高致病性禽流感免疫程序的优化及应用
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摘要
高致病性禽流感由A型流感病毒引起的烈性人兽共患传染病,其中H5、H7亚型属于高致病性的强毒株,对养禽业危害最大。该病发病急、传播快、致死率高,给养禽业带来重大损失。本研究从毒株毒型,疫苗筛选,免疫程序研究,综合防治技术措施等进行探讨,从源头开始全面开展研究在全国尚属首次,将有效预防和控制禽流感的发生和流行,促进养殖业健康发展,保障人体健康安全。
1、选用哈兽研维科、青岛易邦、大华农三个厂家禽流感H5亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗,在首免时均显示免疫效果好,在免疫后21d抗体效价达到峰值,根据疫苗效果及我市实际情况选用青岛易邦厂家疫苗作为试验疫苗。
2、雏鸡禽流感母源抗体在3日龄时最高,之后随着日龄的增长抗体效价逐渐下降,至30日龄时抗体基本消失。雏鸭禽流感母源抗体1日龄时最高,3～5日龄抗体效价出现平台期,其后呈逐步下降趋势,30日龄母源抗体已基本消失。
3、筛选出适合本市预防禽流感的免疫程序：家禽首次免疫时间为10日龄；40日龄加强免疫一次；蛋鸡、蛋鸭在120日龄进行三次免疫,以后每隔四个月加强免疫一次。
4、新的制定的免疫程序,在全市推广应用,整体免疫抗体水平2004年为45.1%,2005年为48.9%,2006年为56.7%,2007年为63.8%,2008年为85.2%,2009年全为92.4%。2008年项目成果推广后,全市整体免疫抗体水平有了大幅度增长,达到统计学整体免疫抗体保护要求的80%以上的免疫保护水平,为全市连续三年高致病性禽流感疫情零发生提供了有力的基础保障。
Highly pathogenic avian influenza, which is a spirits zoonosis, is caused by the Influenza virus type A, where H5, H7 subtypes are belong to strong strain of highly pathogenic, it is most harmful to the poultry industry. It is onset rapidly, spread quickly, high mortality, it is bring to poultry rations with significant loss. In this study, we discussed from drug-type strain, vaccine screening, immunization procedure, integrated control, this is the first time to started a comprehensive research from the source in the country, it will effectively prevent and control the occorrence and spread of bird flu, prompting the healthy development of aquaculture, protecting human health and safety.
1.Using poultry influenza subtype H5 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in Weike Biotechnology, Qingdao Yebio Biotechnology and Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Company, the first immunization effective are very good, and antibody titers come to peak value after 21d.According to effective of vaccine and physical truth, we choose vaccine in Qingdao Yebio Biotechnology.
2.Maternal antibodies of chicken bird flu in three days is highest, followed by the growth of age with antibody titers decreased gradually, to 30 days of age antibodies disappeared. Ducklings bird flu maternal antibody on day 1 is the highest,3 to 5 days of antibody titers appears reaching plateau, then gradually decreased, and maternal antibodies have disappeared in 30 days.
3.Screen out the immunity process that fits for preventing the bird flu in the city. The fowl is immunized for the first time when it's 10 days old, the second time when 40 days old to strengthen the immunity, he third time for laying hens and ducks t when 120 days old, and after that it is strengthened the immunity once every 4 months.
4.Development of new immunization programs, promote the use of the city, the overall level of immune antibodies in 2004 was 45.1%,2005 was 48.9%,2006 was 56.7%,2007was 63.8%,2008 was 85.2%,2009 was 92.4%.After the 2008 promoting results of the project The whole city has greatly increased the level of immune antibodies, it reached the level of immune protection that Statistics whole antibody protection requirements more than 80%, In the city for three consecutive years of zero occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza provided a strong basis for protection.
