便携式围护结构含水率测试仪的研究
摘要
由于建筑围护结构保温性能关系到其节能效果,所以在交付使用前需要现场检测。含水率是影响热工性能的一个重要参数,准确测试出墙体沿深度方向的含水率分布,将为建筑围护结构保温性能检测提供重要的参数。
本论文结合围护结构的特点,采用了平面电容式传感器作为含水率的检测部件。平面电容传感器克服了传统检测方法的不足,使围护结构含水率检测可以在大面积范围内进行。同时,结合层析算法,实现了含水率沿墙体深度方向的检测,得到了输出电压与含水率大小的关系式。
为了方便电容的处理,设计了具有小电容、高精度、高抗干扰能力的C/V转换和信号调理电路,把对电容的处理转化为与其成比例的电压的处理。结合仪器使用的便携性,完成了主控制芯片的选型,采用了PHIPLIS公司的ARM7TDMI系列嵌入式控制芯片LPC2210为主控CPU芯片,完成了最小系统、A/D转换电路、串口通讯、键盘接口的设计。同时为增强系统的人机交互性能,系统扩展了液晶显示的功能模块。
软件部分,采用源码公开的嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II作为软件运行平台,完成了μC/OS-II在LPC2210上的移植。并且以ADS1.2为开发工具,编写了数据采集程序、数据处理程序、通讯程序、键盘程序和液晶显示等多任务程序。在μC/OS-II管理下,使任务协调工作,实现了数据的采集、处理和显示。为增强系统的抗干扰能力,本文采用了平滑滤波算法,使数据更加可靠。
Since the thermal insulation property of building envelope has intimate relations with its energy saving performance, it is essential to have field detection before delivery. The moisture content is an important parameter which has an influence on thermal performance. So it will provide important parameters for thermal insulation property of building envelope, by accurately measuring the moisture content distribution in depth direction of wall.
In this paper, based on the properties of building envelope, we taked the planar capacitive sensor as the testing component of the moisture content. The planar capacitive sensor, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional mathod in moisture content checking, so as to detect in a larger scale. Meanwhile, we has been realized the detection of moisture along the direction of depth of the wall, with the chromatography algorithm, and we could infer the relationship between the output voltage and the moisture content.
To facilitate the processing of capacity, we designed the C/V transform and signal conditioning circuit. This circuit, having the smaller capacity, high accuracy, and high anti-jamming property, which convert the capacity to voltage that is proportional to the capacity. In order to design a portable instrument, LPC2210 which belonged to the series of PHIPLIS’s ARM7TDMI embedded chip was adopted as key controlled CPU. Then we designed the little system, the conversion circuit of A/D, the serial communication circuit, and the keyboard interfaces circuit. In addition,for the purpose of improving the mutual performance between human and machine, the LCD function was extended to the system.
On the aspect of software, this paper uses open-source embedded operating systemμC/OS-II as a software platform, achieves the transplant fromμC/OS-II to LPC2210. Besides, taking ADS1.2 as the development kit , we programed the data processing task, data collecting task, communication task, keyboard task and display task. By the management ofμC/OS-II , tasks coordinates with each other. Finally, we finished the functions of data collecting, processing and displaying. Besides, this paper employed smoothing filter algorithm to enhance the apparatus’ant-jamming capability, and to make the data more reliable.
本论文结合围护结构的特点,采用了平面电容式传感器作为含水率的检测部件。平面电容传感器克服了传统检测方法的不足,使围护结构含水率检测可以在大面积范围内进行。同时,结合层析算法,实现了含水率沿墙体深度方向的检测,得到了输出电压与含水率大小的关系式。
为了方便电容的处理,设计了具有小电容、高精度、高抗干扰能力的C/V转换和信号调理电路,把对电容的处理转化为与其成比例的电压的处理。结合仪器使用的便携性,完成了主控制芯片的选型,采用了PHIPLIS公司的ARM7TDMI系列嵌入式控制芯片LPC2210为主控CPU芯片,完成了最小系统、A/D转换电路、串口通讯、键盘接口的设计。同时为增强系统的人机交互性能,系统扩展了液晶显示的功能模块。
软件部分,采用源码公开的嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II作为软件运行平台,完成了μC/OS-II在LPC2210上的移植。并且以ADS1.2为开发工具,编写了数据采集程序、数据处理程序、通讯程序、键盘程序和液晶显示等多任务程序。在μC/OS-II管理下,使任务协调工作,实现了数据的采集、处理和显示。为增强系统的抗干扰能力,本文采用了平滑滤波算法,使数据更加可靠。
Since the thermal insulation property of building envelope has intimate relations with its energy saving performance, it is essential to have field detection before delivery. The moisture content is an important parameter which has an influence on thermal performance. So it will provide important parameters for thermal insulation property of building envelope, by accurately measuring the moisture content distribution in depth direction of wall.
