赣南脐橙果园土壤养分供应的根际效应
|
摘要
土壤养分提供作物生长所必需的营养成分和矿质元素,土壤养分供应对脐橙果树生长和果实产量及品质均有重要的影响。土壤养分的根际效应是植物根系通过其分泌物和脱落物对根际微生物区系、土壤酶活性及其环境相互作用而产生的剧烈影响。本文选取赣南地区种植年限分别为9年、20年、31年施肥模式类似的脐橙果园为研究对象,测定并分析了0-15 cm、15-30 cm、30-45 cm层次根际与非根际土壤pH、C、N、P含量及与其转化密切相关的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶3种酶活性和脐橙叶片养分含量的动态。主要结果如下：
(1)不同种植年限脐橙果园根系生物量随种植年限的延长而逐渐增加。9年果园的根系生物量随土壤深度的加深而减少,20年和31年果园随土壤深度的加深先增大后减少；整体看来9年和20年果园均表现为粗活根>中活根>细活根>死根、31年果园变化趋势略不同且死根出现增多现象。
(2)根际土壤pHH、根际和非根际土壤有机C、全N和全P含量均随种植年限的延长而逐渐增加。土壤pH、有机C、全N和全P含量均为根际高于非根际,根际效应均表现为正效应。不同种植年限脐橙果园土壤养分存在明显的垂直空间分布规律；均值看来根际和非根际土壤pH、有机C和全N含量均随土壤深度的加深而下降、土壤全P含量变化不同,但根际效应均呈“V”型空间分布。
(3)不同种植年限的脐橙果园根际、非根际土壤C/N、N/P、C/P化学计量比无明显差异,其均值分别为7.9、2.5和19.5,初步推断脐橙果树生长受N的限制可能强于P。
(4)土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶3种酶活性均随种植年限的延长呈下降的趋势。3种酶活性均为根际高于非根际,根际效应(R/S>1)均表现为正效应。蔗糖酶和脲酶均随土壤深度的加深而下降,磷酸酶略呈上升的趋势,3种土壤酶活性的根际效应空间变化规律不一致。
(5)不同种植年限脐橙果园的叶片有机C、全N和全P含量差值不大,但脐橙叶片养分含量存在一定的季节动态。脐橙叶片C/N、N/P和C/P比大约为16、17和273,推断脐橙果园P相对富余,且具有引起环境污染的潜在风险。
总之,赣南脐橙果园土壤C、N和P含量均表现为随种植年限的延长有不同程度的增加,但与其转化密切相关的3种酶活性呈下降的趋势；养分供应和酶活性的根际效应均表现为随种植年限的延长而呈降低的趋势,且C、N、P供应呈不平衡态势转变。表明土壤养分的转化速率和洪应能力均呈下降的趋势,长时间看来,目前的施肥管理模式易引起土壤质量下降和诱发环境污染,土壤养分供应难以满足果园长期可持续发展。
Soils provide necessary nutrients for crop growth, and soil nutrient availability affects the growth, fruit production and quality of navel oranges tree. Rhizosphere effect of soil nutrient availability is recognized as plant roots influence on nutrient through their secretion and litters, and their interactions with microorganisms, soil enzyme and theirs environment. Therefore, three navel orange orchards, which varied with stand age of 9,20 and 31 years old, but similar in fertilizatiing practices in south Jiangxi were slected to determine and analyze rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil pH, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) at 0-15 cm,15-30 cm,30-45 cm depths. Additionally, soil sucrase, urease, acid phosphatase activities and leaf nutrient concentrations were measured during four seasons across a whole growth year. The main conclusions drawn from study are as follows:
(1) Roots biomass gradually increased with the increasing stand age. Roots biomass decreased with increasing soil depth in the 9 yr-old orchards, but was higher in 20 yr-old orchards than in 9 and 31 yr-old orchards. Meanwhile, the annual average roots biomass across three stand ages showed the thick roots (diameter>2 mm)> medium roots (diameter 0.5-2 mm)> fine roots (diameter<0.5 mm)> dead roots. However, dead roots rapidly increased in 31 yr-old orahards, compared to 9 and 20 yr-old orchards.