1、选用哈兽研维科、青岛易邦、大华农三个厂家禽流感H5亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗,在首免时均显示免疫效果好,在免疫后21d抗体效价达到峰值,根据疫苗效果及我市实际情况选用青岛易邦厂家疫苗作为试验疫苗。
2、雏鸡禽流感母源抗体在3日龄时最高,之后随着日龄的增长抗体效价逐渐下降,至30日龄时抗体基本消失。雏鸭禽流感母源抗体1日龄时最高,3～5日龄抗体效价出现平台期,其后呈逐步下降趋势,30日龄母源抗体已基本消失。
3、筛选出适合本市预防禽流感的免疫程序：家禽首次免疫时间为10日龄；40日龄加强免疫一次；蛋鸡、蛋鸭在120日龄进行三次免疫,以后每隔四个月加强免疫一次。
4、新的制定的免疫程序,在全市推广应用,整体免疫抗体水平2004年为45.1%,2005年为48.9%,2006年为56.7%,2007年为63.8%,2008年为85.2%,2009年全为92.4%。2008年项目成果推广后,全市整体免疫抗体水平有了大幅度增长,达到统计学整体免疫抗体保护要求的80%以上的免疫保护水平,为全市连续三年高致病性禽流感疫情零发生提供了有力的基础保障。
Highly pathogenic avian influenza, which is a spirits zoonosis, is caused by the Influenza virus type A, where H5, H7 subtypes are belong to strong strain of highly pathogenic, it is most harmful to the poultry industry. It is onset rapidly, spread quickly, high mortality, it is bring to poultry rations with significant loss. In this study, we discussed from drug-type strain, vaccine screening, immunization procedure, integrated control, this is the first time to started a comprehensive research from the source in the country, it will effectively prevent and control the occorrence and spread of bird flu, prompting the healthy development of aquaculture, protecting human health and safety.
1.Using poultry influenza subtype H5 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in Weike Biotechnology, Qingdao Yebio Biotechnology and Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Company, the first immunization effective are very good, and antibody titers come to peak value after 21d.According to effective of vaccine and physical truth, we choose vaccine in Qingdao Yebio Biotechnology.
2.Maternal antibodies of chicken bird flu in three days is highest, followed by the growth of age with antibody titers decreased gradually, to 30 days of age antibodies disappeared. Ducklings bird flu maternal antibody on day 1 is the highest,3 to 5 days of antibody titers appears reaching plateau, then gradually decreased, and maternal antibodies have disappeared in 30 days.
3.Screen out the immunity process that fits for preventing the bird flu in the city. The fowl is immunized for the first time when it's 10 days old, the second time when 40 days old to strengthen the immunity, he third time for laying hens and ducks t when 120 days old, and after that it is strengthened the immunity once every 4 months.
4.Development of new immunization programs, promote the use of the city, the overall level of immune antibodies in 2004 was 45.1%,2005 was 48.9%,2006 was 56.7%,2007was 63.8%,2008 was 85.2%,2009 was 92.4%.After the 2008 promoting results of the project The whole city has greatly increased the level of immune antibodies, it reached the level of immune protection that Statistics whole antibody protection requirements more than 80%, In the city for three consecutive years of zero occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza provided a strong basis for protection.
引文
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[4]闫强,陈明勇.禽流感的特点分析及防控研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(6)：46.
[5]张苏华,刘佩红,周锦萍,等.新型H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸭、鹅及鸽免疫原性研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(6)：401-404.
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[7]田国彬李雁冰,施建忠,等.禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Rel)研究及应用[A].中国畜牧兽医学会禽病学分会第十二次学术研讨会论文集[C],2004,404-407.
[8]Wei H L, Bai G R, Mweene A S, et al.Rapid detectionof avian influenza virus a and subtype H5N1 by singletep multiplex re2 verse t ranscription2polymerase chainreaction[J].Virus Genes, 2006,32(3):261-267.
[9]郑腾,陈枝华.禽流感病毒致病性的分子生物学基础及研究近况[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002(2)：41-431.
[10]牟维东,王永录.禽流感的研究进展[J].中国兽医科技,2004,34(4)：32-371.
[11]Fefuson N M,Galvant A P,Bush R M.Ecological and immunological determinants of influenza evolution[J].Nature,2003,422:428-433.
[12]李明义,范根成,杜元钊,等.禽流感(H5,H9亚型)二价油乳剂灭活苗实验研究[J].中国动物检疫,2005,22(4)：25-27.
[13]Cordihalli S,Sivanandan V,Niagaraja K V,et al.Atype-specific avian influenza virus subunit vaccine for turkeys:induction of Protective immunity to challenge infection[J]. Vacation,1994, 12(15):1467-1472.
[14]Crawford J,Wilkinson B,Vosnesensky A, et al. Baculovirus derived hemagglutinin vaccines protect against lethal influenza infections by action H5 and H7 subtypes[J].Vaccine,1999,17: 2265-2274.
[15]程坚.表达和共表达H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因和鸡Ⅱ型干扰素基因的重组鸡痘病毒[D].扬州：扬州大学.2000.
[16]Oiao C L,Yu K Z,JingY P,et al.Protection of chickens against highly lethal H5N1 and H7N1 avian influenza viruseswith a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing H5hemagglutinin and Nl neuraminidase genes[J].Avian Pathol,2003,32(1):25-32.
[17]Ulmer J B, Donnelly J J, Parker S E, et al. Heterologousprotection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein[J].Science,1993,259:1745-1749.
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