产学合作知识共享研究
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摘要
企业与大学跨越经济领域与科学教育领域的知识共享,存在诸多差异可能导致双方在合作过程中出现这样或那样的冲突。为此,如何提高产学合作知识共享的绩效已经成为当前亟待解决的问题。本文运用定性分析与定量研究相结合、文献分析、规范分析以及学术性问卷调查等方法,在基于知识管理、博弈和协同的理论基础上,对企业和大学在知识共享中提高共享绩效所面临的关键要素进行了研究。
其一,本文探讨了产学合作及知识共享的相关理论研究现状；对知识概念、特性及其类型进行了分析,对产学合作知识共享的概念及其特征进行了阐述与界定。同时,本文分析了产学合作知识共享的外在和内在驱动因素；从组织性质与功能、收益分配与风险控制、知识属性与能力、核心知识过度保护、组织文化五方面分析了产学合作知识共享的障碍因素；对产学合作中的协同交互作用的分析可以帮助我们了解产学合作知识共享双方的协作关系。
其二,本文将产学合作知识共享看作由四种要素构成的有机系统,将要素结构划分为主体要素、客体要素、载体要素和环境要素。在此基础上,分析了产学合作知识共享要素总体运作模型,构建了基于角色扮演的复合型产学合作知识共享协同交互模型,来阐明产学合作知识共享的过程和要达到的目的：并对产学合作知识共享的三个过程：自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用进行了探讨。
其三,本文分析了产学合作知识共享的载体与环境。一是在分析产学合作知识共享网络及其自我进化的博弈过程基础上,构建了企业与大学之间双边协调的多维网络关系,并对该网络的关系平台与信息平台建设进行了阐述。二是探讨了如何通过制度环境建设,去影响知识实践,以达到最优化地培育知识、知识共享和知识创造的目的。这些制度包括产学合作知识共享治理及知识产权保护、激励与约束机制、收益分配与风险控制等。三是对如何建设诚信与创新学习型文化环境和政府、中介服务环境进行了分析。
其四,本文构建了产学合作知识共享概念模型,探讨了主体要素、客体要素、载体要素、环境要素与绩效之间的关系,进行了实证研究。本文认为,自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用对产学合作知识共享中学习绩效和系统绩效有显著影响,知识匹配及成熟度对产学合作知识共享中学习绩效有显著影响,而对系统绩效影响不显著。另外,知识匹配及成熟度受产学合作关系、共享网络及平台、共享制度、文化与服务环境影响,自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用则受到产学合作关系、心理距离匹配度、共享网络及平台、共享制度、文化与服务环境四个因素的影响。
Knowledge sharing between the enterprises and universities, across the field of economy and science education, may exist many differences that may lead to conflicts of all kinds in the process of cooperation. How to improve performance of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on knowledge management, game and collaborative theories, using qualitative and quantitative analysis, literature search, normative analysis, and academic surveys, the dissertation has made a series of study on the key factors which companies and universities are faced with in improving knowledge sharing performance:
First of all, the dissertation explores status of related theoretical research in the field of industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing, analyses the concept, the characteristics and the categories of knowledge, and defines the concept and characteristics of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation. It also analyzes the external and internal drivers in industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing and also discusses the barriers from 5 aspects of organization nature and functions, income distribution and risk control, attributes and capabilities of knowledge, the core knowledge and over-protection, and the organizational culture; analysis on collaborative interaction in industry-university cooperation will help us understand the collaborative relationships between the two sides.
Secondly, the dissertation takes knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation as an organic system by composed of four elements which are subject elements, object elements, media elements and environmental elements. On this basis, it gives an analysis about the whole working process of these elements, and builds a compound cooperating and interactive model in industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing based on role-playing to illustrate the process and the purpose. Moreover it also explores the three processes of the knowledge sharing:selection and overflow of own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge, the absorption and application of common knowledge.
Thirdly, this dissertation analyzes the vector and environment of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation. Based on the analysis of the knowledge sharing network in industry-university cooperation and the gaming process of self evolution, the dissertation constructs a bilateral coordinating multiple dimension network between enterprises and universities, at the same time, it also elaborates the building of the relationship and information platforms of the network.This dissertation discusses how to exert an influence on knowledge practice by shaping a regulation environment so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the cultivating, the sharing and the creation of knowledge. These regulations include:the governance of knowledge sharing and the intellectual property protection,incentive and restriction mechanisms, income distribution and risk control. At last, this dissertation analyses how to build honesty and innovation learning cultural environment, service environment of government and intermediary.
Finally, the dissertation has built conceptual model of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation to explore the relationship between performance and the main elements, the object elements, the vector elements, and the environmental elements, and has conduct an empirical study as well. The conclusion is that the learning performance and system performance in knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation are greatly affected by the choice and the overflow of their own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge, the absorption and application of knowledge; knowledge matching and maturity affect on learning performance significantly but on system performance slightly. Among all the elements, the knowledge matching and maturity are influenced by the industry-university partnerships, shared network and platform, shared regulation, cultural and service environment, while their choice and overflow of own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge and the absorption and application of common knowledge is limited by industry-university partnerships, psychological distance matching degrees, shared networks and platforms, shared regulation, cultural and service environment.