(2) The pH in rhizosphere soil, SOC, TN and TP in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils increases with increasing orchard age. Soil pH, TN and TP were higher in rhizosphere soils than in non-rhizosphere soils, and all these rhizosphere effects were positive. Soil nutrients showed significant vertically spatial variations under the navel orange orchards of different ages. The pH in rhizosphere soil, SOC and TN in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils decreased with increasing soil depth, but the change tendency of TP with soil depth was different with SOC and TN. The rhizosphere effects of all soil variables mentioned above showed "V" shape in their vertical distributions.
(3) The ratios of C/N, N/P and C/P in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils showed not significant difference under each navel orange orchards of different stand ages. The C/N, N/P and C/P ratios in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were 7.9,2.5 and 19.5 respectively. We preliminary inferred that soil N availability were more limiting factors than P supply to plant growth.
(4) Soil sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase activities declined with the increasing stand age. Three kinds of enzyme acticities were higher in rhizosphere soils than in non-rhizosphere soils, and all these rhizosphere effects (R/S> 1) were positive. Soil sucrase and urease activities decreased, while soil acid phosphatase activity slightly increased with increasing soil depth. The rhizosphere effect of the three enzymes had inconsistency change tendencies in soil vertically spatial vatiations.
(5) SOC, TN, TP concentrations of navel orange leaves had no significant differences among orchards of different stand ages. While there were significantly seasonal variations in leaf OC, TN, TP. The C/N, N/P and C/P stoichiometric ratios in navel orange leaves were 16,17 and 273 respectively. Thus we preliminarily inferred that relatively high P accumulation could easily lead to the potential risks of the environmental pollution.
In sum, SOC, TN, TP concentrations increased with different planting age under the navel orange orchards. However the activities of these three enzymes, which are closed related with soil C, N and P transformation, showed decreasing tendency. Theirs rhizosphere effect also performed a decreasing tendency, and the supply of C, N and P showed more and more imbalanced with orchard development. Our results showed that the soil nutrient transformation rate and soil nutrient availability capacity performed a decline tendency. From a long-time perspective, the present fertilization management mode would easily lead to the decline of soil quality and the potential risks of the environmental pollution. Therfore, soil nutrient supply would not meet the demand of navel orange tree's growth under the orchards of south Jiangxi.
(1)不同种植年限脐橙果园根系生物量随种植年限的延长而逐渐增加。9年果园的根系生物量随土壤深度的加深而减少,20年和31年果园随土壤深度的加深先增大后减少；整体看来9年和20年果园均表现为粗活根>中活根>细活根>死根、31年果园变化趋势略不同且死根出现增多现象。
(2)根际土壤pHH、根际和非根际土壤有机C、全N和全P含量均随种植年限的延长而逐渐增加。土壤pH、有机C、全N和全P含量均为根际高于非根际,根际效应均表现为正效应。不同种植年限脐橙果园土壤养分存在明显的垂直空间分布规律；均值看来根际和非根际土壤pH、有机C和全N含量均随土壤深度的加深而下降、土壤全P含量变化不同,但根际效应均呈“V”型空间分布。
(3)不同种植年限的脐橙果园根际、非根际土壤C/N、N/P、C/P化学计量比无明显差异,其均值分别为7.9、2.5和19.5,初步推断脐橙果树生长受N的限制可能强于P。
(4)土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶3种酶活性均随种植年限的延长呈下降的趋势。3种酶活性均为根际高于非根际,根际效应(R/S>1)均表现为正效应。蔗糖酶和脲酶均随土壤深度的加深而下降,磷酸酶略呈上升的趋势,3种土壤酶活性的根际效应空间变化规律不一致。
(5)不同种植年限脐橙果园的叶片有机C、全N和全P含量差值不大,但脐橙叶片养分含量存在一定的季节动态。脐橙叶片C/N、N/P和C/P比大约为16、17和273,推断脐橙果园P相对富余,且具有引起环境污染的潜在风险。
总之,赣南脐橙果园土壤C、N和P含量均表现为随种植年限的延长有不同程度的增加,但与其转化密切相关的3种酶活性呈下降的趋势；养分供应和酶活性的根际效应均表现为随种植年限的延长而呈降低的趋势,且C、N、P供应呈不平衡态势转变。表明土壤养分的转化速率和洪应能力均呈下降的趋势,长时间看来,目前的施肥管理模式易引起土壤质量下降和诱发环境污染,土壤养分供应难以满足果园长期可持续发展。
Soils provide necessary nutrients for crop growth, and soil nutrient availability affects the growth, fruit production and quality of navel oranges tree. Rhizosphere effect of soil nutrient availability is recognized as plant roots influence on nutrient through their secretion and litters, and their interactions with microorganisms, soil enzyme and theirs environment. Therefore, three navel orange orchards, which varied with stand age of 9,20 and 31 years old, but similar in fertilizatiing practices in south Jiangxi were slected to determine and analyze rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil pH, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) at 0-15 cm,15-30 cm,30-45 cm depths. Additionally, soil sucrase, urease, acid phosphatase activities and leaf nutrient concentrations were measured during four seasons across a whole growth year. The main conclusions drawn from study are as follows:
(1) Roots biomass gradually increased with the increasing stand age. Roots biomass decreased with increasing soil depth in the 9 yr-old orchards, but was higher in 20 yr-old orchards than in 9 and 31 yr-old orchards. Meanwhile, the annual average roots biomass across three stand ages showed the thick roots (diameter>2 mm)> medium roots (diameter 0.5-2 mm)> fine roots (diameter<0.5 mm)> dead roots. However, dead roots rapidly increased in 31 yr-old orahards, compared to 9 and 20 yr-old orchards.
