发动机—发电机系统轴系机电耦合动力学研究
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摘要
发动机—发电机系统广泛应用于混合动力车辆、工程机械和柴油发电机组,其振动问题一直是影响动力装置的工作可靠稳定性和噪声控制的主要因素之一。
在实际运行过程中,发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励,气体爆发压力,活塞连杆往复惯性力和自激惯性激励等的联合作用,不仅产生复杂的非线性振动现象,还存在着复杂的机电耦合关系。为了全面研究发动机—发电机系统轴系的动态性能,分析轴系的耦合振动问题,有必要将发动机和发电机作为一个系统进行研究。本文的研究目的就是根据轴系的结构特点,从机电耦合的角度,研究发动机—发电机系统轴系在各种内部激励和外部激励作用下的动力特性和振动规律,为系统的设计、优化以及减噪等提供更符合实际的理论依据。主要内容包括：
利用有限单元法建立发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性机电耦合动力学模型。首先,根据发动机曲轴系统的结构特点,将轴系简化为质量沿轴线连续分布的阶梯轴分布参数力学模型,在综合考虑曲轴扭振轴和横振的基础上,建立曲轴单元运动微分方程；其次,以发电机转子振动位移为节点位移,考虑发电机转子振动偏心时不均匀气隙磁场能量变化,建立发电机单元；最后,在这两个单元的基础上,基于有限元法建立发动机—发电机系统轴系的非线性动态模型。该非线性运动微分方程揭示了发动机—发电机系统轴系结构参数、电磁参数与其动态性能之间的关系,为进一步研究轴系的电磁参数、结构参数与其动态性能之间的内在联系奠定基础。
利用多尺度法研究发动机—发电机发动机—发电机系统轴系发生参、强的共振条件及其耦合机理。研究结果表明：发动机—发电机系统轴系存在电磁参数激励和外激励；系统产生非线性参激振动的主要原因是发动机—发电机系统轴系受到非线性的电磁参数激励；在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、往复惯性力和自激惯性激励联合作用下系统将产生参激振动和强迫振动相耦合的现象。
利用多尺度法对发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性动态方程进行求解,得到发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性动态方程的一次近似解。某具体在相同的工作状态和条件下,其仿真计算结果和试验测试结果基本一致,这说明轴系机电耦合动态模型及计算是正确、可靠的。
研究了发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、往复惯性力和自激惯性力作用下的主共振、次谐共振、组合共振、超谐共振和多重共振的条件,和具体频率因子和条件下的共振分析以及系统运动稳定性等问题。
采用多尺度法系统地研究发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、运动组件往复惯性力和自激惯性力作用下的主共振、次谐共振、组合共振、超谐共振和多重共振的条件；系统在电磁参数激励作用下的主共振和次谐共振；在自激惯性力、往复惯性力和气体爆发压力共同作用下的组合共振；在自激惯性力作用下的超谐共振；以及在电磁参数激励、往复惯性力和自激惯性力共同作用下的多重共振及其运动稳定性问题。
利用能有效测试发动机—发电机系统轴系动态响应的动力装置,在广西玉柴进行相关的试验研究,验证本文理论研究的正确性。
As the main power source in hybrid devices, engine-genetator system is widely used in hybrid vehicles and hybrid driven construction machineries. The shaft system of engine-genetator withstands the impacts of complex alternating shock loads and strong electromagnetic field at work, so the reliable stability and noise control of hybrid device are affected by vibration problems of the shaft system.
In the actual running process of hybrid shaft system, the shaft system of engine-genetator is in the combined effects of gas explosion pressure, inertia incentive and electromagnetic incentive, and electromagnetic parameters, mechanical vibration parameters and gas pressure parameters are mutual coupling systematacially. The change of electromagnetic parameters of generator will affect the change of mechanical vibration parameters of shaft system, while the change of mechanical vibration parameters of system will also affect the change of electromagnetic parameters of system, which is a complex electromechanical coupling relation. In order to study comprehensively on the dynamic performances of shaft system in engine-genetator and analyze the electro-mechanical coupling vibration problem of shaft system, a unified model is needed to be built. The purpose of this study was to research the dynamic characteristics and vibration laws of engine-generator shaft system under the coupling effect of engine and electrical system, which was based on the structural characteristics of shaft system and from the point of view of electro-mechanical coupling, and also to provide a detailed theoretical basis for the design, fault diagnosis, vibration and noise control of shaft system. The main contents included:
Using finite element method, the non-linear electro-mechanical coupling dynamic model of engine-generator shaft system was established. Firstly, the shaft system was simplified to the mechanical model of quality continuous distribution along the ladder axis according to the structural characteristics of engine crank shaft system, and the crank shaft unit was built based on the complex of motion differential equations of torsional vibration axis unit and transverse vibration beam unit of crank system. Secondly, according to the electro-mechanical coupling relation that vibration eccentricity exists in generator rotor in actual operation state, the generator air-gap magnetic field energy function was introduced and the generator unit was built. Finally, the dynamic equation of non-linear electro-mechanical coupling of engine-generator shaft system was built by applying finite element method based on the crank shaft unit and generator unit of engine-generator shaft system. The equation providing basis for further study of the intrinsic link between dynamics characteristics of engine-generator shaft system and structural parameters, electromagnetic parameters and gas pressure parameters.
