九龙江国家森林公园植物群落研究
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摘要
湖南汝城九龙江国家森林公园属于南岭山脉中段与罗霄山脉南端相接的汝城县南部,处于中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的季风湿润气候区,保存着较大面积的低海拔常绿阔叶林。本研究以常绿阔叶植物群落为主要研究对象,对群落的种类组成和区系特点、群落数量和结构特征、群落外貌、物种多样性等方面进行研究,其结果表明：
1.样地中共有维管束植物82科,165属,267种：其中蕨类植物5科,6属,7种；裸子植物6科,6属,6种；被子植物71科,153属,254种。植物区系性质同时具有温带性质和热带性质的特点,热带成分多于温带成分。
2.生活型以中小高位芽植物占优势,地面芽植物次之；层间植物较少,一年生植物较少。生活型分布反映出该地区湿润温和,雨量充沛。叶性质方面以中型叶、非全缘、革质、单叶的种类为主,显示了亚热带常绿阔叶林的特征。
3.植被类型中,常绿阔叶林以常绿乔木树种占优势,其乔木层多由壳斗科(Fagaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)树种等组成。
4.乔木层均匀度指数与群落均匀度不高而生态优势度却较高,说明该乔木层主要有少数物种控制,反映出所调查植物群落对其生境的良好适应性。群落的物种丰富度指数和多样性指数在中等海拔高度最大。
The Jiulong River National Forest Park in Hunan Rucheng is at the mountain area of south China, which near the middle of Nanling Mountains with the south of Luoxiao Mountains, it is at the humid monsoon climate region which is the transition region of subtropical to south subtropical. In this study, evergreen broad-leaved plant communities as the main object to study, and this paper discusses and studies the following aspects:the species composition and characteristics of flora, the quantitative and structure character of community, the physiognomy of community, species diversity and so on. The results of the study are as follows:
1. In the sample lands there are 267 species of vascular plants, belonging to 82 families,165 genera. The flora characteristic shows that there are both tropical elements and temperate elements, and tropical elements are more than temperate elements.
2. Meso and micro-phanerophytes predominated in life-form, hemicryptophyte at the second; interlayer plants and annuals are fewer. Distribution of life-form reflects the climate in this region is moist, moderate and full of rain. On the other hand, most of the characteristic of leaves are mesophyll, nonentire leaves, leathery leaves, and simple leave, it shows the typical characteristics of sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
3. In vegetation types, evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by evergreen tree species, and the tree layers are made up of tree species of Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae etc.
4. Evenness indices of tree layer and community evenness are not high but ecological dominance is higher, indicates that there are few species control this layer, reflects the plants have good adaptation to their habitat. The species richness and diversity index reach their maximum in the middle elevation.
1.样地中共有维管束植物82科,165属,267种：其中蕨类植物5科,6属,7种；裸子植物6科,6属,6种；被子植物71科,153属,254种。植物区系性质同时具有温带性质和热带性质的特点,热带成分多于温带成分。
2.生活型以中小高位芽植物占优势,地面芽植物次之；层间植物较少,一年生植物较少。生活型分布反映出该地区湿润温和,雨量充沛。叶性质方面以中型叶、非全缘、革质、单叶的种类为主,显示了亚热带常绿阔叶林的特征。
3.植被类型中,常绿阔叶林以常绿乔木树种占优势,其乔木层多由壳斗科(Fagaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)树种等组成。
4.乔木层均匀度指数与群落均匀度不高而生态优势度却较高,说明该乔木层主要有少数物种控制,反映出所调查植物群落对其生境的良好适应性。群落的物种丰富度指数和多样性指数在中等海拔高度最大。
The Jiulong River National Forest Park in Hunan Rucheng is at the mountain area of south China, which near the middle of Nanling Mountains with the south of Luoxiao Mountains, it is at the humid monsoon climate region which is the transition region of subtropical to south subtropical. In this study, evergreen broad-leaved plant communities as the main object to study, and this paper discusses and studies the following aspects:the species composition and characteristics of flora, the quantitative and structure character of community, the physiognomy of community, species diversity and so on. The results of the study are as follows:
1. In the sample lands there are 267 species of vascular plants, belonging to 82 families,165 genera. The flora characteristic shows that there are both tropical elements and temperate elements, and tropical elements are more than temperate elements.
2. Meso and micro-phanerophytes predominated in life-form, hemicryptophyte at the second; interlayer plants and annuals are fewer. Distribution of life-form reflects the climate in this region is moist, moderate and full of rain. On the other hand, most of the characteristic of leaves are mesophyll, nonentire leaves, leathery leaves, and simple leave, it shows the typical characteristics of sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
3. In vegetation types, evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by evergreen tree species, and the tree layers are made up of tree species of Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae etc.
4. Evenness indices of tree layer and community evenness are not high but ecological dominance is higher, indicates that there are few species control this layer, reflects the plants have good adaptation to their habitat. The species richness and diversity index reach their maximum in the middle elevation.
引文
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