(2) The pH in rhizosphere soil, SOC, TN and TP in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils increases with increasing orchard age. Soil pH, TN and TP were higher in rhizosphere soils than in non-rhizosphere soils, and all these rhizosphere effects were positive. Soil nutrients showed significant vertically spatial variations under the navel orange orchards of different ages. The pH in rhizosphere soil, SOC and TN in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils decreased with increasing soil depth, but the change tendency of TP with soil depth was different with SOC and TN. The rhizosphere effects of all soil variables mentioned above showed "V" shape in their vertical distributions.
(3) The ratios of C/N, N/P and C/P in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils showed not significant difference under each navel orange orchards of different stand ages. The C/N, N/P and C/P ratios in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were 7.9,2.5 and 19.5 respectively. We preliminary inferred that soil N availability were more limiting factors than P supply to plant growth.
(4) Soil sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase activities declined with the increasing stand age. Three kinds of enzyme acticities were higher in rhizosphere soils than in non-rhizosphere soils, and all these rhizosphere effects (R/S> 1) were positive. Soil sucrase and urease activities decreased, while soil acid phosphatase activity slightly increased with increasing soil depth. The rhizosphere effect of the three enzymes had inconsistency change tendencies in soil vertically spatial vatiations.
(5) SOC, TN, TP concentrations of navel orange leaves had no significant differences among orchards of different stand ages. While there were significantly seasonal variations in leaf OC, TN, TP. The C/N, N/P and C/P stoichiometric ratios in navel orange leaves were 16,17 and 273 respectively. Thus we preliminarily inferred that relatively high P accumulation could easily lead to the potential risks of the environmental pollution.
In sum, SOC, TN, TP concentrations increased with different planting age under the navel orange orchards. However the activities of these three enzymes, which are closed related with soil C, N and P transformation, showed decreasing tendency. Theirs rhizosphere effect also performed a decreasing tendency, and the supply of C, N and P showed more and more imbalanced with orchard development. Our results showed that the soil nutrient transformation rate and soil nutrient availability capacity performed a decline tendency. From a long-time perspective, the present fertilization management mode would easily lead to the decline of soil quality and the potential risks of the environmental pollution. Therfore, soil nutrient supply would not meet the demand of navel orange tree's growth under the orchards of south Jiangxi.
引文
白军红,邓伟,张玉霞.2001.莫莫格湿地土壤氮磷空间分布规律研究.水土保持学报,15(4)：79-81.
白尚斌,张彦东,王政权.2001.落叶松根际pH值与供磷水平及土壤有效性的关系.林业科学,37(4)：129-133.
鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.2005.纽荷尔脐橙果园土壤营养与果实品质相关性研究.亚热带植物科学,34(1)：25-27.
鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.2006.湖北省纽荷尔脐橙果园土壤营养状况及其对果实品质的影响.土壤,38(1)：75-80.
曹文生,张百习,张学利,等.2010.章古台人工固沙林根际土壤性质研究.防护林科技,(1)：7-10,19.
陈伏生.2011.赣南脐橙果园土壤质量演变与生态系统管理.南昌大学,博士后出站报告.
陈伏生,胡小飞,葛刚.2007.城市地被植物麦冬叶片氮磷化学计量比和养分再吸收率.草业学报,16(4)：47-54.