In this paper, based on the properties of building envelope, we taked the planar capacitive sensor as the testing component of the moisture content. The planar capacitive sensor, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional mathod in moisture content checking, so as to detect in a larger scale. Meanwhile, we has been realized the detection of moisture along the direction of depth of the wall, with the chromatography algorithm, and we could infer the relationship between the output voltage and the moisture content.
To facilitate the processing of capacity, we designed the C/V transform and signal conditioning circuit. This circuit, having the smaller capacity, high accuracy, and high anti-jamming property, which convert the capacity to voltage that is proportional to the capacity. In order to design a portable instrument, LPC2210 which belonged to the series of PHIPLIS’s ARM7TDMI embedded chip was adopted as key controlled CPU. Then we designed the little system, the conversion circuit of A/D, the serial communication circuit, and the keyboard interfaces circuit. In addition,for the purpose of improving the mutual performance between human and machine, the LCD function was extended to the system.
On the aspect of software, this paper uses open-source embedded operating systemμC/OS-II as a software platform, achieves the transplant fromμC/OS-II to LPC2210. Besides, taking ADS1.2 as the development kit , we programed the data processing task, data collecting task, communication task, keyboard task and display task. By the management ofμC/OS-II , tasks coordinates with each other. Finally, we finished the functions of data collecting, processing and displaying. Besides, this paper employed smoothing filter algorithm to enhance the apparatus’ant-jamming capability, and to make the data more reliable.
引文
[1]张长森.环保型外墙保温砂浆的性能影响因素分析[C].中国硅酸盐学会.中国硅酸盐学会房建材料分会2006年学术年会,中国北京,2006:308-312.
[2]穆传仁,蔡忠艳.我国严寒地区新建住宅节能问题初探[J].施工技术, 2000,29(7):1-3.
[3]中华人民共和国建设部.关于发展节能省地型住宅和公共建设的指导意见[EB/OL].2005,5,31.http://www.shghj.gov.cn/News_Show.aspx?id=6166.
[4] Sun Y Ma D,Schulze Lammers P,Schmittmann O Rose M.On-the-go measurement of soil water content and mechanical tesistance by a combined horizontal penetrometer [J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,86:209-217.
[5] Gardner C M K, Dean T J,Cooper J D.Soil Water Content Measuerment with a High-Frequency Capacitance Sensor [J].Soil&Tillage Research,1998,71:395-403.
[6] Robinson D A,Gardener C M K,Cooper J D.Measuerment of relative permittivity in sandy soils using TDR,capacitance and theta probes [J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,223(7):198-211.
[7] Gaskin G.J,Miller J D.Measuerment of soil water content using a simplifiled impedance measuring technique [J].Sensors and Actuators,1996,63(12):153-160.
[8]李赟.平面电容式屋面渗漏检测仪的研制[D].郑州:郑州大学,2005:6-8.
[9]肖锋钢,何金田.屋顶渗漏检测中平面电容器的研究[J].建筑技术开发, 2005, 32(10):128-130.
[10]姜宇,刘九庆,杨国辉.微波测量木材湿度的原理及应用[J].林业机械与木工设备,2004,32(12):44-48.
[11]蒋国良,邹彩虹,胡建东等.边缘电场土壤水分传感技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(1):87-90.
[12]李万全.变压器绝缘纸板干燥过程微水分检测机理与试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006:39-42.
[13]刘海青,许锦峰,姚恩涛等.基于电容式传感器的建筑围护结构含水率测试[J].传感器与微系统,2008,27(7):201-203.
[14]贺敬之.极板放在同一平面上的电容敏感器件的研制[J].传感器技术,2008,5:9-11.
[15]戴恒震,孙宝元.一种检测绝缘纸板微水分的电容式传感器[J].传感器技术,2001,20(10):45-47.
[16]戴恒震,孙宝元,李万全.电容大测深绝缘纸板微水分测量传感器[J].传感器技术,2007,10:1-3.
[17] ZARETSKYMC,MOUA YADL.MELETJ T.Continuu properties from interdigital electrode dielectrometry [J].IEEE Tansancttions on Electrical Insulation,1998,23 (12):897-917.
[18] Tsamis E D,Avaritsiotis J N.Design of planar capacitive type sensor for“water content”[J].Sensors and Actuators,2005,(118):202-211.
[19]刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用[M].(第四版).北京:国防科技大学出版社,2002:90-94.
[20]张钟陵.用实验方法确定新型墙体材料切砖的安全含水率[J].建筑砖块与砌块建筑,2004,(3):21～23.
[21]杨道业,周宾等.厚管壁电容层析成像图像重建算法[J].东南大学学报, 2007,37(3):451-456.