Using multiscale method, the coupling mechanism and occurrence resonance condition of the parametric vibration with the forced vibration of engine-generator shaft system were studied deeply. The results showed that, the nonlinear electromagnetic parametric incentive, inertia incentive and gas explosion pressure existed in engine-generator shaft system. The electromagnetic parametric incentive was generated by the change of magnetic field atmosphere when the generator rotor vibrated eccentricly, which was the main cause of parametric excitation vibration. And the coupling phenonmenon of both the parametric vibration and the forced vibration was generated in the combined effects of electromagnetic parametric incentive, inertia incentive and gas explosion pressure.
Using multiscale method, the nonlinear dynamic equation of engine-generator shaft system was solved and the linear approximate solution was obtained. A simulation calculation was also performed in a specific instance and the corresponding simulation result was obtained too. Comparing the simulation result with experimental result, it was found that they were basically consistent, which showed that the electro-mechanical coupling dynamic model of shaft system built and the calculation were both accurate and reliable.
Using multiscale method, the conditions of primary resonance, subharmonic resonance, superharmonic resonance, combination resonance and multiple resonance of engine-generator shaft system under the actions of electromagnetic incentive, self-inertial incentive and gas external incentive were studied. The subharmonic resonance and primary resonance subjected to the electromagnetic incentive, the superharmonic resonance under the action of inertia incentive, the combination resonance under the actions of inertia incentive with external force, and the multiple resonance under the actions of electromagnetic incentive, self-inertial incentive and gas external incentive and also their motion stability were all studied.
In addition, a related experimental research was performed on a hybrid powertrain test bench in Guangxi Yuchai, to verify the correctness of theoretical studies.
在实际运行过程中,发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励,气体爆发压力,活塞连杆往复惯性力和自激惯性激励等的联合作用,不仅产生复杂的非线性振动现象,还存在着复杂的机电耦合关系。为了全面研究发动机—发电机系统轴系的动态性能,分析轴系的耦合振动问题,有必要将发动机和发电机作为一个系统进行研究。本文的研究目的就是根据轴系的结构特点,从机电耦合的角度,研究发动机—发电机系统轴系在各种内部激励和外部激励作用下的动力特性和振动规律,为系统的设计、优化以及减噪等提供更符合实际的理论依据。主要内容包括：
利用有限单元法建立发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性机电耦合动力学模型。首先,根据发动机曲轴系统的结构特点,将轴系简化为质量沿轴线连续分布的阶梯轴分布参数力学模型,在综合考虑曲轴扭振轴和横振的基础上,建立曲轴单元运动微分方程；其次,以发电机转子振动位移为节点位移,考虑发电机转子振动偏心时不均匀气隙磁场能量变化,建立发电机单元；最后,在这两个单元的基础上,基于有限元法建立发动机—发电机系统轴系的非线性动态模型。该非线性运动微分方程揭示了发动机—发电机系统轴系结构参数、电磁参数与其动态性能之间的关系,为进一步研究轴系的电磁参数、结构参数与其动态性能之间的内在联系奠定基础。
利用多尺度法研究发动机—发电机发动机—发电机系统轴系发生参、强的共振条件及其耦合机理。研究结果表明：发动机—发电机系统轴系存在电磁参数激励和外激励；系统产生非线性参激振动的主要原因是发动机—发电机系统轴系受到非线性的电磁参数激励；在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、往复惯性力和自激惯性激励联合作用下系统将产生参激振动和强迫振动相耦合的现象。
利用多尺度法对发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性动态方程进行求解,得到发动机—发电机系统轴系非线性动态方程的一次近似解。某具体在相同的工作状态和条件下,其仿真计算结果和试验测试结果基本一致,这说明轴系机电耦合动态模型及计算是正确、可靠的。
研究了发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、往复惯性力和自激惯性力作用下的主共振、次谐共振、组合共振、超谐共振和多重共振的条件,和具体频率因子和条件下的共振分析以及系统运动稳定性等问题。
采用多尺度法系统地研究发动机—发电机系统轴系在电磁参数激励、气体爆发压力、运动组件往复惯性力和自激惯性力作用下的主共振、次谐共振、组合共振、超谐共振和多重共振的条件；系统在电磁参数激励作用下的主共振和次谐共振；在自激惯性力、往复惯性力和气体爆发压力共同作用下的组合共振；在自激惯性力作用下的超谐共振；以及在电磁参数激励、往复惯性力和自激惯性力共同作用下的多重共振及其运动稳定性问题。
利用能有效测试发动机—发电机系统轴系动态响应的动力装置,在广西玉柴进行相关的试验研究,验证本文理论研究的正确性。
As the main power source in hybrid devices, engine-genetator system is widely used in hybrid vehicles and hybrid driven construction machineries. The shaft system of engine-genetator withstands the impacts of complex alternating shock loads and strong electromagnetic field at work, so the reliable stability and noise control of hybrid device are affected by vibration problems of the shaft system.