陈伏生,曾德慧,范志平,等.2005.章古台沙地樟子松人-工林土壤有效氮的研究.北京林业大学学报,27(3)：6-11.
陈竑竣,李传涵.1994.杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较.林业科学,30(2)：170-175.
陈永亮.2004.不同氮源处理对红色苗木根际pH及养分有效性的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),28(1)：42-46.
程国玲,邵十文,陈永亮.2001.水曲柳落叶松纯林与混交林根际土壤pH值变化对比.东北林业大学学报,29(2)：102-104.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京：中国农业出版社.
郭恢财,廖鹏飞,陈伏生.2010.脐橙果园土壤养分动态与酶活性的季节变化.生态学杂志,29(4)：754-759.
郝文芳,陈存根,梁宗锁,等.2008.植被生物量的研究进展西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),36(2)：175-182.
贺金生,王政权,方精云.2004.全球变化下的地下生态学：问题与展望.科学通报,49(13)：1226-1233.
侯杰,叶功富,张立华.2006.林木根际土壤研究进展.防护林科技,(1)：30-33.
胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,等.2001.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤酶活性的季节性动态研究.北京林业大学学报,23(5)：23-26.
胡正月,胡美蓉,谢日星,等.1999.论赣南脐橙栽培与江西生态果园建设.江西农业科技,(1)：29-32.
胡正月.2004.江西省果业发展现状、问题及对策.江西园艺,(6)：7-9.
胡中民,樊江文,钟华平,等.2005.中国草地地下生物量研究进展.生态学杂志,24(9)：1095-1101.
黄蕾,马卫.2005.合作社---适合江西水果业产业化进程的组织形式.农村展望,(6)：15-17.
黄建辉,韩兴国,陈灵芝.1999.森林生态系统根系生物量研究进展.生态学报,19(2)：270-277.
姜存仓,王运华,刘桂东,等.2009.赣南脐橙叶片黄化及施硼效应研究.植物营养与肥料学报,15(3)：656-661.
蒋秋怡,叶仲节,钱新标,等.1990.杉木根际土壤特性的研究(Ⅰ)杉木根际与非根际土壤化学性质的比较研究.浙江林学院学报,7(2)：122-126.
蒋秋怡,叶仲节,钱新标,等.1991.杉木根际土壤特性的研究(Ⅱ)杉木根际生物化学特性.浙江林学院学报,8(4)：450-456.
李菡,孙爱清,郭恒俊.2010.农田不同种植模式与土壤质量的美系.应用生态学报,21(2)：365-372.
李鹏,赵忠,李占斌,等.2002.植被根系与生态环境相互作用机制研究进展.西北林学院学报,17(2)：26-32.
李港丽,苏润宁,沈隽.1987.几种落叶果树叶内矿质元素含量标准值的研究.同艺学报,14(2)：81-89.
李海波,韩晓增,王风,等.2008.不同土地利用下黑土密度分组中碳、碳的分配变化.土壤学报,45(1)：112-119.
李文革,刘志坚,谭周进,等.2006.土壤酶功能的研究进展.湖南农业科技,(6)：34-36.
李艳平,马冠生.2002.蔬菜、水果的营养与健康.中国食物与营养,(2)：30-32.
厉婉华.1996.栓皮栎、杉木河火炬松根际与非根际土壤氮素及pH差异的研究.南京林业大学学报,20(2)：49-52.
林崇献.2001.土壤与农业地质土壤.广西地质,(1)：41-45.
刘桂东,姜存仓,王运华,等.2010.赣南脐橙果园土壤基本养分含量分析与评价.中国南方果树,39(1)：1-3,8.
刘建军,陈海滨,田呈明,等.1998.秦岭火地塘林区主要树种根际微生态系统土壤性状研究.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,4(3)：52-56.
刘兴良,马钦彦,杨冬生,等.2006.川西山地主要人工林种群根系生物量与生产力.生态学报,26(2)：542-551.
鲁剑魏,陈防,王运华,等.2004.氮磷钾肥对红壤地区幼龄柑橘生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,10(4)：413-418.
鲁如坤.1998.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业科技出版社.
鲁艳红,杨曾平,郑圣先,等.2010.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草堆红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响.应用生态学报,21(4)：921-929.
陆雅海,张福锁.2006.根际微生物研究进展.土壤,38(2)：113-121.
马斌,周志宇,张彩萍,等.2005.超旱生灌木根际土壤磷的含量特征.草业学报,14(3)：106-110.