[22]闫润生,刘石.电容层析成像算法的比较[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4): 619-620.
[23]李万全,孙宝元,戴恒震.变压器绝缘纸板微水分测量试验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(4):566-569.
[24]李潇潇.变压器绝缘纸板微水分在线监测系统的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005:25-27.
[25]彭黎辉,张宝芬,姚丹亚,高丽.重新评价基于充放电原理的微电容测量电路[J].计量学报,1998,19(4);304-310.
[26]章真.基于ARM7的动态配料供给控制系统的开发[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007:30-32.
[27] PHILIPS单片16/32位微控制器LPC2294[EB/OL]. http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[28]王国华,王鸿麟等.便携电子设备电源管理技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,1:23-25.
[29]孙秋野,孙凯,冯健.ARM嵌入式系统开发典型模块[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:17-18.
[30]周立功等.ARM与嵌入式系统基础实验教程[M].广州:广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2004:327-328.
[31] Test Technology Standards Committee.IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture [EB/OL].2002,5.http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[32] JTAG Interface for RDI Debuggers for ARM7/ARM9 BDI2000 User Manual 2001[EB/OL].2003,5.[2008,8,20] .http://www.arm.com.
[33]朱贺飞,陆超,周晓方,闵昊等.针对嵌入式系统的存储器管理单元设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(1);96-99.
[34] ANDREA O,PIERO D.Reliability of erasing operation in NOR-Flash memories[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2005,45:1094-1108.
[35]江小玲.嵌入式系统设计中FLASH存储器的应用[J].科技创新导报,2007,34(5):28-29.
[36] T6963C,TOSHIBA CMOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic. [EB/OL].2001,5.[2008,8,20] .http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[37]陈荷燕,王惠南.ARM7TDMI微处理器和液晶显示模块的接口及应用[J].现代电子技术,2006,4:86-89.
[38] Sipex Corporation , SP3223E +3.0V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers [EB/OL].2005,5.[2008,8,20] .2000.http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[39]柯南.非常电路图设计Protel99之PCB[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000:196-199.
[40] LIU M A.Real-time analysis of embedded CNC system based on uCOS-II [J].Computer Engineering,2006,20(12):222-224.
[41]黄燕平.μC/OS-II ARM移植要点详解[J].中国水运,2005,13(6):33-49.
[42]王秀丽.μC/OS-II操作系统在ARM处理器上的移植[J].计算机技术与发展.2007,10(1):213-215.
[43]陈达军.μC/OS-II及其在ARM微处理器上的移植与应用[J].南京气象学院学报,2007,9(2):270-273.
[44] BATEL E A.Real-time embedded system [J].Computing&Control Engineering journal,2007:57(4),154-156.
[45] JEAN J L.Microc/OS-II [M].CMP Books,2002:201-206.
[46] GAO C Y.Designs of network interface for ARM network program for bootloader and their test methods[J].Changchun: Journal of Electron Devices, 2006:519-523.
[47] PETER TW. Embedded system technologies [J].ABB Review,2006,15 (11): 44-47.
[48]赵星寒.ARM开发工具ADS原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:1-16.
[49]李备,彭楚武.μC/OS-II移植中的硬件抽象层构建技术[J].嵌入式系统,2004,8(6):93-95.
[50]张勇.C/C++语言硬件程序设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008:230-235
[2]穆传仁,蔡忠艳.我国严寒地区新建住宅节能问题初探[J].施工技术, 2000,29(7):1-3.
[3]中华人民共和国建设部.关于发展节能省地型住宅和公共建设的指导意见[EB/OL].2005,5,31.http://www.shghj.gov.cn/News_Show.aspx?id=6166.
[4] Sun Y Ma D,Schulze Lammers P,Schmittmann O Rose M.On-the-go measurement of soil water content and mechanical tesistance by a combined horizontal penetrometer [J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,86:209-217.
[5] Gardner C M K, Dean T J,Cooper J D.Soil Water Content Measuerment with a High-Frequency Capacitance Sensor [J].Soil&Tillage Research,1998,71:395-403.
[6] Robinson D A,Gardener C M K,Cooper J D.Measuerment of relative permittivity in sandy soils using TDR,capacitance and theta probes [J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,223(7):198-211.
[7] Gaskin G.J,Miller J D.Measuerment of soil water content using a simplifiled impedance measuring technique [J].Sensors and Actuators,1996,63(12):153-160.
[8]李赟.平面电容式屋面渗漏检测仪的研制[D].郑州:郑州大学,2005:6-8.
[9]肖锋钢,何金田.屋顶渗漏检测中平面电容器的研究[J].建筑技术开发, 2005, 32(10):128-130.
[10]姜宇,刘九庆,杨国辉.微波测量木材湿度的原理及应用[J].林业机械与木工设备,2004,32(12):44-48.
