复杂断块低渗致密砂岩气藏裂缝发育规律研究
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摘要
我国低渗致密储层不同程度地发育天然裂缝,裂缝的存在与否对油气井的产能高低起重要控制因素,因其分布复杂,目前这类油气藏开发效果普遍较差,特别是我国东部油气田断块小,裂缝加上小断层的存在为油气田开发增加了难度,给开发地质研究提出了更新的研究课题。本文在前人相关研究基础上,以户部寨气田ES_4段作为典型实例,通过多种理论、方法及生产动态资料有机结合,详细研究了低渗致密砂岩储层裂缝裂分布规律研究方法及缝裂分布模型建立。
本文首先分析了户部寨气田裂缝成因,引入平衡地质剖面与包裹体测温等技术手段对现有断层进行描述和质量的检验、建立正确的地质模型和构造力学模型、应用构造分形的预测小断裂系统的分布概率等新思路。然后,在对岩芯观察和室内试验的基础上,系统研究了户部寨气田裂缝定性和定量参数,为定量预测裂缝分布提供了基础;在裂缝定量描述、构造发育演化史、地质模型和力学模型建立的基础上,应用三维有限元数值模拟方法对ES_4段构造裂缝的分布进行了定量预测;应用概率统计方法,通过构造物理模拟、试验分析的运用和验证研究裂缝渗流网络特征;应用平衡地质剖面方法研究构造演化特征及组合模式分析,进一步应用构造分形方法预测小断层分布概率,建立储层裂缝三维预测模型、小断裂系预测模型和裂缝网络模型,达到精确预测复杂断块裂缝的分布规律及裂缝形成动态变化规律。
通过以上的研究,对复杂断块低渗致密砂岩气藏裂缝研究理论、研究思路、应用技术和方法等方面取得“两个创新、两个突破”:(1) 首次以伸展构造理论为基本依据,根据断裂的分形分布特征,用分形几何方法对目前资料尚无法识别的小断裂系数量分布特征进行了定量预测,提出了天然气藏裂缝渗流系统和中小断裂系为渗流双通道的新观点;(2) 首次提出了从裂缝系统、天然裂缝渗流网络系统、断裂系统及地应力场在开发应用中的分析四方面有机配合来综合评价和研究复杂断块致密砂岩气藏裂缝研究新思路;(3) 在裂缝与小断裂系相结合的双通道系统研究、以裂缝参数预测与裂缝渗流网络系统改造相结合的系列技术与方法方面取得了突破;(4) 针对多组系裂缝的发育特点,在对天然裂缝渗流网络数值模拟的基础上,对裂缝渗流体系的改造进行了构造物理模拟和数值模拟分析,在对裂缝形成动态变化规律预测方面取得突破,为气藏井网优化、改造和提高采收率提供了地质理论依据。
In our country, intrinsic fracture is growing to different extent in low-permeability tight layer. Whether the fractures exist plays an important control role on well productivity. At present, because of complicated distribution, the development effect of such hydrocarbon is poor. Especially in the east of our country fault block is small, in addition to the fractures, there are small faults for good measure, which adds the difficulty in developing oil-gas field and brings forward a new problem for development geology. On the basis of former correlation study, this paper takes Hubuzai oil field for a representative example, traverses the research approach of distribution rules and modeling in low-permeability tight sandstone layer.This paper firstly analyzes fracture cause of Hubuzai gas field, and inducts equilibrium geologic section and inclusion temperature measurement etc to describe fault in existence and check its quality, then sets up proper geologic model and structural mechanics model, and the new thought that predicts distribution probability of small fault system by structural fractal theory. On the basis of observation on cores and indoor experiment, study the qualitative and quantitative parameters by the numbers of Hubuzai gas field, provides a reference for quantitative prediction the fracture distribution. After quantitative description of fracture and evolvement history of structure, and establishment of geologic model and mechanics model, carries out quantitative prediction on the distribution of structural fracture of ES4 section by three-dimension finite element numerical simulation method. On the basis of physical simulation of structure, exertion and verification of experimental analysis, this paper studies the network characteristic of fracture seepage. It also Studies the characteristic of structural evolution and analyzes the combined mode by equilibrium geologic section method, and more predicts distribution probability of small fault system by structural fractal theory, and sets up three-dimension prediction model of fracture, prediction model of small fracture system and network model of fracture, so accurately predicts distribution rules of complex fault block and dynamic change rules of fracture formation.From above researches, some harvests are got in research theory, research
thought, and applied technology and method, summarized as "two innovations and two breakthroughs" as follows:1) On the basis of extensional tectonics theory, according to the characteristics of fracture fractal distribution, firstly conduct quantitative prediction of quantity distribution characteristics of small fracture system beyond of identification now by means of fractal geometry theory. Then present the new viewpoint that fracture seepage system of natural gas reservoir and that of medium or small fault have two channels when fluid flows through porous medium.2) This paper firstly present the new thought that appraise and research synthetically the fracture of complex fault block tight sandstone gas reservoir cooperated with four aspects such as fracture system, natural fracture seepage network system, fault system, and analysis of earth stress field applied in development.3) This paper has made breakthroughs in the research of dual-channel system, i. e. fracture system and small fault system, and the series of technologies and methods combined fracture parameters prediction and fracture seepage network system.4) Aimed at growth characteristics of multicomponent fracture, on the basis of numerical simulation on natural fracture seepage network system, conduct structural physical simulation and numerical simulation on alteration of fracture seepage system. This paper has made breakthroughs in predicting dynamic variation rules of fracture, and provides geological theory reference for pattern optimization and reconstruct, and IOR.