潘瑞炽,王小菁,李娘辉,编.2001.植物生理学.北京：高等教育出版社.
秦嗣军,吕德国,李作轩,等.2006.樱桃根际土壤酶活性与土壤养分动态变化及其关系研究.土壤通报,37(6)：1175-1178.
史舟,Lark RM.2007.土壤学的新分支---计量土壤学(Pedometrics)的形成与发展.土壤通报,44(5)：919-924.
史继孔.2009.柑橘是人体最需要的水果之一.果农之友,(1)：45.
苏宝玲,韩士杰,王建国.2000.根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展.应用生态学报,11(3)：477-480.
孙波,赵其国.1997.土壤质量与持续环境Ⅳ.土壤质量评价的生物学指标.土壤,(5)：225-234.
汪瑞清,刘仁根,肖运萍,等.2009.水肥耦合对赣南脐橙园脐橙品质的影响.广东农业科学,(6)：86-88.
王涛,冯先桔,张仙平,等.2009.温州蜜柑园土壤养分状况及对果实品质的影响.浙江农业科学,(2)：401-403.
王博文,陈立新.2006.土壤质量评价方法述评.中国水土保持科学,4(2)：120-126.
王树堂,韩士杰,张军辉,等.2010.长白上阔叶洪松林表层土壤木木植物细根生物量及空间分布.应用生态学报,21(3)：583-589.
王艳芬,汪诗平.1999.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响.草地学报,7(3)：198-203.
王振宇,吕金印,李凤民,等.2006.根际沉积及其在植物---土壤碳循环中的作用.应用生态学报,17(1)：1963-1968.
吴统贵,吴明,刘丽,等.2010.杭州湾滨海湿地3种保本植物叶片N、P化学计量学的季节变化.植物生态学报,34(1)：23-28.
肖玲,王开运,张远彬,等.2006.岷江冷杉根际土壤微生物对大气CO2浓度和温度升高的响应.应用生态学报,17(5)：773-777.
肖永鸿,刘晓光,杨斌华,等.2006.浅谈脐橙生产栽培的“八要”和“八改”.中国南方果树,35(2)：7-8.
徐秋芳,钱新标.]998.毛竹根际土壤的化学性质.浙江林学院学报,15(3)：240-243.
徐秋芳.1998.马尾松根际土壤化学性质分析.浙江林学院学报,15(2)：111-126.
徐兴利.2011.义是一年橙香时,赣南脐橙何其多?中国食品,(3)：66-67.
许曼丽.1993.根际研究方法的特点及其进展.土壤,25(6)：307-310.
杨承栋,焦如珍.1999.杉木檫树根际土壤性质变化的研究.林业科学,35(6)：2-9.
杨玉盛,林德喜,李振问,等.1997.杉木细柄阿丁枫混交林根际土壤的研究.福建林学院学报,17(1)：11-15.
叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.2006.不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤养分含量和酶活性动态.水土保持学报,20(4)：86-89.
叶家颖,马承豪,杨爱平,等.2000.月柿根际土壤酶活性的研究.广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),18(4)：82-86.
尹云峰,蔡祖聪,钦绳武.2005.长期施肥条件下潮土不同组分有机质的动态研究.应用生态学报,16(5)：875-878.
宇万太,于永强.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6)：927-932.
袁启凤,陈守一,杨顺煜,等.2009.土壤养分对杂柑品质幼树生量草的影响.贵州农业科学,37(2)：130-131.
岳曼,常庆瑞,王飞,等.2008.土壤有机碳储量研究进展.土壤通报,39(5)：1174-1178.
岳永杰,余新晓,慕长龙,等.2008.岷江上游干旱河谷区人工林根系生物量及分布格局.东北林业大学学报,36(2)：16-18.
曾曙才,苏志尧,陈北光,等.2003.植物根际营养研究进展.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),27(6)：79-83.
詹书侠,陈伏生,胡小飞,等.2009.中亚热带丘陵红壤区森林演替典型阶段土壤氮磷有效性.生态学报,29(9)：4673-4680.
詹媛媛,薜梓瑜,任伟,等.2009.干旱荒漠区不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素的含量特性.生态学报,29(1)：59-67.
张爱民.2006.做强赣南脐橙产业化的对策与建议.江西农业学报,18(6)：218-221.
张德纯,张蘅.2009.水果营养健康.北京：人民卫生出版社.