[11]蒋国良,邹彩虹,胡建东等.边缘电场土壤水分传感技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(1):87-90.
[12]李万全.变压器绝缘纸板干燥过程微水分检测机理与试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006:39-42.
[13]刘海青,许锦峰,姚恩涛等.基于电容式传感器的建筑围护结构含水率测试[J].传感器与微系统,2008,27(7):201-203.
[14]贺敬之.极板放在同一平面上的电容敏感器件的研制[J].传感器技术,2008,5:9-11.
[15]戴恒震,孙宝元.一种检测绝缘纸板微水分的电容式传感器[J].传感器技术,2001,20(10):45-47.
[16]戴恒震,孙宝元,李万全.电容大测深绝缘纸板微水分测量传感器[J].传感器技术,2007,10:1-3.
[17] ZARETSKYMC,MOUA YADL.MELETJ T.Continuu properties from interdigital electrode dielectrometry [J].IEEE Tansancttions on Electrical Insulation,1998,23 (12):897-917.
[18] Tsamis E D,Avaritsiotis J N.Design of planar capacitive type sensor for“water content”[J].Sensors and Actuators,2005,(118):202-211.
[19]刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用[M].(第四版).北京:国防科技大学出版社,2002:90-94.
[20]张钟陵.用实验方法确定新型墙体材料切砖的安全含水率[J].建筑砖块与砌块建筑,2004,(3):21～23.
[21]杨道业,周宾等.厚管壁电容层析成像图像重建算法[J].东南大学学报, 2007,37(3):451-456.
[22]闫润生,刘石.电容层析成像算法的比较[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4): 619-620.
[23]李万全,孙宝元,戴恒震.变压器绝缘纸板微水分测量试验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(4):566-569.
[24]李潇潇.变压器绝缘纸板微水分在线监测系统的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005:25-27.
[25]彭黎辉,张宝芬,姚丹亚,高丽.重新评价基于充放电原理的微电容测量电路[J].计量学报,1998,19(4);304-310.
[26]章真.基于ARM7的动态配料供给控制系统的开发[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007:30-32.
[27] PHILIPS单片16/32位微控制器LPC2294[EB/OL]. http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[28]王国华,王鸿麟等.便携电子设备电源管理技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,1:23-25.
[29]孙秋野,孙凯,冯健.ARM嵌入式系统开发典型模块[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:17-18.
[30]周立功等.ARM与嵌入式系统基础实验教程[M].广州:广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2004:327-328.
[31] Test Technology Standards Committee.IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture [EB/OL].2002,5.http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[32] JTAG Interface for RDI Debuggers for ARM7/ARM9 BDI2000 User Manual 2001[EB/OL].2003,5.[2008,8,20] .http://www.arm.com.
[33]朱贺飞,陆超,周晓方,闵昊等.针对嵌入式系统的存储器管理单元设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(1);96-99.
[34] ANDREA O,PIERO D.Reliability of erasing operation in NOR-Flash memories[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2005,45:1094-1108.
[35]江小玲.嵌入式系统设计中FLASH存储器的应用[J].科技创新导报,2007,34(5):28-29.
[36] T6963C,TOSHIBA CMOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic. [EB/OL].2001,5.[2008,8,20] .http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[37]陈荷燕,王惠南.ARM7TDMI微处理器和液晶显示模块的接口及应用[J].现代电子技术,2006,4:86-89.
[38] Sipex Corporation , SP3223E +3.0V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers [EB/OL].2005,5.[2008,8,20] .2000.http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[39]柯南.非常电路图设计Protel99之PCB[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000:196-199.
[40] LIU M A.Real-time analysis of embedded CNC system based on uCOS-II [J].Computer Engineering,2006,20(12):222-224.
[41]黄燕平.μC/OS-II ARM移植要点详解[J].中国水运,2005,13(6):33-49.
[42]王秀丽.μC/OS-II操作系统在ARM处理器上的移植[J].计算机技术与发展.2007,10(1):213-215.
[43]陈达军.μC/OS-II及其在ARM微处理器上的移植与应用[J].南京气象学院学报,2007,9(2):270-273.
[44] BATEL E A.Real-time embedded system [J].Computing&Control Engineering journal,2007:57(4),154-156.
[45] JEAN J L.Microc/OS-II [M].CMP Books,2002:201-206.
[46] GAO C Y.Designs of network interface for ARM network program for bootloader and their test methods[J].Changchun: Journal of Electron Devices, 2006:519-523.
[47] PETER TW. Embedded system technologies [J].ABB Review,2006,15 (11): 44-47.
[48]赵星寒.ARM开发工具ADS原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:1-16.
[49]李备,彭楚武.μC/OS-II移植中的硬件抽象层构建技术[J].嵌入式系统,2004,8(6):93-95.
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