Web应用中静态测试的研究
摘要
随着网络技术和信息技术的飞速发展，基于网络的Web应用软件迅速风靡全球，并渗入到社会的各个应用领域。作为保证Web质量和可靠性的重要手段，Web应用软件测试越来越受到人们的重视。Web应用的迅猛发展不仅对软件开发提出新的要求，也在软件测试领域提出了新的挑战。Web应用软件测试的主要目标是在一定条件下对系统或程序进行操作，尽量检测出软件中存在的错误，从而确保Web应用软件质量。
目前Web应用测试技术的研究已经取得很多成果，如各种测试模型的定义、测试方法和策略的提出以及相应测试工具的开发等。国内在Web应用软件测试方面的发展相对滞后，目前采用的测试工具适应范围比较窄，对测试人员的专业要求比较高，灵活性和可用性较差。Web应用市场需求发生快速变化，为了增强Web应用测试系统的灵活性和实用性，我们在此突出Web测试领域的静态测试。
本文对Web应用中的静态测试进行研究，探讨了静态测试相关技术，并重点分析了Web应用静态测试中的语法解析和链接检查。另外，在已有测试模型的基础上，给出了基于Petri网的Web链接模型，该模型可以对链接和导航特性进行分析，实现了Web应用中所有链接方便、统一、灵活的形式化描述：最后开发了Web应用静态测试工具WebAnalysis，实现了HTML语法解析、链接检查、网络导航等静态测试方面的功能。整个工作为Web应用软件静态测试的研究进行一定探索。
With the rapid develop speed of network and information , Web applications penetrate various area. People attach more attention to Web testing which is an important means of guaranteeing Web quality and reliability . It put forwards new requirements in software development and new challenge in software testing area .The main object of Web testing is to try to detect the errors through the operations on a system or an application, so as to ensure Web quality.
There have been a lot of productions of Web testing nowadays, such as model definition, testing method, testing strategy and development of corresponding testing tool . In our country, software testing development lags behind the others .The testing tools which we adopted are applied narrowly with high requirement for people. With rapid speed of market requirements, we emphasize Web static testing for agility and practicability.
A study on Web static testing is in process. Some Web static testing technologies have been discussed. HTML syntax parsing and link checking of Web is analyzed . In term of the existing testing model of Web, a kind of Petri Net based Web link model is introduced. This model may analysis link and navigation characteristics. It can achieve the convenient, uniform and flexible formalization description of all links of Web . Finally , Web static testing tool WebAnalysis has been developed . It implements HTML syntax parsing,link checking and Web navigation .We expect that our work will do some help in Web static testing.
目前Web应用测试技术的研究已经取得很多成果，如各种测试模型的定义、测试方法和策略的提出以及相应测试工具的开发等。国内在Web应用软件测试方面的发展相对滞后，目前采用的测试工具适应范围比较窄，对测试人员的专业要求比较高，灵活性和可用性较差。Web应用市场需求发生快速变化，为了增强Web应用测试系统的灵活性和实用性，我们在此突出Web测试领域的静态测试。
本文对Web应用中的静态测试进行研究，探讨了静态测试相关技术，并重点分析了Web应用静态测试中的语法解析和链接检查。另外，在已有测试模型的基础上，给出了基于Petri网的Web链接模型，该模型可以对链接和导航特性进行分析，实现了Web应用中所有链接方便、统一、灵活的形式化描述：最后开发了Web应用静态测试工具WebAnalysis，实现了HTML语法解析、链接检查、网络导航等静态测试方面的功能。整个工作为Web应用软件静态测试的研究进行一定探索。
With the rapid develop speed of network and information , Web applications penetrate various area. People attach more attention to Web testing which is an important means of guaranteeing Web quality and reliability . It put forwards new requirements in software development and new challenge in software testing area .The main object of Web testing is to try to detect the errors through the operations on a system or an application, so as to ensure Web quality.
There have been a lot of productions of Web testing nowadays, such as model definition, testing method, testing strategy and development of corresponding testing tool . In our country, software testing development lags behind the others .The testing tools which we adopted are applied narrowly with high requirement for people. With rapid speed of market requirements, we emphasize Web static testing for agility and practicability.
A study on Web static testing is in process. Some Web static testing technologies have been discussed. HTML syntax parsing and link checking of Web is analyzed . In term of the existing testing model of Web, a kind of Petri Net based Web link model is introduced. This model may analysis link and navigation characteristics. It can achieve the convenient, uniform and flexible formalization description of all links of Web . Finally , Web static testing tool WebAnalysis has been developed . It implements HTML syntax parsing,link checking and Web navigation .We expect that our work will do some help in Web static testing.
