鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田山西组层序地层、沉积相与储层研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田下二叠统山西组是该气田重要的产气层位之一，储层非均质性强，是典型的致密砂岩气藏。本文以岩心、野外露头、测井和地震资料为基础，结合古生物、薄片、扫描电镜以及常量元素、微量元素和碳氧同位素分析测试等手段，开展了大牛地气田山西组层序地层、沉积相和储层精细评价研究。
有别于前人关于山西组较为宽泛的层序地层划分方案，将其划分为四个三级层序，自下而上分别是SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4。四个层序界面的识别以野外露头不整合面为主要特征，以岩心沉积特征与测井曲线的响应为识别依据，将山西组内部砂砾岩与下伏煤层的突变面作为层序界面。各层序内初次海泛面的识别是露头剖面沉积特征为基础，以岩心沉积特征与测井响应为依据，应用元素地球化学和稳定同位素地球化学分析为识别标准，将相对海平面上升过程中发育的细粒沉积物底界作为初次海泛面，将细粒沉积物顶界的发育的凝缩层作为最大海泛面。四个层序的高位体系域以发育煤层和多个向上变粗的准层序组叠加样式为主要特征。
将山西组地层中的砂砾岩、暗色泥岩和煤层分类进行沉积相研究，识别出了三种沉积相类型：过渡相—辫状河三角洲前缘沉积、海相—滨浅海泥质沉积以及陆相沼泽—煤层沉积。在过渡相-辫状河三角洲前缘亚相中识别出四种微相类型：水下辫状河道、水下辫状河道间、河口坝和席状砂。对比野外露头剖面沉积特征，首次提出四个层序的低位体系域发育四个期次进积型辫状河三角洲沉积；海侵体系域发育四个期次逐渐海退式滨浅海泥质沉积；SQ1、SQ2和SQ3的高位体系域发育陆相沼泽沉积，SQ4高位体系域发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积。
提出控制大牛地气田山西组砂岩储层致密化的地质因素有：进积型的辫状河三角洲前缘沉积特征、压实作用和碳酸盐胶结作用，提出控制优质储层形成的地质因素是与煤层排烃过程有关的溶蚀作用。以四个层序低位体系域沉积微相类型和致密化程度为评价标准，将山西组储层划分为3个类别8个等级。
The Early Permian Shanxi Formation is one of the most important units with high gasproduction in the Dniudi Gas Field, which is a typical of tight sandstone reservoirwith high heterogeneity in Ordos Basin. Based on investigation of cores, outcropsediments, well logs, seismic data, analysis of major elements, trace elements andoxygen isotope in the samples of mudstone, and combined with paleontology, thinsections, scanning electron microscopy, we carried out the study on the sequencestratigraphy, sedimentary facies and reservoir evaluation in the Shanxi Formation.
Different from the division schemes of the sequence stratigraphy proposed byprevious researchers, the Shanxi Formation was divided into four third-ordersequences from base to top as SQ1, SQ2, SQ3and SQ4. The sequence boundaries(SQ) were identified by the planes of unconformity at the outcrop and responses ofthe cores and well logs in the Daniudi Gas Field. We proposed that sequenceboundaries are the erosion surfaces between the transitional sediments with theunderlying coalbed in the Shanxi Formation. Based on investigation of sedimentarycharacteristics changed at the outcrop, responses of cores and well logs, analysis ofgeochemistry of element and stable isotope geochemistry, we proposed that the firstflooding surfaces (FFS) of the four sequences are the bottom boundaries of the muddysediments which deposited during the process of the relative sea-level rise. As well asthe top surface of the muddy sediments were identified as the maximum floodingsurfaces (MFS). The highstand systems tracts (HST) deposits are fine-grainedsediments with an aggradational parasequence or coalbed in the Daniudi Gas Field.
We carried out the study on sedimentary facies with different lithologies asconglomerate, mudstone and coalbed. We identified three types of sedimentary faciesin the Shanxi Formation, such as transitional facies-braided delta front, marinefacies-offshore and swamp facies. We also identified four microfacies includingsubaqueous braided channel, subaqueous interdistributary, mouth bar and sheet bar inthe braided delta front. Comparing with the sedimentary characteristics of theHeidaigou outcrop located in the north of Ordos Basin, we proposed that there were four times of braided delta front sediments which formed a progradation in thelowstand systems trcts (LST) in each sequence in the Daniudi Gas Field. The muddysediments formed the transgressive systems tracts (TST) in each sequence. Thehighstand systems tracts deposits are swamps in the SQ1, SQ2and SQ3and braideddelta front in SQ4.
