial disturb factor, prevent illegal operation, establishment is transparent, accurate the public bidding of, fair competition enter a bid system, make to enter a bid enterprise raises product quality with great efforts, strengthen enterprise competitive strength, raise the viability of enterprise. Manage through computer system, reduce public bidding enter a bid cost and time, raising handle affairs efficiency and accuracy, economize resource, raise social benifit, compete to form unification really to open by order building market have risen actively promote role.
引文
1、《工程管理原理》陈玉雄、蒋孔昭译 湖南科学技术出版社
2、《现代工程管理指南》rank Marris、Ronald Mcfaffer 清华大学出版社
3、《现代建设工程管理》 张同海等主编 龙江人民出版社
4、《建筑施工》 江景波编著 同济大学出版社
5、《工程预算与招标投标》 张凤毛编 科学技术出版社
6、《建设工程概预算与投标报价》 任玉峰等编著 中国建筑工业出版社
7、《建设工程招标与投标》 杨青林、夏秀芳等编著 岛海洋大学出版社
8、《项目管理》王明远编著 煤炭工业出版社
9、《市场经济下工程招标与投标》 宁素莹编著 中国地质大学出版社
10、《建设工程实工合同管理与索赔》 成虎、徐崇禄编著 企业管理出版社
11、《建设工程施工招标投标管理》 王秉桐等编著 中国建材工业出版社
12、《建设工程招标投标工作手册》 张琰、雷胜强主编 中国建筑工业出版社
13、《建设工程的招标投标》 徐伟等编著 同济大学出版社
14、《新编建设工程招标投标实用手册》 文之主编 中国建材工业出版社
15、《建设工程项目管理实务全书》 朝彬 中国建材工业出版社
16、《现代建筑理论》 中国建筑工业出版社
17、《建筑工程经济与企业管理》 黄仕成主编、沈祥华副主编 中国建筑工业出版社
18、《建设工程招标投标合同文件编写范本》 杨良坤主编 中国建筑工业出版社
19、《工程建设中的合同法与招标投标法》 何红锋编著 中国计划出版社
20、《工程项目招标投标实务》 刘尔烈 陈勇强编著 人民交通出版社
21、《公路工程施工投标与项目成本管理》 人民交通出版社
22、《国际工程投标案例研究》 Andrew Baldwin Ronald McCaffer Sherif Oteifa编著人民交通出版社
23、《建设工程招标投标实务与法规．惯例全书》雷胜强编著 中国建筑工业出版社
24、《建设行业信息化标准的发展对策与应用》编委会编著 中国建筑工业出版社
25、《建筑工程造价与招投标》 刘钟莹、倪俭编著 东南大学出版社
26、《实现建设领域信息化之路》马智亮、吴炜煜、彭明编著 中国建筑工业出版社
27、《中华人民共和国招标投标法实用问答》中国建材工业出版社
28、《欧共体法律中的公共采购》中国政府采购网
29、《美国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
30、《英国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
31、《韩国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
32、《联合国采购简介》中国政府采购网
33、《欧盟政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
34、Richard E.Westney, P.E.:《The Engineer's Cost Handbook》,Marcel Dekker, Inc
35、The Associated General contractors of American:《Construction Estimating & Bidding》,Publication No.3505
36、Gransberg, douglas, D., and howard L. Roynold: "Measuring Partnered Project Perform-ance", AACE—I TRANSACTION—1998, 1998
37、William D.Mahoney: 《MEANS SQUARE FOOT COST》, R.S.MEANS COMPANY,INC. 1990
38、Phillip R.Waiter, PE: 《Building Construction Cost Data》, R.S.MEANS COMPANY,INC. 1990
39、Takao. Kakoto, J.Skibniewski, Comparison of U.S.and Japanese Practice in Public Construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol.115, No.4, Dec,1989
40、Kaoru Kashiwagi, Robert a, Rubin, andMarey ResslerHarris, Construction Law and Practice in Japan, Journal of Constrution Engineering and Management, Vol. 114, No. 1,March, 1988
41、KeizoBaba, Principal Nature of Management in Japanese Construction Industry, Journal of Constrution Engineering and Management, Vol.116, No.2, June, 1990
42、Aldrich Brian C ed. Housing in Asia: Problems and perspectives. Jaipur: Rawatpub.1990
43、Aldridge Trevor M. The law of flats. London: Longman. 1994
44、Bourne L. The geography of housing. London: Arnold. 1981
