评《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》及其《实施细则》的英译文
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摘要
2002年1月1日颁布的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》以及2003年3月1日颁布的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例实施细则》标志着我国国际海运管理正式步入法制化轨道,体现了我国加入WTO后在海运方面进一步开放的承诺,对推动行业发展和行政改革起到了积极作用。尽管该条例及其细则的颁布是继中国海商法之后又一里程碑,但其中不少初探性的规定受到多方质疑和评价。当前,从语言角度分析其英译文的少之甚少。鉴于该条例及其细则的英文译本中存在着许多值得商榷之处,有必要对《海运条例》及其《实施细则》的英译文进行理论性系统的研究和评析,以免日后影响到日常海运操作流程,外商在华投资以及中国航运在国际上的形象。
在语言研究领域,至今还没有一个专门用来指导法律文献的翻译理论。然而,众所周知,翻译的诸多要素是相互影响,相互作用的。客观、有效的翻译标准均离不开读者的参与。本文以奈达的功能对等理论所强调的读者反应一致性为理论根基。作者认为奈达所强调的“反应”是个宽泛的概念,奈达的功能对等理论强调的读者“反应”一致旨在两种文本读者“理解”的一致上。然后,理论结合实际,对《海运条例》及其《实施细则》的英译文进行了正反两方面的分析。
整篇文章分为四部分:
一、阐述海运条例及其细则颁布的重大意义,及对英译文进行系统的理论性分析的必要性。
二、理论探索。以奈达的功能对等理论所强调的读者反应一致性为根基,旨在强调原文读者与译文读者有一致的理解上。
三、作者从词法,句法等层次评论该英译文的合理之处,以示该译文怎样达到读者理解上的一致性。
四、从词法、句法几个层次,评析该条例及其细则翻译容易引起读者误解和不理解之处,并找到国际惯例的相关应用,进而提出自己的修改意见。
最后得出结论:在中国翻译界,法律文件翻译是个全新的领域,优秀的英译文应当力求译文读者与原文读者有一致的理解,避免引起歧义和误解。作者认为,理论联系实际将促使我国法规翻译朝着更加准确、规范、完美的目标迈进。
The promulgation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation on Jan. 1st 2002 and its Implementing Rules published on March 1st 2003 symbolizes that China's international maritime administration has officially been included in China's legal system, which reflects China's further opening-up of the shipping market since the accession to the WTO. Although the Regulations and its Implementing Rules are regarded as another landmark in China's maritime law history after Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China, the translations are scrutinized and questioned by legal experts and shipping operators worldwide. However, few people have made the relevant analysis and study from the linguistic point of view. Thus, it is of vital importance to have a systematic and theoretical study and overview on the translation of the Regulations and its Implementing Rules.
In the field of linguistic study, there isn't any translation theory which is used specially in legal translation. It is well known that the key factors of translating do interact and interplay with each other. An objective and efficient translation criterion can not go without the participant of the reader. This thesis is formed on the basis of reader's response emphasized in Nida's translation theory of Functional Equivalence. The author has proved that reader's response mentioned in Nida's FE is in a broad sense which actually emphasizes the same "understanding" of the two readers. This is the same with the requirement of equal legal effect that there is only one understanding acceptable according to the law. Unlike literary works, the primary goal of law is not to be appreciated, but to be abided by. In other words, legal translation permits only one understanding, the one same as that derived form the original. Thus, the connecting point between the translation theory and legal translation has been found. This is also a creative fruit of this thesis. Base on the theory proved above, the author made analysis and study of the translation from both positive and negative aspects.
The whole article is divided into four chapters
Chapter One: The significance of the Regulations and the Implementing Rules and why a theoretical and systematic review is needed
Chapter Two: Theoretical exploration. On the basis of reader's response theory emphasized in Nida's Functional Equivalence, the author has found out the connecting point between the translation theory and legal translation.
Chapter Three: Translation techniques on lexical level and syntactic level to achieve equivalent readers' understanding.
Chapter Four: Defects and mistakes on lexical, syntactic and stylistic levels which would lead reader's misunderstanding.