引文
[1]Debra J. Richardson. Software Analysis and Testing. ICS 221:2002/11/26/
[2]余梦非．国内软件测试业 期待更多关注．www. jnsia, org. cn/new/shownews, asp?id=?9
[3]严体华，马玉祥．Web的软件测试结构．西安电子科技大学，2001．11．5：33～34
[4]许蕾，徐宝文，陈振强．Web测试综述．计算机科学，2003，30(3)：100～104
[5]安永新．基于风险的Web应用测试研究．硕士研究生学位论文．2002．4．8
[6]Pete Broadwell, Emil Ong. A Comparison of Static Analysis and Fault Injection Techniques for Developing Robust System Services.www. cs. berkeley, edu/~emilong/research/saswifi, pdf
[7]MARTIN P. ROBILLARD and GAIL C. MURPHY. Static Analysis to Support the Evolution of Exception Structure in Object-Oriented Systems.http://portal. acm. org/citation. cfm
[8]贺钧．通过静态分析提高程序测试的效率．现代电子技术．No．11 2002：7～8．
[9]Michael D. Ernst, Static and dynamic analysis: synergy and duality.IEEE TSE, 27(2):1-25, Feb. 2001.
[10]刘群，洪帆．软件测试的应用研究与分析．华中理工大学学报．Vol．28 No．11 Nov．2000：34～36．
[11]李梓．用HTML语言创作www页面．计算机应用研究．1998：56～57．
[12]丁永生，周斌，杨文春．HTML文档的模糊检索模型．计算机工程与应用．2001．3：12～15．
[13]Software Static Code Analysis.
www. cs. virginia, edu/~jck/cs651/papers/andy.german, pdf
[14]Dan Dipasquo, "Using HTML Formatting to Aid in Natural Language Processing on the World Wide Web", Senior Honors Thesis, School of Computer Science, Carneige Mellon University, Tune, 1998.
[15]许骏，柳泉波．HTML文件解析器设计：原理、算法与应用．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．22No．11 Nov．2001：0378～1381．
[16]薛莹．用JAVA编写HTML文件分析程序．微机发展．No．6 2002：93～94．
[17]Giuseppe Antonio Di Lucca, Anna Rita Fasolino, Francesco Faralli, Ugo De Carlini. Testing Web application. IEEE Computer. February, 2002.
[18]David. Kung, Chien-Hung Liu and Pei Hsia. An Object-Oriented Web Test Model for Testing Web Applications. IEEE, 2000:537～543
[19]Karl R.P.H. Leung, Lucas C.K. Hui, S.M. Yiu, Ricky W.M. Tang. Modelling Web Navigation by Statechart. HKU CSIS Tech Report TR-2000-O1.
[20]Jim Conallen. Modeling Web applications architectures with UML. Communications of the ACM, 1999,42(10):63～70
[21]D Schwabe, G Rossi. An object-oriented approach to Web-based applications design. Theory and Practice of Object Systems, 1998,4(4):207～225
[22]Isakowitz, E A Stohr, P Balasubramanian. RMM:A methodology for structured hypermedia design. Communica-tionsoftheACM, 1995,38(8):34～44
[23]袁崇义．Petri网原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．
[24]王斌君，郝克刚．非确定Petri网．小型微型计算机系统，2003 Vol．24No．3：582～584．
[25]杨卫东，施伯乐．基于状态图的Web导航模型及其特性分析．计算机研究与发展．Vol．39，No．8Aug．2002：992～997．
[26]Marco Winckler, Christelle Farenc, Philippe Palanque & R?mi Bastide. Designing Navigation for Web Interfaces. http://liihs, irit. fr/farenc/documents/IHM-HCI2001, pdf
[27]岳晓丽，杨斌，郝克刚．信牌驱动式工作流计算模型．计算机研究与发展，2000，(37)12：1513～1519．
[28]杨斌，郝克刚．基于Web的工作流管理系统的解决方案．西北大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，29(6)：491～494．
[29]郝林．基于Petri网的自动制造系统的死锁分析．硕士研究生学位论文．2002．1．
[30]Bruno Caprile, Filippo Ricca, Michele Eirchner and Paolo Tonella.Analysis and Testing of Web Applications.star. itc. it/Abstracts/Web-analysis, pdf
[31]Aynur Abdurazik and Je_O_utt. Using UML Collaboration Diagrams for Static Checking and Test Generation. www.isse, gmu. edu/faculty/ofut/rsrch/papers/um100, pdf
[32]MARTIN P. ROBILLARD and GAIL C. MURPHY. Static Analysis to Support the Evolution of Exception Structure in Object-Oriented Systems.www. cs. ubc. ca/~mrobilla/papers/tosem2003, pdf
[33]Kiran Puttegowda. Implementation and Analysis of Static Test Compaction methods for Combinational Circuits.www.ee.vt. edu/~kiranp/compaction, pdf
[34]Static Analysis. ICS 224. 5/9/00.