In the actual running process of hybrid shaft system, the shaft system of engine-genetator is in the combined effects of gas explosion pressure, inertia incentive and electromagnetic incentive, and electromagnetic parameters, mechanical vibration parameters and gas pressure parameters are mutual coupling systematacially. The change of electromagnetic parameters of generator will affect the change of mechanical vibration parameters of shaft system, while the change of mechanical vibration parameters of system will also affect the change of electromagnetic parameters of system, which is a complex electromechanical coupling relation. In order to study comprehensively on the dynamic performances of shaft system in engine-genetator and analyze the electro-mechanical coupling vibration problem of shaft system, a unified model is needed to be built. The purpose of this study was to research the dynamic characteristics and vibration laws of engine-generator shaft system under the coupling effect of engine and electrical system, which was based on the structural characteristics of shaft system and from the point of view of electro-mechanical coupling, and also to provide a detailed theoretical basis for the design, fault diagnosis, vibration and noise control of shaft system. The main contents included:
Using finite element method, the non-linear electro-mechanical coupling dynamic model of engine-generator shaft system was established. Firstly, the shaft system was simplified to the mechanical model of quality continuous distribution along the ladder axis according to the structural characteristics of engine crank shaft system, and the crank shaft unit was built based on the complex of motion differential equations of torsional vibration axis unit and transverse vibration beam unit of crank system. Secondly, according to the electro-mechanical coupling relation that vibration eccentricity exists in generator rotor in actual operation state, the generator air-gap magnetic field energy function was introduced and the generator unit was built. Finally, the dynamic equation of non-linear electro-mechanical coupling of engine-generator shaft system was built by applying finite element method based on the crank shaft unit and generator unit of engine-generator shaft system. The equation providing basis for further study of the intrinsic link between dynamics characteristics of engine-generator shaft system and structural parameters, electromagnetic parameters and gas pressure parameters.
Using multiscale method, the coupling mechanism and occurrence resonance condition of the parametric vibration with the forced vibration of engine-generator shaft system were studied deeply. The results showed that, the nonlinear electromagnetic parametric incentive, inertia incentive and gas explosion pressure existed in engine-generator shaft system. The electromagnetic parametric incentive was generated by the change of magnetic field atmosphere when the generator rotor vibrated eccentricly, which was the main cause of parametric excitation vibration. And the coupling phenonmenon of both the parametric vibration and the forced vibration was generated in the combined effects of electromagnetic parametric incentive, inertia incentive and gas explosion pressure.
Using multiscale method, the nonlinear dynamic equation of engine-generator shaft system was solved and the linear approximate solution was obtained. A simulation calculation was also performed in a specific instance and the corresponding simulation result was obtained too. Comparing the simulation result with experimental result, it was found that they were basically consistent, which showed that the electro-mechanical coupling dynamic model of shaft system built and the calculation were both accurate and reliable.
Using multiscale method, the conditions of primary resonance, subharmonic resonance, superharmonic resonance, combination resonance and multiple resonance of engine-generator shaft system under the actions of electromagnetic incentive, self-inertial incentive and gas external incentive were studied. The subharmonic resonance and primary resonance subjected to the electromagnetic incentive, the superharmonic resonance under the action of inertia incentive, the combination resonance under the actions of inertia incentive with external force, and the multiple resonance under the actions of electromagnetic incentive, self-inertial incentive and gas external incentive and also their motion stability were all studied.
In addition, a related experimental research was performed on a hybrid powertrain test bench in Guangxi Yuchai, to verify the correctness of theoretical studies.
引文
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