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松辽盆地北部断坳转化时期层序地层与沉积体系研究
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摘要
松辽盆地经过60多年的勘探,先后在坳陷地层及断陷地层油气勘探都取得重大发现,但对断坳转化时期地层研究较少,该段地层最大厚度在800m以上,展示了一定的勘探潜力,是否能够成为今后的勘探接替层位,值得研究、探索。因此开展松辽盆地断坳转化时期登娄库组这一层系层序地层及沉积体系研究无疑是当前油气勘探急需解决的重要课题。以层序地层学、沉积学理论为指导,综合应用岩心、录井、测井、地震资料,通过研究层序界面的成因特征、识别标志、发育规模等,将断坳转化期地层划分为SQ1、SQ2、SQ3及SQ4四个三级层序;在联井对比地震追踪的基础上,建立了松辽盆地北部断坳转化时期层序地层格架;通过层序地层分析,SQ1主要以近源冲积扇体系粗碎屑沉积充填为主,具有断陷末期沉积特征,沉积范围小,被中央古隆起分割;SQ2主要沉积扇三角洲-辫状河三角洲过渡类型粗粒沉积体系,沉积范围扩大,不再受中央古隆起影响,沉积范围向北快速推进;SQ3以辫状河—湖泛三角洲体系沉积充填为主,沉积范围扩展不明显;SQ4充填了非典型的辫状河—湖泛三角洲体系,沉积范围向东西两侧扩展明显。总结了断坳转化时期‘垂向上断陷向坳陷转化,平面上层层超覆,沉积充填上由粗碎屑冲积扇向河流三角洲沉积转化’的层序地层模式。
     在此基础上,运用物源形成过程-响应原理,从岩心实验室分析(重矿物、粒级等)及岩心沉积特征、测井相、地震反射及属性等方面,开展重矿物组合、砂砾/地比、砂砾厚、岩性或粒级或组分平面分布、古地貌、平面相序、地震反射与属性特征等综合分析,进行层序格架控制下的‘物源、沉积体系’综合识别。通过综合研究,SQ1层序识别8个近源环盆小物源,SQ2识别7个近物源体系,SQ3共识别6个由近源向远源的过渡型物源体系,SQ4识别7个远源物源体系,呈现向中部组合北部讷河物源、东部拜泉物源、东南绥化物源、西北部齐齐哈尔物源、西部英台物源逐步演化的特点;搞清了物源体系的方向、位置、特征、交汇类型及物源数量,进而解决无/稀探井条件下的断坳转化时期的冲积环境的‘物源、沉积体系’识别难题。,
     以陆相盆地早期沉积理论模式为指导,以岩心为基础,识别了4大类9类相24种亚相及40多种微相的沉积体系,总结了其详尽特征,并结合沉积背景、古生态、古气候、地化特征等恢复古沉积环境、特别是水动力特征,通过岩电对应分析,建立测井微相模式,开展单井测井相识别,建立目的层段沉积相垂向序列;利用地震反射、属性进行地震相识别及相转化;通过上述岩心、测井及地震三相综合确定平面沉积相及组合,解决稀探井条件下的巨厚冲积地层的平面沉积相划分难题。
     在沉积体系、相类型、特征、空间展布研究基础上,开展层序、沉积充填类型、样式、过程研究,建立了断坳转化时期的层序沉积‘近、多源冲积扇—扇三角洲粗粒沉积体系→中、多源冲积扇—辫状河—辫状河三角洲体系→远、主源冲积扇—辫状河—曲流河—湖泛三角洲体系’充填演化模式,并结合构造、气候、湖平面等方面,研究了沉积充填机制。在沉积充填演化模式指导下,研究烃源岩、盖层、储层所处的沉积充填演化阶段、位置及由此所决定的类型、规模、分布、特征等,并结合实际资料进行预测。
After about60years’ exploration, the Songliao basin has succeed in oil and gasexploration of the depression formation and fauted formation, but the study offault-depression transform formation has made less study. The maximum thicknessof formation is more than800m, which showing a certain exploration potential. It isworthy of study and exploration that whether can be future exploration succeedhorizon. It is no doubt that the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systemresearch of the Songliao Basin fault-depression transform the Denglouku strata is animportant and urgent subject. Based on sequence stratigraphy, sedimentologytheory,comprehensive applying core, logging, well logging, seismic data, by thestudy of genetic characteristics, identification and development scale of sequenceboundary,the stratigraphy of the period of fault-depression transform is divided intoSQ1, SQ2, SQ3and SQ4four third-order sequences. Based on joint well contrastand seismic trace, the sequence stratigraphic framework of northern Songliao basinof the period of fault-depression transform is established.Through the sequencestratigraphy analysis, SQ1is filled by coarse clastic sedimentary of proximal alluvialfan system; the sedimentary characteristics similar to the fault sedimentation; Thesedimentary range is small and separated by the central paleouplift. SQ2sedimentaryis mainly coarse-grained sedimentary of fan delta and braided delta transitional typesystem; the sedimentary range is expanded and not separated by the centralpaleouplift; the sedimentary range is northward advancing rapidly advancing. SQ3isfilled by braided river-delta depositional system; the sedimentary range is notobvious expansion.SQ4is filled by the atypical braided river-lacustrine deltasedimentary system; the sedimentary range expand significantly to bothsides.Sequence stratigraphic models of fault-depression transform period issummarized, which is ‘vertical fault to depression, plane layers overlap, depositionalfilling Transform from coarse clastic alluvial fan to the river delta’.