[35]王晓宇，周傲英．万维网的链接结构分析及其应用综述．软件学报，2003 Vol．14．No．10：1768～1780
[2]余梦非．国内软件测试业 期待更多关注．www. jnsia, org. cn/new/shownews, asp?id=?9
[3]严体华，马玉祥．Web的软件测试结构．西安电子科技大学，2001．11．5：33～34
[4]许蕾，徐宝文，陈振强．Web测试综述．计算机科学，2003，30(3)：100～104
[5]安永新．基于风险的Web应用测试研究．硕士研究生学位论文．2002．4．8
[6]Pete Broadwell, Emil Ong. A Comparison of Static Analysis and Fault Injection Techniques for Developing Robust System Services.www. cs. berkeley, edu/~emilong/research/saswifi, pdf
[7]MARTIN P. ROBILLARD and GAIL C. MURPHY. Static Analysis to Support the Evolution of Exception Structure in Object-Oriented Systems.http://portal. acm. org/citation. cfm
[8]贺钧．通过静态分析提高程序测试的效率．现代电子技术．No．11 2002：7～8．
[9]Michael D. Ernst, Static and dynamic analysis: synergy and duality.IEEE TSE, 27(2):1-25, Feb. 2001.
[10]刘群，洪帆．软件测试的应用研究与分析．华中理工大学学报．Vol．28 No．11 Nov．2000：34～36．
[11]李梓．用HTML语言创作www页面．计算机应用研究．1998：56～57．
[12]丁永生，周斌，杨文春．HTML文档的模糊检索模型．计算机工程与应用．2001．3：12～15．
[13]Software Static Code Analysis.
www. cs. virginia, edu/~jck/cs651/papers/andy.german, pdf
[14]Dan Dipasquo, "Using HTML Formatting to Aid in Natural Language Processing on the World Wide Web", Senior Honors Thesis, School of Computer Science, Carneige Mellon University, Tune, 1998.
[15]许骏，柳泉波．HTML文件解析器设计：原理、算法与应用．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．22No．11 Nov．2001：0378～1381．
[16]薛莹．用JAVA编写HTML文件分析程序．微机发展．No．6 2002：93～94．
[17]Giuseppe Antonio Di Lucca, Anna Rita Fasolino, Francesco Faralli, Ugo De Carlini. Testing Web application. IEEE Computer. February, 2002.
[18]David. Kung, Chien-Hung Liu and Pei Hsia. An Object-Oriented Web Test Model for Testing Web Applications. IEEE, 2000:537～543
[19]Karl R.P.H. Leung, Lucas C.K. Hui, S.M. Yiu, Ricky W.M. Tang. Modelling Web Navigation by Statechart. HKU CSIS Tech Report TR-2000-O1.
[20]Jim Conallen. Modeling Web applications architectures with UML. Communications of the ACM, 1999,42(10):63～70
[21]D Schwabe, G Rossi. An object-oriented approach to Web-based applications design. Theory and Practice of Object Systems, 1998,4(4):207～225
[22]Isakowitz, E A Stohr, P Balasubramanian. RMM:A methodology for structured hypermedia design. Communica-tionsoftheACM, 1995,38(8):34～44
[23]袁崇义．Petri网原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．
[24]王斌君，郝克刚．非确定Petri网．小型微型计算机系统，2003 Vol．24No．3：582～584．
[25]杨卫东，施伯乐．基于状态图的Web导航模型及其特性分析．计算机研究与发展．Vol．39，No．8Aug．2002：992～997．
[26]Marco Winckler, Christelle Farenc, Philippe Palanque & R?mi Bastide. Designing Navigation for Web Interfaces. http://liihs, irit. fr/farenc/documents/IHM-HCI2001, pdf
[27]岳晓丽，杨斌，郝克刚．信牌驱动式工作流计算模型．计算机研究与发展，2000，(37)12：1513～1519．
[28]杨斌，郝克刚．基于Web的工作流管理系统的解决方案．西北大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，29(6)：491～494．
[29]郝林．基于Petri网的自动制造系统的死锁分析．硕士研究生学位论文．2002．1．
[30]Bruno Caprile, Filippo Ricca, Michele Eirchner and Paolo Tonella.Analysis and Testing of Web Applications.star. itc. it/Abstracts/Web-analysis, pdf
[31]Aynur Abdurazik and Je_O_utt. Using UML Collaboration Diagrams for Static Checking and Test Generation. www.isse, gmu. edu/faculty/ofut/rsrch/papers/um100, pdf
[32]MARTIN P. ROBILLARD and GAIL C. MURPHY. Static Analysis to Support the Evolution of Exception Structure in Object-Oriented Systems.www. cs. ubc. ca/~mrobilla/papers/tosem2003, pdf
[33]Kiran Puttegowda. Implementation and Analysis of Static Test Compaction methods for Combinational Circuits.www.ee.vt. edu/~kiranp/compaction, pdf
[34]Static Analysis. ICS 224. 5/9/00.
[35]王晓宇，周傲英．万维网的链接结构分析及其应用综述．软件学报，2003 Vol．14．No．10：1768～1780