黄瓜耐低氮性特征特性研究
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摘要
植物的耐低氮性是一个十分普遍的应急反应。耐低氮在不同植物间以及同一植物的不同发育阶段和水平(植株、器官、组织、细胞)各不相同,所以,植物的根、茎、叶、果都会存在差异。本试验以耐低氮性强的黄瓜品种“D0328”和耐低氮性弱的黄瓜品种“F02-07,04-1-4”为材料,正常的田间管理条件下,在各个生长时期通过对这两个黄瓜品种进行比较,研究其耐低氮性的特征特性差异,旨在探索黄瓜耐低氮性的一些基本特征及规律,以期为黄瓜耐低氮育种工作及黄瓜耐低氮性机理的研究奠定基础。本试验主要研究结果如下:
1.低氮胁迫条件下,耐低氮品种“D0328”和不耐低氮品种“F02-07,04-1-4”之间差异最显著的时期是结果初期,因此结果初期可作为黄瓜耐低氮品种筛选的最佳时期。
2.低氮胁迫条件下,两个品种在结果初期各指标差异显著程度由大到小依次是:果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系伤流量、叶片NRA、冠根比、叶片含氮量、根体积。
3.与正常施氮相比,低氮胁迫下,上述8个指标中两个品种的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系伤流量、叶片NRA、冠根比这6个指标变化幅度差异最显著。
4.低氮胁迫下,上述8个指标中两个品种的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系体积、冠根比这5个指标的最大变化时期差异最显著。
5.所以,黄瓜植株结果初期的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量和冠根比这4个指标可作为黄瓜耐低氮性的主要评价指标,叶片NRA和根系伤流量可作为辅助筛选指标,而根系体积和叶片含氮量只能作为参考筛选指标。
A plant’s low-nitrogen tolerance is a very universal emergency reaction.There is much variance of low-nitrogen tolerance among different plants and different parts of a plant (plant, tissue, organ, and cell) during the entire developing process. Therefore, all parts in a plant, such as root, stem, leaf and fruit, will have difference. In this experiment, cucumber cultivars‘D0328’(tolerant low nitrogen strong) and‘F02-07,04-1-4’(tolerant low nitrogen weak) were used as materials in routine farming management by comparing with each other to study the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of cucumber in order to find some programmed characteristics and mechanism of low-nitrogen tolerance, which can be the theoretical basis to find the mechanism of low-nitrogen tolerance and breeding resisting low nitrogen varieties. The results were as follows:
1. Under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant deviation between the two cucumber cultivars happened in the initial bearing stage, so the initial bearing stage can be used as the best period for screening cucumber cultivars which can tolerant low nitrogen.
2. During the initial bearing stage, every index was arranged according to the significance degree of deviation ,the results were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits,the dry weight of fruits, the harvest,the bleeding flow rate of roots,the NRA of leaves, the top root ratio,the nitrogen content in leaves,root volume.
3. Compared with the normal nitrogen condition, under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant variance indices of changing amplitude were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits, the dry weight of fruits, the harvest, the bleeding flow rate of roots, the NRA of leaves, the top root ratio.
4. Under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant indices of variance of the maximum changing period were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits, the dry weight of fruits, the harvest, root volume, the top root ratio.
5. Therefore,during the initial bearing stage, the nitrogen contents in fruits, the dry weight of fruits,the harvest and the top root ratio can be used as main screening indices of cucumber cultivars which can tolerant low nitrogen. The NRA of leaves and the bleeding flow rate of roots can be used as subsidiary screening indices.The root volume and the nitrogen content in leaves can only serve as referred screening indices.
1.低氮胁迫条件下,耐低氮品种“D0328”和不耐低氮品种“F02-07,04-1-4”之间差异最显著的时期是结果初期,因此结果初期可作为黄瓜耐低氮品种筛选的最佳时期。
2.低氮胁迫条件下,两个品种在结果初期各指标差异显著程度由大到小依次是:果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系伤流量、叶片NRA、冠根比、叶片含氮量、根体积。
3.与正常施氮相比,低氮胁迫下,上述8个指标中两个品种的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系伤流量、叶片NRA、冠根比这6个指标变化幅度差异最显著。
4.低氮胁迫下,上述8个指标中两个品种的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量、根系体积、冠根比这5个指标的最大变化时期差异最显著。
5.所以,黄瓜植株结果初期的果实含氮量、果实干重、产量和冠根比这4个指标可作为黄瓜耐低氮性的主要评价指标,叶片NRA和根系伤流量可作为辅助筛选指标,而根系体积和叶片含氮量只能作为参考筛选指标。
A plant’s low-nitrogen tolerance is a very universal emergency reaction.There is much variance of low-nitrogen tolerance among different plants and different parts of a plant (plant, tissue, organ, and cell) during the entire developing process. Therefore, all parts in a plant, such as root, stem, leaf and fruit, will have difference. In this experiment, cucumber cultivars‘D0328’(tolerant low nitrogen strong) and‘F02-07,04-1-4’(tolerant low nitrogen weak) were used as materials in routine farming management by comparing with each other to study the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of cucumber in order to find some programmed characteristics and mechanism of low-nitrogen tolerance, which can be the theoretical basis to find the mechanism of low-nitrogen tolerance and breeding resisting low nitrogen varieties. The results were as follows:
1. Under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant deviation between the two cucumber cultivars happened in the initial bearing stage, so the initial bearing stage can be used as the best period for screening cucumber cultivars which can tolerant low nitrogen.
2. During the initial bearing stage, every index was arranged according to the significance degree of deviation ,the results were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits,the dry weight of fruits, the harvest,the bleeding flow rate of roots,the NRA of leaves, the top root ratio,the nitrogen content in leaves,root volume.
3. Compared with the normal nitrogen condition, under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant variance indices of changing amplitude were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits, the dry weight of fruits, the harvest, the bleeding flow rate of roots, the NRA of leaves, the top root ratio.
4. Under low-nitrogen stress, the most significant indices of variance of the maximum changing period were as follows: the nitrogen content in fruits, the dry weight of fruits, the harvest, root volume, the top root ratio.
5. Therefore,during the initial bearing stage, the nitrogen contents in fruits, the dry weight of fruits,the harvest and the top root ratio can be used as main screening indices of cucumber cultivars which can tolerant low nitrogen. The NRA of leaves and the bleeding flow rate of roots can be used as subsidiary screening indices.The root volume and the nitrogen content in leaves can only serve as referred screening indices.
引文
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郝再彬,苍晶,徐仲.2004.植物生理实验.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社
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霍常富,孙海龙.2007.根系氮吸收过程及其主要调节因子.应用生态学报,18(6):1356～1364
姜佰文,贾文凯,王春宏等.2010.氮素调控对寒地玉米氮素积累及产量的影响.东北农业大学学报,41(8):33～36
李冬梅,魏珉,张海森.2006.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,12(3):382～387
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李银坤,武雪萍,吴会军等.2010.水氮互作对温室黄瓜光合特征与产量的影响.中国生态农业学报,18(6):1170～1175
李亚军.2010.不同氮效率油菜对氮肥的相应.西北农林科技大学
李燕婷,米国华,陈范骏等.2001.玉米幼苗地上部/根间氮的循环及其基因型差异.植物生理学报,27(3):226～230
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刘克礼,高聚林,刘瑞香等.2003.春小麦氮素吸收、积累与分配规律的研究.麦类作物学报,23(3):97～102
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