张福锁,中建波,冯古.2009.根际生态学：过程与调控.北京：中国农业人学出版社.
张福锁主编.1992.土壤与植物营养研究新动态.北京：北京农业大学出版社.
张广莉,宋光煜.1997.根际土壤磷的动态.土壤农化通报,12(2)：39-45.
张其水,俞新妥.1991.连栽杉木林的根系研究.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(4)：374-379.
张香凝,孙向阳,王保平,等.2007Larrea tridentata地径、根系及枝相关关系的研究.西北林学院学报,22(4)：35-38.
张心昱,陈利顶.2006.土壤质量评价指标体系与评价方法研究进展与展望.水土保持研究,13(3)：30-34.
张学利,杨树军,刘亚萍,等.2004.章古台古沙林主要树种根际土壤性质研究.中国沙漠,24(])：72-76.
张学利,杨树军,张百习,等.2005.不同林龄樟子松根际与非根际土壤的对比.福建林学院学报,25(1)：80-84.
张学利,杨树军,张百习.2002.我国林木根际土壤研究进展.沈阳农业大学学报,33(6)：461-465.
章明德.2005.重视蔬菜生产,关心人们生活---关于德兴发展蔬菜生产的几点建议.江西园艺,(1)：23-25.
章秀福,王丹英,符冠富,等.2006.南方稻田保护性耕作的研究进展与研究对策.土壤通报,37(2)：346-351.
钟厚.2005.脐橙平衡施肥技术.中国农技推广,(7)：43.
周礼恺主编.1989.土壤酶学.北京：科学出版社.
庄伊美.1994.柑橘营养与施肥.北京：中国农业出版社,106-215.
Adamas MB, campbell RG, Allen HL, et al.1987. Root and foliar nutrient concentrations in loblolly pine:Effects of season. Forest Science,33(4):984-996.
Aerts R, Chapin FS Ⅲ.2000. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research,30:1-67.
Amann, RI, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH.1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological and Molecular Biology Reviews,59(1):143-169.
Andersen T, Hessen DO.1991. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of freshwater zooplankton. Limnology and Oceanography,36:807-814.
Badiane NNY, Chotte JL, Pate E, et al.2001. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions. Applied Soil Ecology,18: 229-238.
Bandick AK, Dick RP.1999. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,31:1471-1479.
Benoit C, Nicolas B, Francois C, et al.2003. A cyclical but asynchronous pattern of fine root and woody biomass production in a hardwood forest of southern Quebec and its relationships with annual variation of temperature and nutrient availability. Plant and Soil,250:49-57.
Berntson GM, Woodward FI.1992. The root system architecture and development of Senecio vulgaris in elevated CO2 and drought. Functional Ecology,6(3):324-333.
Binkley D, Hart SC.1989. The components of nitrogen availability assessments in forest soils. Advances in Soil Science,10:57-111.
Burns RG, Dick, RP.2001. Enzymes in the environment: activity, ecology, and applications. Marcel Dekker. Inc., New York.
Burns RG.1978. Soil Enzymes. London: Academic Press.
Caldwell MM, Richards JH.1986. Competing root system: morphology and models of absorption. In: Givnish TJ,(Eds). On the Economy of Plant Form and Function. Cambrige:Cambrige University Press,251-273.
Cardon ZG, Whitbeck JL.2007. The Rhizosphere:An ecological perspective. Boston:Elsevier Academic Press.
Chapin Ⅲ FS, Vitousek PM, Cleve KV.1986. The nature of nutrient limitation in plant communities. The American Naturalist,127(1):148-158.
Chen GS, Zeng DH, Chen FS.2004. Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients of Pinus sp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land northeast China. Journal of Forestry Research,15(1):11-18.
Chesters G, Attoe OJ, Allen ON.1957. Soil aggregation in relation to various soil constituents. Soil Science Society of America Journal,21:212-211.
Compton JS, Mallinson DJ, Glenn CR, et at.2000. Variations in the global phosphorus cycle. In: Glenn CR ed. Marine Authigensis:From Global to Microbial. Society of Sedimentary Geology,66:21-33.
Copley J.2000. Ecology goes underground. Nature,406:452-454.
Cottrell MT, Waidner LA, Yu L, et al.2005. Bacterial diversity of metagenomic and PCR libraries from the Delaware River. Environmental Microbiology,7(12):1883-1895.
Cudlin P, Kieliszewska-Rokicka B, Rudawska M, el al.2007. Fine root and ectomycorrhizas as indicators of environmental change. Plant Biosystems,141(3):406-425.