45、Aldrich Brian C ed. Housing the urban poor: policy and practice in developing countries.London: Zed Books. 1995
46、Burnett J.A Social History of Housing. London: Methuen. 2nd edn.. 1986
47、Francisk. Loo. Effective property Management in Hong Kong. 香港大学出版社．1991
48、O'sullivan A. Urban Economics. 3rd edn. Chicago: lrwin. 1996
2、《现代工程管理指南》rank Marris、Ronald Mcfaffer 清华大学出版社
3、《现代建设工程管理》 张同海等主编 龙江人民出版社
4、《建筑施工》 江景波编著 同济大学出版社
5、《工程预算与招标投标》 张凤毛编 科学技术出版社
6、《建设工程概预算与投标报价》 任玉峰等编著 中国建筑工业出版社
7、《建设工程招标与投标》 杨青林、夏秀芳等编著 岛海洋大学出版社
8、《项目管理》王明远编著 煤炭工业出版社
9、《市场经济下工程招标与投标》 宁素莹编著 中国地质大学出版社
10、《建设工程实工合同管理与索赔》 成虎、徐崇禄编著 企业管理出版社
11、《建设工程施工招标投标管理》 王秉桐等编著 中国建材工业出版社
12、《建设工程招标投标工作手册》 张琰、雷胜强主编 中国建筑工业出版社
13、《建设工程的招标投标》 徐伟等编著 同济大学出版社
14、《新编建设工程招标投标实用手册》 文之主编 中国建材工业出版社
15、《建设工程项目管理实务全书》 朝彬 中国建材工业出版社
16、《现代建筑理论》 中国建筑工业出版社
17、《建筑工程经济与企业管理》 黄仕成主编、沈祥华副主编 中国建筑工业出版社
18、《建设工程招标投标合同文件编写范本》 杨良坤主编 中国建筑工业出版社
19、《工程建设中的合同法与招标投标法》 何红锋编著 中国计划出版社
20、《工程项目招标投标实务》 刘尔烈 陈勇强编著 人民交通出版社
21、《公路工程施工投标与项目成本管理》 人民交通出版社
22、《国际工程投标案例研究》 Andrew Baldwin Ronald McCaffer Sherif Oteifa编著人民交通出版社
23、《建设工程招标投标实务与法规．惯例全书》雷胜强编著 中国建筑工业出版社
24、《建设行业信息化标准的发展对策与应用》编委会编著 中国建筑工业出版社
25、《建筑工程造价与招投标》 刘钟莹、倪俭编著 东南大学出版社
26、《实现建设领域信息化之路》马智亮、吴炜煜、彭明编著 中国建筑工业出版社
27、《中华人民共和国招标投标法实用问答》中国建材工业出版社
28、《欧共体法律中的公共采购》中国政府采购网
29、《美国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
30、《英国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
31、《韩国政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
32、《联合国采购简介》中国政府采购网
33、《欧盟政府采购制度简介》中国政府采购网
34、Richard E.Westney, P.E.:《The Engineer's Cost Handbook》,Marcel Dekker, Inc
35、The Associated General contractors of American:《Construction Estimating & Bidding》,Publication No.3505
36、Gransberg, douglas, D., and howard L. Roynold: "Measuring Partnered Project Perform-ance", AACE—I TRANSACTION—1998, 1998
37、William D.Mahoney: 《MEANS SQUARE FOOT COST》, R.S.MEANS COMPANY,INC. 1990
38、Phillip R.Waiter, PE: 《Building Construction Cost Data》, R.S.MEANS COMPANY,INC. 1990
39、Takao. Kakoto, J.Skibniewski, Comparison of U.S.and Japanese Practice in Public Construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol.115, No.4, Dec,1989
40、Kaoru Kashiwagi, Robert a, Rubin, andMarey ResslerHarris, Construction Law and Practice in Japan, Journal of Constrution Engineering and Management, Vol. 114, No. 1,March, 1988
41、KeizoBaba, Principal Nature of Management in Japanese Construction Industry, Journal of Constrution Engineering and Management, Vol.116, No.2, June, 1990
42、Aldrich Brian C ed. Housing in Asia: Problems and perspectives. Jaipur: Rawatpub.1990
43、Aldridge Trevor M. The law of flats. London: Longman. 1994
44、Bourne L. The geography of housing. London: Arnold. 1981
45、Aldrich Brian C ed. Housing the urban poor: policy and practice in developing countries.London: Zed Books. 1995
46、Burnett J.A Social History of Housing. London: Methuen. 2nd edn.. 1986
47、Francisk. Loo. Effective property Management in Hong Kong. 香港大学出版社．1991
48、O'sullivan A. Urban Economics. 3rd edn. Chicago: lrwin. 1996
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