低功耗无线数字水位采集系统的研究
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摘要
水位测量数据是重要的水文检测参数,水位测量的精度及实时性,直接影响到水库防洪安全和发电灌溉等。太原理工大学测控技术研究所研制的感应式数字水位传感器,近年来在水位测量领域得到了广泛的应用,特别是在“引黄入晋”大型水利工程中大量使用,发挥了重要的作用。
感应式数字水位传感器的传统应用需要从监测中心引出电源和信号电缆,由于很多水文监测点处于地广人稀、远离村庄的深山峡谷,自然环境恶劣,布线的成本非常高,而且不便于调试和组网,所以限制了感应式数字水位传感器的应用。本文充分考虑系统低功耗问题,水位检测点用太阳能电池板和蓄电池供电,应用射频无线技术,以感应式数字水位传感器为核心构建了低功耗无线数字水位采集系统,无需布线,扩大了感应式水位传感器的应用范围。
低功耗无线数字水位采集系统应用嵌入式处理技术、射频无线通信技术和计算机技术实现水位数据的远程采集和传输。在本系统中,无线变送器将水位数据以无线通信的方式传送给中央控制电脑,电脑收到水位数据后发送确认信号,并将数据呈现给相关人员。
本文首先提出了系统的总体设计方案。给出了系统的总体结构,介绍了系统的工作原理,选择无线射频通信作为系统的通信方式,阐述了在硬件设计过程中所遵循的原则。
其次,详述了下位机的软硬件实现过程。硬件方面分析了感应式数字水位传感器的技术原理;设计了无线变送器,包括传感器信号调理电路、射频模块电路和微控制器外围电路;简单介绍了无线变送器的抗干扰措施和下位机电源的设计。其中无线变送器的设计是系统硬件设计的重点。在软件设计方面围绕射频通信的模式设置和通信协议作了详细说明。
然后,论文具体介绍了上位机的软硬件设计。硬件部分主要设计了上位机前端设备与中央控制电脑的串行通信接口电路。软件部分简要设计了前端设备的串行通信软件,着重叙述了中央控制电脑管理软件的设计和功能,其中涉及管理软件的实现方法及数据库的开发,展示了管理软件的运行界面。
最后,本文通过实验,测量下位机各个部分的工作电压和电流,计算下位机的功耗,以太原地区为例,分析满足下位机长期可靠工作要求时,蓄电池和太阳能电池板应该具备的条件,在留有充分裕量的基础上,为下位机选择最为经济适用的太阳能电池板和蓄电池。
The data of water level is an important part of hydrological parameters.The accuracy and real-time of the water level measurement directly influences on the reservoir's flood prevention security, irrigation, power generation, and so on. The inductive digital water-level sensor, which is developed by the Institute of Measurement and Control Technology, Taiyuan University of Techonology, has been widely used these years in water level measuring field. Especially in the "Yellow River Diversion Project ", it has been large-scale used, and played an important role.
The application of the inductive digital water-level sensor needs to draw out the signal and power supply cable from the monitor center. Many hydrology monitoring spots are located in the remote valley where is far from the village. The natural environment is awful. The cabling cost is expensive. It is also difficult to debug and make network. These factors limit the application of the inductive digital water-level sensor. Giving full consideration to the system's low-power problem, the design uses the inductive digital water-level sensor to build a low-power consumption wireless digital water level data acquisition system with the help of the RF wireless technology. Powered by solar battery at each measurement spot, the system needs no wiring, so the application scope of the sensor is expanded.
The design of low-power consumption wireless digital water-level data acquisition system is combined with the embedded processing technology, RF wireless technology and computer technology, it realizes the remote data acquisition and transmition for the water level. In this system, wireless transmitter sends water level data to the central control computer by the way of wireless communication. After data being received, the computer sends acknowledgement signal and displays the data to the operators.
The paper firstly gives the overall designing programme and main structure of the system, introduces its working principle, tells the RF wireless communication method, elaborates the principles to follow in hardware design as well.
Secondly, the paper describes the sub-device's software and hardware realizing process in detail. In the hardware section, it analyzes the working theory of the inductive digital water-level sensor; introduces the design of the wireless transmitter, including the sensor's adjusting circuit, RF circuit module and the controller's peripheral circuit; simply introduces the RF transmitter's anti-jamming measures and lower-device power supply. The design of the RF wirless transmitter is the key. In the software section, it elaborates the mode setting and communication protocol for the RF communication.