Curl EA, Truelove B.1986. The Rhizosphere. Springer-Verlag, Berlin:Heidelberg New York.
Daniel R.2004. The soil metagenome-a rich resource for the discovery of novel natural products. Environmental Biotechnology,15:199-204.
De Camargo PB, Trumbore SE, Martinelli LZA, et al. Soil carbon dynamics in regrowing forest of eastern Amazornia. Global Change Biology,5(6):693-702.
Diamantidis G, Effosse A, Potier P, et al.2000. Purification and characterization of the front bacterial laccase in the rhizospheric bacterium Azospirillum lipoferum. Soil Biology & Biochemistry.32:919-927.
Dick RP.1994. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality. In:Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF, et al. (Eds.), Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison: Soil Science Society of American,107-124.
Ditzler CA, Tugel AJ.2002. Soil Quality Field Tools:Experiences of USDA—NRCS Soil Quality Institute. Agronomy Journal,94(1):33-38.
Doran JW, Jones AJ.1996. Methods for assessing soil quality. Special Publication, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI,49:410.
Doran JW, Parkin TB.1994. Defining and assessing soil quality. In: Doran JW, (Eds). Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of American Publication. Madison Wisconsin, USA, (35):3-21.
Doran JW, Zeiss MR.2000. Soil health and sustainability:managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology,15:3-11.
Elser JJ, Dobberfuhl DR, MacKay NA, et al.1996. Organism size, life history, and N:P stoichiometry:towards a unified view of cellular and ecosystem processes. BioScience,46(9): 674-684.
Fox TR, Comcrford NB.1992. Rhizosphere phosphatase activity and phosphatase hydrolyzable organic phosphorus in two forested spodosols. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,24(6):579-583.
Garg S, Bah1 GS.2008. Phosphorus availability to maize as influenced by organic manures and fertilizer P associated phosphatase activity in soils. Bioresource Technology,99:5773-5777.
Gianfreda L, Rao MA, Piatrowska A, et al.2005. Soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations:intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution. Science of the Total Environment,341:265-279.
Gillespie AR, Pope PE.1990. Rhizosphere acidification increases phosphorus recovery of black locust:Ⅱ. model preductions and measured recovery. Soil Science Society of America Journal,54:538-541.
Gobran GR, Clegg S, Courchesne F.1998. Rhizospheric processes influencing the biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems. Biogeochemistry,42:107-320.
Greenhanm DWP.1995. The environment of the fruit tree:Managing fruit soils. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,12:25-31.
Greenwood DJ, Gerwitz A, Stone DA, et al.1982. Root development of vegetable crops. Plant and Soil,68:75-96.
Gusewell S.2004. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance. New phylologist,164(2):243-266.
Hanson PJ, Edwards NT, Garten CT, et al.2000. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry,48:115-146.
Hedley MJ, Nye PH, White RE.1982. Plant-induced changes in the rhizosphere of rape(Brassica Napus var. Emerald) seedlings Ⅱ origin of the pH change. New Phytologist,91(1):31-44.
Hendricks JJ, Aber JD, Nadellhoffer KL, et al.2000. Nitrogen controls on fine root substrate quality in temperate forest ecosystems. Ecosystems,3:57-69.
Hessen DO, Agren GI, Anderson TR, et al.2004. Carbon sequestration in ecosystems:the role of stoichiometry. Ecology,85(5):1179-1192.
Hessen DO.1997. Stoichiometry in food webs-Lotka revisited. Oikos,79(1):195-200.
Islam KR, Weil RR.2000. Soil quality indicator properties in mid-Atlantic soils as influenced by conservation management. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Society,50(1):69-78.
Jackson RB, Canadell J, Ehleringer JR, et al.1996. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia,108(3):389-411.
Jordan CF, Escalante G.1980. Root productivity in an amazonian rain forest. Ecology,61(1): 14-18.
Karlen DL, Mausbach MJ, Doran JW, et al.1997. Soil quality:a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Science Society of American Journal,61:4-10.
Kellogg LE, Bridgham SD.2003. Phosphorus retention and movement across an ombrotrophic minerotrophic peatland gradient. Biogeochemistry,63:299-315.
Kiss S, Pasca D, Dragan-Bularda M.1998. Enzymology of Disturbed Soils. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Koerselman W, Meuleman AFM.1996. The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology,33:1441-1450.