We proposed that the geological factors which controlled the property of thereservoir in Shanxi Formation include compaction, carbonate cementation and theprogradation of the braided delta. On the other side, the organic acids from the thickcoal made the reservoir with high prosity as well as high gas production. On the basisof research of the controlling factors of reservoir properties, we proposed a newgrading standard of the Shanxi Formation reservoir, and divided it into threecategories with eight levels.
有别于前人关于山西组较为宽泛的层序地层划分方案，将其划分为四个三级层序，自下而上分别是SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4。四个层序界面的识别以野外露头不整合面为主要特征，以岩心沉积特征与测井曲线的响应为识别依据，将山西组内部砂砾岩与下伏煤层的突变面作为层序界面。各层序内初次海泛面的识别是露头剖面沉积特征为基础，以岩心沉积特征与测井响应为依据，应用元素地球化学和稳定同位素地球化学分析为识别标准，将相对海平面上升过程中发育的细粒沉积物底界作为初次海泛面，将细粒沉积物顶界的发育的凝缩层作为最大海泛面。四个层序的高位体系域以发育煤层和多个向上变粗的准层序组叠加样式为主要特征。
将山西组地层中的砂砾岩、暗色泥岩和煤层分类进行沉积相研究，识别出了三种沉积相类型：过渡相—辫状河三角洲前缘沉积、海相—滨浅海泥质沉积以及陆相沼泽—煤层沉积。在过渡相-辫状河三角洲前缘亚相中识别出四种微相类型：水下辫状河道、水下辫状河道间、河口坝和席状砂。对比野外露头剖面沉积特征，首次提出四个层序的低位体系域发育四个期次进积型辫状河三角洲沉积；海侵体系域发育四个期次逐渐海退式滨浅海泥质沉积；SQ1、SQ2和SQ3的高位体系域发育陆相沼泽沉积，SQ4高位体系域发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积。
提出控制大牛地气田山西组砂岩储层致密化的地质因素有：进积型的辫状河三角洲前缘沉积特征、压实作用和碳酸盐胶结作用，提出控制优质储层形成的地质因素是与煤层排烃过程有关的溶蚀作用。以四个层序低位体系域沉积微相类型和致密化程度为评价标准，将山西组储层划分为3个类别8个等级。
The Early Permian Shanxi Formation is one of the most important units with high gasproduction in the Dniudi Gas Field, which is a typical of tight sandstone reservoirwith high heterogeneity in Ordos Basin. Based on investigation of cores, outcropsediments, well logs, seismic data, analysis of major elements, trace elements andoxygen isotope in the samples of mudstone, and combined with paleontology, thinsections, scanning electron microscopy, we carried out the study on the sequencestratigraphy, sedimentary facies and reservoir evaluation in the Shanxi Formation.
Different from the division schemes of the sequence stratigraphy proposed byprevious researchers, the Shanxi Formation was divided into four third-ordersequences from base to top as SQ1, SQ2, SQ3and SQ4. The sequence boundaries(SQ) were identified by the planes of unconformity at the outcrop and responses ofthe cores and well logs in the Daniudi Gas Field. We proposed that sequenceboundaries are the erosion surfaces between the transitional sediments with theunderlying coalbed in the Shanxi Formation. Based on investigation of sedimentarycharacteristics changed at the outcrop, responses of cores and well logs, analysis ofgeochemistry of element and stable isotope geochemistry, we proposed that the firstflooding surfaces (FFS) of the four sequences are the bottom boundaries of the muddysediments which deposited during the process of the relative sea-level rise. As well asthe top surface of the muddy sediments were identified as the maximum floodingsurfaces (MFS). The highstand systems tracts (HST) deposits are fine-grainedsediments with an aggradational parasequence or coalbed in the Daniudi Gas Field.
We carried out the study on sedimentary facies with different lithologies asconglomerate, mudstone and coalbed. We identified three types of sedimentary faciesin the Shanxi Formation, such as transitional facies-braided delta front, marinefacies-offshore and swamp facies. We also identified four microfacies includingsubaqueous braided channel, subaqueous interdistributary, mouth bar and sheet bar inthe braided delta front. Comparing with the sedimentary characteristics of theHeidaigou outcrop located in the north of Ordos Basin, we proposed that there were four times of braided delta front sediments which formed a progradation in thelowstand systems trcts (LST) in each sequence in the Daniudi Gas Field. The muddysediments formed the transgressive systems tracts (TST) in each sequence. Thehighstand systems tracts deposits are swamps in the SQ1, SQ2and SQ3and braideddelta front in SQ4.
We proposed that the geological factors which controlled the property of thereservoir in Shanxi Formation include compaction, carbonate cementation and theprogradation of the braided delta. On the other side, the organic acids from the thickcoal made the reservoir with high prosity as well as high gas production. On the basisof research of the controlling factors of reservoir properties, we proposed a newgrading standard of the Shanxi Formation reservoir, and divided it into threecategories with eight levels.
引文
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