     On the basis of this, using the principle of source formation process–response,the synthetic recognition of sedimentary source system is carried on under thecontrol of sequence stratigraphic framework. This work is according to corelaboratory testing (heavy mineral, grade, etc.), and the sedimentary characteristics of cores, logging facies, seismic reflection and properties, etc. comprehensive analysisof the combination of heavy mineral, gravel/than, graded gravel thickness, lithologyor the horizontal distribution of components, ancient landform, phase sequence,seismic reflection with attributive character is made. Through comprehensive study,SQ1sequence identified eight proximal ring basins, SQ2identified seven nearsource system, SQ3identified6from the proximal to the far source transitionalsource system, and SQ4identified seven far source provenance systems. It presentedthe gradually evolution characteristics of central combination, such like northlandNeHe provenance, eastern BaiQuan source, southeast of SuiHua source, northwestof qiqihar source, westward Yingtai source; the direction, location, characteristics,types and intersection of the source system is figured out. Further more, the problemof alluvial environment of the period of fault-depression transform sedimentarysource system identification under the conditions of non/thin exploratory well issolved.
     Taking the early continental basins deposition theoretical model as a guide,4categories24kinds of subfacies and40kinds of sedimentary microfacies depositionsystem is identified based on core. Its detailed characteristics are summarized.Combining the depositional setting paleoecology,paleoclimate and geochemicalcharacteristics with ancient sedimentary environment and the hydrodynamiccharacteristics,the analysis of corresponding core to electrical measuring curve, thelogging sedimentary microfacies mode is established. After carrying out single-welllogging identification, the sedimentary vertical sequence of target layer is recognized.Using seismic reflection and the attributes, the seismic facies are identified andconverted to sedimentary facies. Using the core, logging and seismic, the flatsedimentary facies and combination are identified. The problems of planesedimentary facies division of thick alluvial formation under the conditions of diluteexploratory well are solved.
     Based on the study of sedimentary system and the types, characteristics andspatial distribution of sedimentary facies, this paper carries out the study of sequence,sedimentary fill type, style and process. And then establishes sedimentary fillingevolution model of near and multi-source alluvial fan-coarse-grained sediments infan delta→medium and multi-source alluvial fan-braided river-braided riverdelta→far and main source of alluvial fan-braided river-meandering river-meandering river delta during the fault-depression Transform Period, at last gets thesedimentary filling mechanism combined with tectonics, climate and lake level etc.Under the guidance of sedimentary filling evolution model, this paper researches theevolution stage and area of hydrocarbon source rock, seal and reservoirs, the type, size, distribution, characterized determined by above all, then makes a predictioncombined with the actual data.
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