Thirdly, the paper gives a specific description on the upper-device's software and hardware design. The hardware section mainly refers to the serial communication interface circuit between the upper-device's front-end equipment and the central control computer. The software section briefly states the serial communication software of the front-end equipment, and emphasizes the design and function of the central control computer's management software. It relates to the management software's realizing method and database development, and displays the operation interface.
At last, through experiment, the working voltage and working current are measured, the power consumption of the lower-device is calculated. Taking the Taiyuan area as the example, the paper analyzes the storage battery and solar panel's working condition. Taking full redundancy into consideration, the design chooses the most economical and suitable solar panel and storage battery.
感应式数字水位传感器的传统应用需要从监测中心引出电源和信号电缆,由于很多水文监测点处于地广人稀、远离村庄的深山峡谷,自然环境恶劣,布线的成本非常高,而且不便于调试和组网,所以限制了感应式数字水位传感器的应用。本文充分考虑系统低功耗问题,水位检测点用太阳能电池板和蓄电池供电,应用射频无线技术,以感应式数字水位传感器为核心构建了低功耗无线数字水位采集系统,无需布线,扩大了感应式水位传感器的应用范围。
低功耗无线数字水位采集系统应用嵌入式处理技术、射频无线通信技术和计算机技术实现水位数据的远程采集和传输。在本系统中,无线变送器将水位数据以无线通信的方式传送给中央控制电脑,电脑收到水位数据后发送确认信号,并将数据呈现给相关人员。
本文首先提出了系统的总体设计方案。给出了系统的总体结构,介绍了系统的工作原理,选择无线射频通信作为系统的通信方式,阐述了在硬件设计过程中所遵循的原则。
其次,详述了下位机的软硬件实现过程。硬件方面分析了感应式数字水位传感器的技术原理;设计了无线变送器,包括传感器信号调理电路、射频模块电路和微控制器外围电路;简单介绍了无线变送器的抗干扰措施和下位机电源的设计。其中无线变送器的设计是系统硬件设计的重点。在软件设计方面围绕射频通信的模式设置和通信协议作了详细说明。
然后,论文具体介绍了上位机的软硬件设计。硬件部分主要设计了上位机前端设备与中央控制电脑的串行通信接口电路。软件部分简要设计了前端设备的串行通信软件,着重叙述了中央控制电脑管理软件的设计和功能,其中涉及管理软件的实现方法及数据库的开发,展示了管理软件的运行界面。
最后,本文通过实验,测量下位机各个部分的工作电压和电流,计算下位机的功耗,以太原地区为例,分析满足下位机长期可靠工作要求时,蓄电池和太阳能电池板应该具备的条件,在留有充分裕量的基础上,为下位机选择最为经济适用的太阳能电池板和蓄电池。
The data of water level is an important part of hydrological parameters.The accuracy and real-time of the water level measurement directly influences on the reservoir's flood prevention security, irrigation, power generation, and so on. The inductive digital water-level sensor, which is developed by the Institute of Measurement and Control Technology, Taiyuan University of Techonology, has been widely used these years in water level measuring field. Especially in the "Yellow River Diversion Project ", it has been large-scale used, and played an important role.
The application of the inductive digital water-level sensor needs to draw out the signal and power supply cable from the monitor center. Many hydrology monitoring spots are located in the remote valley where is far from the village. The natural environment is awful. The cabling cost is expensive. It is also difficult to debug and make network. These factors limit the application of the inductive digital water-level sensor. Giving full consideration to the system's low-power problem, the design uses the inductive digital water-level sensor to build a low-power consumption wireless digital water level data acquisition system with the help of the RF wireless technology. Powered by solar battery at each measurement spot, the system needs no wiring, so the application scope of the sensor is expanded.
The design of low-power consumption wireless digital water-level data acquisition system is combined with the embedded processing technology, RF wireless technology and computer technology, it realizes the remote data acquisition and transmition for the water level. In this system, wireless transmitter sends water level data to the central control computer by the way of wireless communication. After data being received, the computer sends acknowledgement signal and displays the data to the operators.
The paper firstly gives the overall designing programme and main structure of the system, introduces its working principle, tells the RF wireless communication method, elaborates the principles to follow in hardware design as well.
Secondly, the paper describes the sub-device's software and hardware realizing process in detail. In the hardware section, it analyzes the working theory of the inductive digital water-level sensor; introduces the design of the wireless transmitter, including the sensor's adjusting circuit, RF circuit module and the controller's peripheral circuit; simply introduces the RF transmitter's anti-jamming measures and lower-device power supply. The design of the RF wirless transmitter is the key. In the software section, it elaborates the mode setting and communication protocol for the RF communication.
