铁炭内电解技术和混凝法深度处理焦化废水的研究
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摘要
本研究系统的阐述了焦化废水的种类和特性。焦化废水往往由于成分复杂、水质变化大、毒性大、含有大量难降解有机物等特点,是目前国内难处理的工业废水之一。目前焦化废水通常采用预处理和二级生物处理后排放,但经二级生物处理后出水大都很难达标。因此,焦化废水的深度处理势在必行。本研究在客观分析焦化废水深度处理技术的基础上,采用铁炭微电解技术和混凝法分别对焦化废水进行了深度处理的试验研究。
铁炭微电解技术研究结果表明,利用铁炭微电解技术深度处理焦化废水,其反应环境、原水pH值、反应时间、铸铁屑和颗粒活性炭的投加量是影响处理效果的主要因素。利用正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:曝气条件下原水pH值为3、反应时间为4h、铸铁屑和颗粒活性炭的投加量分别为40g/L和10g/L。在最佳条件下进行动态连续流试验,考察了回流比(R)对CODCr(Chemical Oxygen Demand)和NH4+-N处理效果的影响,研究得出铁炭微电解深度处理焦化废水效果较好,当回流比(R)=1时,出水CODCr浓度范围为96.7～136.02mg/L,可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)二级排放标准;当回流比(R)=2时,出水CODCr浓度范围为58.69～90.19mg/L,可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)一级排放标准。NH+_4~+-N的出水浓度在回流比(R)=1、2时均可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)二级排放标准。
混凝法深度处理焦化废水试验中,采用了PAC(Polyaluminium chloride)、PFS(Polyaluminium chloride)、PAM(Polyacrylamide)三种常见混凝剂进行深度处理焦化废水试验研究,通过实验确定了PAC、PFS、PAM单一作用时最佳投药量和最佳pH值,并确定PAC、PFS分别和PAM复配使用时的最佳组合及最佳投药量。研究结果表明:投加混凝剂对焦化废水中的污染物有一定的去除,但混凝剂不同处理效果也不同,有机混凝剂去除效果好于无机混凝剂,铁盐混凝剂效果由于铝盐混凝剂,具体为PAM>PFS>PAC;复配合使用时的最佳组合和最佳投加量分别为PFS+PAM和60+6mg/L,CODCr和色度去除率分别为58.2%、88.2%。
Systematic analysis of the varieties and characteristics of coking wastewater was conducted. Coking wastewater is often due to complex composition, large changes in water quality, toxic, large amounts of refractory organic matter, so is one of the intractable industrial wastewater. Currently coking wastewater is pretreatmented and biological treatmented before discharge, but water after biological treatment cann,t meet the discharge standard. Thereforethe advanced treatment of coking wastewater treatment is imperative. In this study, based on objective analysis of the advanced treatment of coking wastewater, the use of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology and coagulation as the respective advanced treatment of the coking wastewater treatment is studied.
The results of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis used as the advanced treatment of coking wastewater show that, the react environment, the initial pH level of wastewater, the reaction time, the dosage of iron scrap and granular activated carbon are main factors affecting the treatment effect. The L9(34) orthogonal experiment is carried out to define the optimal conditions as follows: the initial pH level of wastewater is 3, the retention time is 4 hour, the dosage of cast iron and active carbon is 40 and 10g/L. Dynamic continuous experiment conduct under the best conditions, investigate the impact that reflux ratio(R) changes removal effect of CODCr and NH4+-N, the result shows that:When the reflux ratio (R) is one, the concentration of CODCr in the effluent water ranged from 96.7~136.02mg/L, which can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992) standardⅡ; When the reflux ratio(R) is one, the concentration of CODCr in the effluent water ranged from 58.69 to 90.19mg/L, which can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992)standardⅠ. the concentration of NH4+-N in the effluent water when the reflux ratio (R) is one and two all can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992)standardⅡ.
Using coagulation as an advanced treatment of coking wastewater, three common coagulants such as PAC, PFS, PAM are used. Through experiment, the optimum pH value, optimum dosing quantity of flocculatant to this kind of wastewater, the best fit and the best quantity in best fit are determined. Results show: different flocculants have different effect on the treatment of coking wastewater. Organic flocculant is better than inorganic flocculant, ferric flocculant is better than aluminum flocculant, that is PAM>PFS>PAC. The best dosing quantity in the best fit is PFS+PAM and 60+6mg/L. The removal efficiency of COD_(Cr) and chroma of the treated water can reach 58.2%, 88.2%.