At the end of the thesis the author concludes that an excellent translation of legal text needs to achieve the same understanding of the two readers. No misunderstanding is allowed. The author also believes that a combination of theories with practices in this field will contribute greatly to the production of satisfactory legal document translations.
在语言研究领域,至今还没有一个专门用来指导法律文献的翻译理论。然而,众所周知,翻译的诸多要素是相互影响,相互作用的。客观、有效的翻译标准均离不开读者的参与。本文以奈达的功能对等理论所强调的读者反应一致性为理论根基。作者认为奈达所强调的“反应”是个宽泛的概念,奈达的功能对等理论强调的读者“反应”一致旨在两种文本读者“理解”的一致上。然后,理论结合实际,对《海运条例》及其《实施细则》的英译文进行了正反两方面的分析。
整篇文章分为四部分:
一、阐述海运条例及其细则颁布的重大意义,及对英译文进行系统的理论性分析的必要性。
二、理论探索。以奈达的功能对等理论所强调的读者反应一致性为根基,旨在强调原文读者与译文读者有一致的理解上。
三、作者从词法,句法等层次评论该英译文的合理之处,以示该译文怎样达到读者理解上的一致性。
四、从词法、句法几个层次,评析该条例及其细则翻译容易引起读者误解和不理解之处,并找到国际惯例的相关应用,进而提出自己的修改意见。
最后得出结论:在中国翻译界,法律文件翻译是个全新的领域,优秀的英译文应当力求译文读者与原文读者有一致的理解,避免引起歧义和误解。作者认为,理论联系实际将促使我国法规翻译朝着更加准确、规范、完美的目标迈进。
The promulgation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation on Jan. 1st 2002 and its Implementing Rules published on March 1st 2003 symbolizes that China's international maritime administration has officially been included in China's legal system, which reflects China's further opening-up of the shipping market since the accession to the WTO. Although the Regulations and its Implementing Rules are regarded as another landmark in China's maritime law history after Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China, the translations are scrutinized and questioned by legal experts and shipping operators worldwide. However, few people have made the relevant analysis and study from the linguistic point of view. Thus, it is of vital importance to have a systematic and theoretical study and overview on the translation of the Regulations and its Implementing Rules.
In the field of linguistic study, there isn't any translation theory which is used specially in legal translation. It is well known that the key factors of translating do interact and interplay with each other. An objective and efficient translation criterion can not go without the participant of the reader. This thesis is formed on the basis of reader's response emphasized in Nida's translation theory of Functional Equivalence. The author has proved that reader's response mentioned in Nida's FE is in a broad sense which actually emphasizes the same "understanding" of the two readers. This is the same with the requirement of equal legal effect that there is only one understanding acceptable according to the law. Unlike literary works, the primary goal of law is not to be appreciated, but to be abided by. In other words, legal translation permits only one understanding, the one same as that derived form the original. Thus, the connecting point between the translation theory and legal translation has been found. This is also a creative fruit of this thesis. Base on the theory proved above, the author made analysis and study of the translation from both positive and negative aspects.
The whole article is divided into four chapters
Chapter One: The significance of the Regulations and the Implementing Rules and why a theoretical and systematic review is needed
Chapter Two: Theoretical exploration. On the basis of reader's response theory emphasized in Nida's Functional Equivalence, the author has found out the connecting point between the translation theory and legal translation.
Chapter Three: Translation techniques on lexical level and syntactic level to achieve equivalent readers' understanding.
Chapter Four: Defects and mistakes on lexical, syntactic and stylistic levels which would lead reader's misunderstanding.
At the end of the thesis the author concludes that an excellent translation of legal text needs to achieve the same understanding of the two readers. No misunderstanding is allowed. The author also believes that a combination of theories with practices in this field will contribute greatly to the production of satisfactory legal document translations.
引文
1. Black, Henry Compell. M.A. Black's Law Dictionary, West Publishing Corporation, 1979
2. Crystal, David and Davy, Derek, Investigating English Style, Longman, 1969
3. De Waard, Jan and E. A. Nida, From One Language to Another: Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating New York: Nelson, 1986.
4. Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2004
5. Henry Weihofen, Legal Writing Style, West Publishing Company, 1961
6. Jin Di, & Nida, Eugene. A. On translation 中国对外翻译出版分司 1984
7. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation New York: Prentice Hall, 1988
8. Nida, Eugene. A. Toward a Science of Translation, Leiden: E.J.Brill. 1964
9. Nida, Eugene. A. Language, Culture and Translating, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
10. Nida, Eugene A. and Taber The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J.Brill. 1969.
11. Nida, Eugene A. Language Structure and Translation: Essays by Eugene A. Nida Standford: Standford University Press, 1975
12. Nida, Eugene A. Language and Culture — Contexts in Translating Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2001
13. Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary Fourth edition The Commercial Press & Oxford University Press 1997
14. Karl Joanson, International Civil and Commercial Convention and Tractices 中国政 法大学出版社 1993
15. Lao, Long, "Book Review: On Translation by Jin Di and Eugene A. Nida." Chinese Translators Journal 2 (1987): 56-57
16. Liu, Miqing, "On the Basic Model of Chinese Translation Theory." Eds. Yang Zijian and Liu Xueyun. Translation Studies(1983-1992). Wuhan: Hubei Education Press, 1994.308-321
17.Luo,Xinzhang,An Anthology of Writings on Translation,Beijing:Commercial Press,1984
18.Wu Yicheng,On Problems of Translation Equivalence Chinese Translators Journal 1(1994):2-4
19.陈忠诚《法窗译话》中国对外翻译出版公司1992
20.陈中绳《汉英词语翻译漫谈》吉林人民出版社1984
21.单其昌《汉英翻译技巧》外语教学与研究出版社1990
22.杜金榜《法律语言学》上海外语教育出版社2004
23.方梦之 马秉义《汉译英实际与技巧》旅游教育出版社1996
24.金兵“归化,异化与读者反应”温州大学学报2006第19卷第1期
25.金堤《等效翻译探索》中国对外翻译出版公司1998
26.李克兴 张新红《法律文本与法律翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司2006
27.林克难“奈达与纽马克翻译理论比较”,中国翻译,(6)2-4,1992
28.刘宓庆《新编汉英对比与翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司2006
29.刘英凯“试论奈达‘读者反应'论在中国的负面作用”上海科技翻译,(1)1997
30.连淑能《英汉对比研究》高等教育出版社1993
31.刘重德《西方译论研究》中国对外翻译出版公司2003
32.罗新璋“中外翻译观之‘似'与‘等'”,杨自检、刘学云,翻译新论,湖北教育出版社1994
33.毛荣贵《走出翻译误区》上海交通大学出版社1999
34.钱霖生“读者反应能作为评价译文好坏的标准吗?”中国翻译(2):42-44,1998
35.钱瑗《实用英语文体学》外语教学与研究出版社2006
36.秦洪武“论读者反应在翻译理论和翻译实践中的意义”中外国语,(1):48-54,1999
37.思果《翻译新究》中国对外翻译出版公司2001
38.孙海晨《汉译英实用技能训练》外文出版社1998
39.孙致礼“关于我国翻译理论建设的几点思考”,中国翻译,(2):12-16,1997
40.谭载喜《新编奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司1999
41.陶博《法律英语》复旦大学出版社2004
42.王大伟 魏清光汉英翻译技巧教学与研究中国对外翻译出版公司2005
43.王家斌“评《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》英译文”上海海事大学硕士论文2003
44.王佐良“翻译:思考与试笔”北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998,
45.吴伟平《语言与法律——司法领域的语言学研究》上海外语教育出版社2002
46.萧立明《英汉比较研究与翻译》上海外语教育出版社2002
47.张国宁“法律翻译中的读者反应”上海海事大学硕士论文2006
48.张南峰《中西译学批评》清华大学出版社2004
49.许钧《当代美国翻译理论》湖北教育出版社2000
50.《中国翻译》编辑部编辑《中译英技巧文集》中国对外翻译出版公司1992
51.《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》人民交通出版社2002
52.《中华人民共和国国际海运条例实施细则》人民交通出版社2003
2. Crystal, David and Davy, Derek, Investigating English Style, Longman, 1969
3. De Waard, Jan and E. A. Nida, From One Language to Another: Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating New York: Nelson, 1986.
4. Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2004
5. Henry Weihofen, Legal Writing Style, West Publishing Company, 1961
6. Jin Di, & Nida, Eugene. A. On translation 中国对外翻译出版分司 1984
7. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation New York: Prentice Hall, 1988
8. Nida, Eugene. A. Toward a Science of Translation, Leiden: E.J.Brill. 1964
9. Nida, Eugene. A. Language, Culture and Translating, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
10. Nida, Eugene A. and Taber The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J.Brill. 1969.
11. Nida, Eugene A. Language Structure and Translation: Essays by Eugene A. Nida Standford: Standford University Press, 1975
12. Nida, Eugene A. Language and Culture — Contexts in Translating Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2001
13. Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary Fourth edition The Commercial Press & Oxford University Press 1997
14. Karl Joanson, International Civil and Commercial Convention and Tractices 中国政 法大学出版社 1993
15. Lao, Long, "Book Review: On Translation by Jin Di and Eugene A. Nida." Chinese Translators Journal 2 (1987): 56-57
16. Liu, Miqing, "On the Basic Model of Chinese Translation Theory." Eds. Yang Zijian and Liu Xueyun. Translation Studies(1983-1992). Wuhan: Hubei Education Press, 1994.308-321
17.Luo,Xinzhang,An Anthology of Writings on Translation,Beijing:Commercial Press,1984
18.Wu Yicheng,On Problems of Translation Equivalence Chinese Translators Journal 1(1994):2-4
19.陈忠诚《法窗译话》中国对外翻译出版公司1992
20.陈中绳《汉英词语翻译漫谈》吉林人民出版社1984
21.单其昌《汉英翻译技巧》外语教学与研究出版社1990
22.杜金榜《法律语言学》上海外语教育出版社2004
23.方梦之 马秉义《汉译英实际与技巧》旅游教育出版社1996
24.金兵“归化,异化与读者反应”温州大学学报2006第19卷第1期
25.金堤《等效翻译探索》中国对外翻译出版公司1998
26.李克兴 张新红《法律文本与法律翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司2006
27.林克难“奈达与纽马克翻译理论比较”,中国翻译,(6)2-4,1992
28.刘宓庆《新编汉英对比与翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司2006
29.刘英凯“试论奈达‘读者反应'论在中国的负面作用”上海科技翻译,(1)1997
30.连淑能《英汉对比研究》高等教育出版社1993
31.刘重德《西方译论研究》中国对外翻译出版公司2003
32.罗新璋“中外翻译观之‘似'与‘等'”,杨自检、刘学云,翻译新论,湖北教育出版社1994
33.毛荣贵《走出翻译误区》上海交通大学出版社1999
34.钱霖生“读者反应能作为评价译文好坏的标准吗?”中国翻译(2):42-44,1998
35.钱瑗《实用英语文体学》外语教学与研究出版社2006
36.秦洪武“论读者反应在翻译理论和翻译实践中的意义”中外国语,(1):48-54,1999
37.思果《翻译新究》中国对外翻译出版公司2001
38.孙海晨《汉译英实用技能训练》外文出版社1998
39.孙致礼“关于我国翻译理论建设的几点思考”,中国翻译,(2):12-16,1997
40.谭载喜《新编奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司1999
41.陶博《法律英语》复旦大学出版社2004
42.王大伟 魏清光汉英翻译技巧教学与研究中国对外翻译出版公司2005
43.王家斌“评《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》英译文”上海海事大学硕士论文2003
44.王佐良“翻译:思考与试笔”北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998,
45.吴伟平《语言与法律——司法领域的语言学研究》上海外语教育出版社2002
46.萧立明《英汉比较研究与翻译》上海外语教育出版社2002
47.张国宁“法律翻译中的读者反应”上海海事大学硕士论文2006
48.张南峰《中西译学批评》清华大学出版社2004
49.许钧《当代美国翻译理论》湖北教育出版社2000
50.《中国翻译》编辑部编辑《中译英技巧文集》中国对外翻译出版公司1992
51.《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》人民交通出版社2002
52.《中华人民共和国国际海运条例实施细则》人民交通出版社2003
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