Thirdly, the paper gives a specific description on the upper-device's software and hardware design. The hardware section mainly refers to the serial communication interface circuit between the upper-device's front-end equipment and the central control computer. The software section briefly states the serial communication software of the front-end equipment, and emphasizes the design and function of the central control computer's management software. It relates to the management software's realizing method and database development, and displays the operation interface.
At last, through experiment, the working voltage and working current are measured, the power consumption of the lower-device is calculated. Taking the Taiyuan area as the example, the paper analyzes the storage battery and solar panel's working condition. Taking full redundancy into consideration, the design chooses the most economical and suitable solar panel and storage battery.
引文
【1】 Brent A.Miller,Chatschik Bisdikian著,侯春萍,宋梅等译,《蓝牙核心技术》,北京,机械工业出版社,2001
【2】 郭清,王兴泽.超声波水位测量系统.东北水利水电,1999,第二期(共175期),37-38
【3】 李丽宏,谢克明.液位自动检测的现状与发展.太原理工大学学报,2001.7,32(4),417-420
【4】 戴宗瑶.电容式水位传感器及其在地下水动态监测中的应用.地壳变形与地震,1994.5,14(2),82-87
【5】 徐月明,洪树鹏.几种电导式液位传感器控制电路.测控技术,1998,17(1),49-50
【6】 马福昌.感应式数字水位传感器及其系统.水利学报第29届国际水利学大会专辑,2001,09:38-42
【7】 马福昌.感应式数字水位数据采集及其系统研究.中国水利学2003学术会议论文集,501-506
【8】 Ma Fuchang.Study on Water-level Monitoring System for Mining Industry.ICEM' 2001,Conference proceedings of the Fifth international conference on electronic measurement&instruments,169-172
【9】马福昌,秦建敏,王才.感应式数字水位传感器及其系统.水利学报,2001增刊,35-37
【10】刘琰,李辉,顾亮,《射频识别技术软硬件系统研制》,电子技术,2002年第3期,23-25
【11】魏小龙,《MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
【12】胡大可,《MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
【13】胡大可,《MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
【14】夏路易,石宗义,《电路原理与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE》,北京,北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
【15】何立民,《低功耗单片微机系统设计》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1994.4
【16】Klaus Finkenzeller(德),陈大才编译,《射频识别技术:无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用》,北京,电子工业出版社,2001
【17】433MHz Single Chip RF Transceiver nRF905.Rev1.6.Nordic VLSI ASA.2002
【18】nRF905数据手册,讯通科技,2002
【19】陈邦媛,《射频通信电路》,北京,科学出版社,2002
【20】陶涛,《射频技术在无线通信领域的应用》,通信信息报,2004年07期,15-16
【21】ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001,Identification cards-Contact less integrated circuits cards-Proximity cards-Part3:Initialization and anti-collision
【22】Hau L.L.,Seungjin Whang,《Information sharing in supply chain》.International Journal of Technology Management,2000.20:363-387
【23】Ukkonen,Leena,Sydanheimo,Lauri,《A novel tag design using inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification of metailic obojects》,IEEE,2004
【24】Hahnel,Dirk,《Mapping and localization with RFID technology》,IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004
【25】Pentila Katariina,《Performance development of a high-speed automatic object identification using passive RFID technology》,IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004.