铁炭微电解技术研究结果表明,利用铁炭微电解技术深度处理焦化废水,其反应环境、原水pH值、反应时间、铸铁屑和颗粒活性炭的投加量是影响处理效果的主要因素。利用正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:曝气条件下原水pH值为3、反应时间为4h、铸铁屑和颗粒活性炭的投加量分别为40g/L和10g/L。在最佳条件下进行动态连续流试验,考察了回流比(R)对CODCr(Chemical Oxygen Demand)和NH4+-N处理效果的影响,研究得出铁炭微电解深度处理焦化废水效果较好,当回流比(R)=1时,出水CODCr浓度范围为96.7～136.02mg/L,可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)二级排放标准;当回流比(R)=2时,出水CODCr浓度范围为58.69～90.19mg/L,可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)一级排放标准。NH+_4~+-N的出水浓度在回流比(R)=1、2时均可以达到《钢铁工业污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—1992)二级排放标准。
混凝法深度处理焦化废水试验中,采用了PAC(Polyaluminium chloride)、PFS(Polyaluminium chloride)、PAM(Polyacrylamide)三种常见混凝剂进行深度处理焦化废水试验研究,通过实验确定了PAC、PFS、PAM单一作用时最佳投药量和最佳pH值,并确定PAC、PFS分别和PAM复配使用时的最佳组合及最佳投药量。研究结果表明:投加混凝剂对焦化废水中的污染物有一定的去除,但混凝剂不同处理效果也不同,有机混凝剂去除效果好于无机混凝剂,铁盐混凝剂效果由于铝盐混凝剂,具体为PAM>PFS>PAC;复配合使用时的最佳组合和最佳投加量分别为PFS+PAM和60+6mg/L,CODCr和色度去除率分别为58.2%、88.2%。
Systematic analysis of the varieties and characteristics of coking wastewater was conducted. Coking wastewater is often due to complex composition, large changes in water quality, toxic, large amounts of refractory organic matter, so is one of the intractable industrial wastewater. Currently coking wastewater is pretreatmented and biological treatmented before discharge, but water after biological treatment cann,t meet the discharge standard. Thereforethe advanced treatment of coking wastewater treatment is imperative. In this study, based on objective analysis of the advanced treatment of coking wastewater, the use of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology and coagulation as the respective advanced treatment of the coking wastewater treatment is studied.
The results of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis used as the advanced treatment of coking wastewater show that, the react environment, the initial pH level of wastewater, the reaction time, the dosage of iron scrap and granular activated carbon are main factors affecting the treatment effect. The L9(34) orthogonal experiment is carried out to define the optimal conditions as follows: the initial pH level of wastewater is 3, the retention time is 4 hour, the dosage of cast iron and active carbon is 40 and 10g/L. Dynamic continuous experiment conduct under the best conditions, investigate the impact that reflux ratio(R) changes removal effect of CODCr and NH4+-N, the result shows that:When the reflux ratio (R) is one, the concentration of CODCr in the effluent water ranged from 96.7~136.02mg/L, which can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992) standardⅡ; When the reflux ratio(R) is one, the concentration of CODCr in the effluent water ranged from 58.69 to 90.19mg/L, which can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992)standardⅠ. the concentration of NH4+-N in the effluent water when the reflux ratio (R) is one and two all can meet the discharge standard of wastewater polluntants for iron and steel industry (GB 13456—1992)standardⅡ.
Using coagulation as an advanced treatment of coking wastewater, three common coagulants such as PAC, PFS, PAM are used. Through experiment, the optimum pH value, optimum dosing quantity of flocculatant to this kind of wastewater, the best fit and the best quantity in best fit are determined. Results show: different flocculants have different effect on the treatment of coking wastewater. Organic flocculant is better than inorganic flocculant, ferric flocculant is better than aluminum flocculant, that is PAM>PFS>PAC. The best dosing quantity in the best fit is PFS+PAM and 60+6mg/L. The removal efficiency of COD_(Cr) and chroma of the treated water can reach 58.2%, 88.2%.
引文
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[3] Azhar N G, Stuckey D C. The influence of chemical structure on the anaerobic catabolism of refractory compounds: a case study of instant coffee waster. Water Science and Technology, 1994, 30(12): 223-232.
[4] Li Y M,Gu G W, Zhao J E, et a1. Anoxic degradation of nitrogenous heterocyclic Compouds by acclimate activated sludge[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 37(1):81-86.
[5]何晨燕,赵玉新.焦化废水处理技术探讨.北方环境, 2004, 29(1): 51-54.
[6]刑向军,周集体,成耀武. A-A/O法在焦化废水处理中的运行与管理.环境工程, 2005, 23(2): 29-32.
[7]钱易等.焦化废水中难降解有机物去除的研究.环境科学研究, 1992, 5(5): 1-8。
[8]辛国章,吴健,白玉兴.聚合硫酸铁在水处理工艺中的应用.冶金环境保护, 2002, (4): 19-21.
[9]何礼君.超微细气泡曝气柱应用于焦化生产中的可行性探讨.冶金环境保护, 2002, (4): 1-3.
[10]邵林广,陈斌,黄霞等.水解(酸化).缺氧.好氧固定床生物膜系统处理废水的试验研究.环境科学, 1994, 15(6):51～53.
[11]葛文准,陈玮,郭虹民等.炼焦废水的处理研究.上海环境科学, 1989, 8(8): 14-16.
[12]王士钊,谭胜,付洪瑞,等.利用斜发沸石处理氨氮废水的研究.河北化工, 2003, (4): 51-52.
[13]徐晓军,魏在山,宫磊,等.絮凝气浮法处理高浓度焦化废水的试验研究.青岛建筑工程学院学报, 2003, 24(4): 1-4.
[14]何苗.焦化废水中有机污染物经厌氧酸化后对好氧生物降解性能的影响.中国环境科学, 1998, 18(3): 276-279.
[15]乔元梅,任艳霞.焦化废水处理技术综述.过滤与分离, 2007, 17(3): 46-48.
[16]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1998, 9-11.
[17] Jun xin L. Removal of nitrogen from coal gasification and coke plant wastewater in A/O submer-ged biofilm activated sludge ( SBF-AS )hybrid system. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1996, 34(10): 17-24.
[18] Lee M W, Park J M. Biological nitrification removal from coke plant wastewater with external carbon addition. Water Enviro. Res, 1998, (70):1090-1095.
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