其一,本文探讨了产学合作及知识共享的相关理论研究现状；对知识概念、特性及其类型进行了分析,对产学合作知识共享的概念及其特征进行了阐述与界定。同时,本文分析了产学合作知识共享的外在和内在驱动因素；从组织性质与功能、收益分配与风险控制、知识属性与能力、核心知识过度保护、组织文化五方面分析了产学合作知识共享的障碍因素；对产学合作中的协同交互作用的分析可以帮助我们了解产学合作知识共享双方的协作关系。
其二,本文将产学合作知识共享看作由四种要素构成的有机系统,将要素结构划分为主体要素、客体要素、载体要素和环境要素。在此基础上,分析了产学合作知识共享要素总体运作模型,构建了基于角色扮演的复合型产学合作知识共享协同交互模型,来阐明产学合作知识共享的过程和要达到的目的：并对产学合作知识共享的三个过程：自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用进行了探讨。
其三,本文分析了产学合作知识共享的载体与环境。一是在分析产学合作知识共享网络及其自我进化的博弈过程基础上,构建了企业与大学之间双边协调的多维网络关系,并对该网络的关系平台与信息平台建设进行了阐述。二是探讨了如何通过制度环境建设,去影响知识实践,以达到最优化地培育知识、知识共享和知识创造的目的。这些制度包括产学合作知识共享治理及知识产权保护、激励与约束机制、收益分配与风险控制等。三是对如何建设诚信与创新学习型文化环境和政府、中介服务环境进行了分析。
其四,本文构建了产学合作知识共享概念模型,探讨了主体要素、客体要素、载体要素、环境要素与绩效之间的关系,进行了实证研究。本文认为,自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用对产学合作知识共享中学习绩效和系统绩效有显著影响,知识匹配及成熟度对产学合作知识共享中学习绩效有显著影响,而对系统绩效影响不显著。另外,知识匹配及成熟度受产学合作关系、共享网络及平台、共享制度、文化与服务环境影响,自有知识的选择与溢出、知识的整合与共有知识的形成、共有知识的吸收与应用则受到产学合作关系、心理距离匹配度、共享网络及平台、共享制度、文化与服务环境四个因素的影响。
Knowledge sharing between the enterprises and universities, across the field of economy and science education, may exist many differences that may lead to conflicts of all kinds in the process of cooperation. How to improve performance of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on knowledge management, game and collaborative theories, using qualitative and quantitative analysis, literature search, normative analysis, and academic surveys, the dissertation has made a series of study on the key factors which companies and universities are faced with in improving knowledge sharing performance:
First of all, the dissertation explores status of related theoretical research in the field of industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing, analyses the concept, the characteristics and the categories of knowledge, and defines the concept and characteristics of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation. It also analyzes the external and internal drivers in industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing and also discusses the barriers from 5 aspects of organization nature and functions, income distribution and risk control, attributes and capabilities of knowledge, the core knowledge and over-protection, and the organizational culture; analysis on collaborative interaction in industry-university cooperation will help us understand the collaborative relationships between the two sides.
Secondly, the dissertation takes knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation as an organic system by composed of four elements which are subject elements, object elements, media elements and environmental elements. On this basis, it gives an analysis about the whole working process of these elements, and builds a compound cooperating and interactive model in industry-university cooperation and knowledge sharing based on role-playing to illustrate the process and the purpose. Moreover it also explores the three processes of the knowledge sharing:selection and overflow of own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge, the absorption and application of common knowledge.
Thirdly, this dissertation analyzes the vector and environment of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation. Based on the analysis of the knowledge sharing network in industry-university cooperation and the gaming process of self evolution, the dissertation constructs a bilateral coordinating multiple dimension network between enterprises and universities, at the same time, it also elaborates the building of the relationship and information platforms of the network.This dissertation discusses how to exert an influence on knowledge practice by shaping a regulation environment so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the cultivating, the sharing and the creation of knowledge. These regulations include:the governance of knowledge sharing and the intellectual property protection,incentive and restriction mechanisms, income distribution and risk control. At last, this dissertation analyses how to build honesty and innovation learning cultural environment, service environment of government and intermediary.
Finally, the dissertation has built conceptual model of knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation to explore the relationship between performance and the main elements, the object elements, the vector elements, and the environmental elements, and has conduct an empirical study as well. The conclusion is that the learning performance and system performance in knowledge sharing in industry-university cooperation are greatly affected by the choice and the overflow of their own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge, the absorption and application of knowledge; knowledge matching and maturity affect on learning performance significantly but on system performance slightly. Among all the elements, the knowledge matching and maturity are influenced by the industry-university partnerships, shared network and platform, shared regulation, cultural and service environment, while their choice and overflow of own knowledge, knowledge integration and the formation of common knowledge and the absorption and application of common knowledge is limited by industry-university partnerships, psychological distance matching degrees, shared networks and platforms, shared regulation, cultural and service environment.
引文
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