【26】Manapure Shomit S.《A comparative study of radio frequency-based indoor location sensing systems》,IEEE,2004
【27】Gil Held著,粟欣,王艺译.无线数据传输网络:蓝牙、WAP和RAN.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,1-20
【28】李伟,刘若男.无线个人局域网技术的比较.通讯世界,2001.2(总75期),9-11
【29】王承恕.通信网基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999
【30】戚文芽,程时听.无线局域网的现状及发展趋势.电信科学,1996,12(9),18-22
【31】孙利民,李建中,陈渝等,《无线传感器网络》,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
【32】李腊元,李春林,《计算机网络技术》,北京,国防工业出版社,2001
【33】岩垂好欲(日),《信息传输与编码理论》,北京,科学出版社,2002
【34】白晓梅,《非接触控制系统集成电路原理及设计方案》,北京,电子工业出版社,1999.5
【35】Klaus Finkeyzeller,《射频识别(RFID)技术》(第二版),北京,电子工业出版社,2001.6
【36】刘君华,《现代检测技术与检测系统设计》,西安,西安交通大学出版社,1999.4
【37】王福瑞,《单片机测控系统设计大全》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.4
【38】集成电路手册编委会,《中外集成电路简明速查手册TTL、CMOS电路》,北京,电子工业出版社,1999
【39】吕迎春.感应式数字水位传感器稳定性、可靠性的研究.太原理工大学,2005.1
【40】秦建军,山西省文峪河水库水位测报系统的设计和研究.太原理工大学,2002
【41】郭艳峰,吴长建,秦建敏.数据采集仪与PC机通信结束时中断范围现象的解决.微计算机信息,2001,(10)
【42】刘敏,符伟杰,徐国龙.飞来峡水利枢纽大坝安全监测自动化系统的防雷措施.水利水文自动化,2003(2),17-20
【43】李朝青.PC机及单片机数据通信技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
【2】 郭清,王兴泽.超声波水位测量系统.东北水利水电,1999,第二期(共175期),37-38
【3】 李丽宏,谢克明.液位自动检测的现状与发展.太原理工大学学报,2001.7,32(4),417-420
【4】 戴宗瑶.电容式水位传感器及其在地下水动态监测中的应用.地壳变形与地震,1994.5,14(2),82-87
【5】 徐月明,洪树鹏.几种电导式液位传感器控制电路.测控技术,1998,17(1),49-50
【6】 马福昌.感应式数字水位传感器及其系统.水利学报第29届国际水利学大会专辑,2001,09:38-42
【7】 马福昌.感应式数字水位数据采集及其系统研究.中国水利学2003学术会议论文集,501-506
【8】 Ma Fuchang.Study on Water-level Monitoring System for Mining Industry.ICEM' 2001,Conference proceedings of the Fifth international conference on electronic measurement&instruments,169-172
【9】马福昌,秦建敏,王才.感应式数字水位传感器及其系统.水利学报,2001增刊,35-37
【10】刘琰,李辉,顾亮,《射频识别技术软硬件系统研制》,电子技术,2002年第3期,23-25
【11】魏小龙,《MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
【12】胡大可,《MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
【13】胡大可,《MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
【14】夏路易,石宗义,《电路原理与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE》,北京,北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
【15】何立民,《低功耗单片微机系统设计》,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1994.4
【16】Klaus Finkenzeller(德),陈大才编译,《射频识别技术:无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用》,北京,电子工业出版社,2001
【17】433MHz Single Chip RF Transceiver nRF905.Rev1.6.Nordic VLSI ASA.2002
【18】nRF905数据手册,讯通科技,2002
【19】陈邦媛,《射频通信电路》,北京,科学出版社,2002
【20】陶涛,《射频技术在无线通信领域的应用》,通信信息报,2004年07期,15-16
【21】ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001,Identification cards-Contact less integrated circuits cards-Proximity cards-Part3:Initialization and anti-collision
【22】Hau L.L.,Seungjin Whang,《Information sharing in supply chain》.International Journal of Technology Management,2000.20:363-387
【23】Ukkonen,Leena,Sydanheimo,Lauri,《A novel tag design using inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification of metailic obojects》,IEEE,2004
【24】Hahnel,Dirk,《Mapping and localization with RFID technology》,IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004
【25】Pentila Katariina,《Performance development of a high-speed automatic object identification using passive RFID technology》,IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004.
【26】Manapure Shomit S.《A comparative study of radio frequency-based indoor location sensing systems》,IEEE,2004
【27】Gil Held著,粟欣,王艺译.无线数据传输网络:蓝牙、WAP和RAN.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,1-20
【28】李伟,刘若男.无线个人局域网技术的比较.通讯世界,2001.2(总75期),9-11
【29】王承恕.通信网基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999
【30】戚文芽,程时听.无线局域网的现状及发展趋势.电信科学,1996,12(9),18-22
【31】孙利民,李建中,陈渝等,《无线传感器网络》,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
【32】李腊元,李春林,《计算机网络技术》,北京,国防工业出版社,2001
【33】岩垂好欲(日),《信息传输与编码理论》,北京,科学出版社,2002
【34】白晓梅,《非接触控制系统集成电路原理及设计方案》,北京,电子工业出版社,1999.5
【35】Klaus Finkeyzeller,《射频识别(RFID)技术》(第二版),北京,电子工业出版社,2001.6
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