本文首先分析了户部寨气田裂缝成因,引入平衡地质剖面与包裹体测温等技术手段对现有断层进行描述和质量的检验、建立正确的地质模型和构造力学模型、应用构造分形的预测小断裂系统的分布概率等新思路。然后,在对岩芯观察和室内试验的基础上,系统研究了户部寨气田裂缝定性和定量参数,为定量预测裂缝分布提供了基础;在裂缝定量描述、构造发育演化史、地质模型和力学模型建立的基础上,应用三维有限元数值模拟方法对ES_4段构造裂缝的分布进行了定量预测;应用概率统计方法,通过构造物理模拟、试验分析的运用和验证研究裂缝渗流网络特征;应用平衡地质剖面方法研究构造演化特征及组合模式分析,进一步应用构造分形方法预测小断层分布概率,建立储层裂缝三维预测模型、小断裂系预测模型和裂缝网络模型,达到精确预测复杂断块裂缝的分布规律及裂缝形成动态变化规律。
通过以上的研究,对复杂断块低渗致密砂岩气藏裂缝研究理论、研究思路、应用技术和方法等方面取得“两个创新、两个突破”:(1) 首次以伸展构造理论为基本依据,根据断裂的分形分布特征,用分形几何方法对目前资料尚无法识别的小断裂系数量分布特征进行了定量预测,提出了天然气藏裂缝渗流系统和中小断裂系为渗流双通道的新观点;(2) 首次提出了从裂缝系统、天然裂缝渗流网络系统、断裂系统及地应力场在开发应用中的分析四方面有机配合来综合评价和研究复杂断块致密砂岩气藏裂缝研究新思路;(3) 在裂缝与小断裂系相结合的双通道系统研究、以裂缝参数预测与裂缝渗流网络系统改造相结合的系列技术与方法方面取得了突破;(4) 针对多组系裂缝的发育特点,在对天然裂缝渗流网络数值模拟的基础上,对裂缝渗流体系的改造进行了构造物理模拟和数值模拟分析,在对裂缝形成动态变化规律预测方面取得突破,为气藏井网优化、改造和提高采收率提供了地质理论依据。
In our country, intrinsic fracture is growing to different extent in low-permeability tight layer. Whether the fractures exist plays an important control role on well productivity. At present, because of complicated distribution, the development effect of such hydrocarbon is poor. Especially in the east of our country fault block is small, in addition to the fractures, there are small faults for good measure, which adds the difficulty in developing oil-gas field and brings forward a new problem for development geology. On the basis of former correlation study, this paper takes Hubuzai oil field for a representative example, traverses the research approach of distribution rules and modeling in low-permeability tight sandstone layer.This paper firstly analyzes fracture cause of Hubuzai gas field, and inducts equilibrium geologic section and inclusion temperature measurement etc to describe fault in existence and check its quality, then sets up proper geologic model and structural mechanics model, and the new thought that predicts distribution probability of small fault system by structural fractal theory. On the basis of observation on cores and indoor experiment, study the qualitative and quantitative parameters by the numbers of Hubuzai gas field, provides a reference for quantitative prediction the fracture distribution. After quantitative description of fracture and evolvement history of structure, and establishment of geologic model and mechanics model, carries out quantitative prediction on the distribution of structural fracture of ES4 section by three-dimension finite element numerical simulation method. On the basis of physical simulation of structure, exertion and verification of experimental analysis, this paper studies the network characteristic of fracture seepage. It also Studies the characteristic of structural evolution and analyzes the combined mode by equilibrium geologic section method, and more predicts distribution probability of small fault system by structural fractal theory, and sets up three-dimension prediction model of fracture, prediction model of small fracture system and network model of fracture, so accurately predicts distribution rules of complex fault block and dynamic change rules of fracture formation.From above researches, some harvests are got in research theory, research
thought, and applied technology and method, summarized as "two innovations and two breakthroughs" as follows:1) On the basis of extensional tectonics theory, according to the characteristics of fracture fractal distribution, firstly conduct quantitative prediction of quantity distribution characteristics of small fracture system beyond of identification now by means of fractal geometry theory. Then present the new viewpoint that fracture seepage system of natural gas reservoir and that of medium or small fault have two channels when fluid flows through porous medium.2) This paper firstly present the new thought that appraise and research synthetically the fracture of complex fault block tight sandstone gas reservoir cooperated with four aspects such as fracture system, natural fracture seepage network system, fault system, and analysis of earth stress field applied in development.3) This paper has made breakthroughs in the research of dual-channel system, i. e. fracture system and small fault system, and the series of technologies and methods combined fracture parameters prediction and fracture seepage network system.4) Aimed at growth characteristics of multicomponent fracture, on the basis of numerical simulation on natural fracture seepage network system, conduct structural physical simulation and numerical simulation on alteration of fracture seepage system. This paper has made breakthroughs in predicting dynamic variation rules of fracture, and provides geological theory reference for pattern optimization and reconstruct, and IOR.
引文
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