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非饱和原状黄土K_0固结特性研究与应用
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摘要
随着西部大开发的进一步深化,高等级公路已经延伸到广阔的西部。在这些地区的公路建设中,遇到的多是非饱和黄土地基。因此,在非饱和黄土地基上进行公路建设时出现的有关地基变形的问题就急待解决。本文主要是为了解决这一实际工程问题而进行的应用基础研究。
     结合实际工程情况,本文在考虑黄土的增湿变形但不考虑其湿陷变形的情况下,应用GDS试验系统对甘肃陇西(Q_3)黄土进行了连续加载情况下的K_0固结试验。不考虑非饱和黄土的四相组成而把它看成一个整体,对试验数据资料进行分析。分析得知:原状黄土由于结构性的影响,其变形可以明显的分为三个阶段:结构基本完好阶段、结构破坏阶段、重塑阶段。在变形计算中可忽略第一阶段的影响,但第二阶段的影响很大。因此各有关分析都是分阶段进行的。本文提出了即时割线模量的概念,认为在荷载连续施加过程中,割线模量最小的点即结构完全破坏点,此后即进入第三阶段。通过分阶段进行分析探讨,得出了各个阶段的割线模量的经验解析解,并分析了含水量对其产生的影响。利用同样的方法对试样的应力—应变关系进行了分段探讨,得出了应力—应变关系的经验解析式,也分析了含水量对其产生的影响。另外,对静止侧压力系数也进行了同样的分析。
     在试验结果的基础上,建立了应力—应变—时间关系的本构模型。根据相似理论,将该模型应用于公路路基变形计算中。
     最后,编制了计算程序,使公路路基沉降计算准确、简便、快捷。
With the development of the west of China, more and more high grade highways are built. In this region, unsaturated loess is dealt with frequently. So it is very necessary and urgent to estimate the deformation of it in highway construction. It is the intention of this paper.
    With considering loess's moistening deformation and without considering loess's collapsing ones, making use of GDS(Geotechnical Digital System), Ko consolidation tests under continuous loading
    are carried out on the loess(Q3) which comes from Longxi area in Gansu province. When analyzing the experimental data, the unsaturated loess is regarded as macroscopical and its four-phase system is ignored. Based on the analysis, the deforming process of the intact loess is divided into three stages because of its special structure. In the first stage, its original structure is intact on the whole. In the second, its original structure is destroying. In the third, its new structure is formed. The deformation produced in the first stage can be ignored, but it is big more in the second. So all the analyses are done according to those different stages. In this paper, the updating secant modulus is proposed. During continuous loading, the loess's structure is destroyed completely at the point of the least secant modulus and the loess's deforming process goes into the third stage after it The experiential-analytical solution of the secant modulus of different stages is deduced and the influence of water content
    is analyzed. In the same way, the experiential-analytical solutions of the stress-strain relationship and the coefficient of lateral pressure are deduced with considering the influence of water content in different ones.
    On the basis of analyzing the experimental data, the constitutive model of the relationship among stress, strain and time is established. Based on the similitude theory, the model is used to calculate the settlement of highway subgrade.
    Additionally, computer program is formed to make the calculation of the settlement of highway sub grade concise and convenient.
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