Lal R.2004. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma,123:1-22.
Loveland P, Webb J.2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions:a review. Soil & Tillage Research,70:1-18.
Marcelle R.1995. Mineral nutrition and fruit quality. ISHS Acta Horticulturae,383:219-226.
Martens DA, Johanson JB, Frankenberger WTJR.1992. Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated additions of organic residues. Soil Science,153:53-61.
McNaughton SJ, Banyikwa FF, McNaughton MM.1998. Root biomass and productivity in a grazing ecosystem:the serengeti. Ecology,79(2):587-592.
Mohsin M, Alfonzo MM.1990. Transactions of 14th ICSS. Kyoto (Japan),3(3):235-236.
Mooney HA, Vitousek PV, Matson PA.1987. Exchange of materials between terresrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Science,238:926-932.
Moreira D, Valera FR, Garcia PL.2004. Analysis of a genome fragment of a deep-sea uncultivated Group Ⅱ euryarchaeote containing 16S rDNA, a spectinomycin-like operon and several energy metabolism genes. Environmental Microbiology,6(9):959-969.
Morel C, Hinsinger, P.1999. Root-induced modifications of the exchange of phosphate ion between soil solution and soild phase. Plant and soil,211:103-110.
Nye PH, Tinker PB.1977. Solute movement in the soil-root system. California: University of California Press.
Olander LP, Vitousek PM.2000. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry,49:175-190.
Pace NR.1997. A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science,276:734-740.
Pandey A, Palni LMS.1996. The rhizosphere effect of tea on soil microbes in a Himalayan monsoonal location. Biology and Fertility of Soils,21:131-137.
Paterson E.2003. Importance of rhizodeposition in the coupling of plant and microbial productivity. European Journal of Soil Science,53:741-750.
Persson H.1990. Methods of studying root dynamics in relation to nutrient cycling. In: Harrison AF, Ineson P, Heal OW, (Eds). Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems:field methods, application and interpretation. London and New York:Elsevier Applied Science.
Phillips R, Fahey TJ.2007. Fertilization effects on fine root biomass, rhizosphere microbes and respiratory fluxes in hardwood forest soils. New Phytologist,176:655-664.
Phillips RP, Fahey TJ.2006. Tree species and mycorrhizal associations influence the magnitude of rhizosphere effects. Ecology,87(5):1302-1313.
Phillips RP, Fahey TJ.2008. The influence of soil fertility on rhizosphere effects in Northern Hardwood forest soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal,72:453-461.
Prosser Jl.2002. Molecular and functional diversity in soil micro-organisms. Plant and Soil,244: 9-17.
Pu M, Mitchell RJ, Jones RH.1997. Root distribution of two tree species under a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Journal of Applied Ecology,34:645-656.
Rappe MS, Giovannoni SJ.2003. The uncultured microbial majority. Annual Reviews of Microbiology,57:369-394.
Ricsenfeld CS, Schloss PD, Handelsman J.2004. Metagenomics:Genomic Analysis of Microbial Communities. Annual Review of Genetics,38:525-552.
Riley D, Barber SA.1969. Bicarbonate accumulation and pⅡ changes at the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root-soil interface. Soil Science Society of America Journal,33:905-908.
Riley D, Barber SA.1970. Salt accumulation at the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root-soil interface. Soil Science Society of America Journal,34:154-155.
Rogers HH, Peterson CM, Mccrimmon JN, et al.1996. Response of plant root to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant, Cell & Environment,15(6):749-752.
Rondon MR, August PR, Bettermann AD, et al.2000. Cloning the soil metagenome: a strategy for accessing the genetic and functional diversity of uncultured microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,66(6):2541-2547.
Rovira AD.1991. Rhizosphere research-85 years of progress and frustration. In:Keister DL, Cregan PB, (Eds.). The rhizosphere and plant growth. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands:3-13.
Sainju UM, Good RE.1993. Vertical root distribution in relation to soil properties in New Jersey PinelandS forests. Plant and Soil,50:87-97.
Smiley RW, Cook RJ.1973. Relationship between take-all of wheat and rhizosphere pH in soils fertilized with Ammonium vs. Nitrate-Nitrogen. Phytopathology,63:882-890.
Speir TW, Cowling JC.1991. Phosphatase activities of pasture plants and soils: relationship with plant productivity and soil P fertility induces. Biology and Fertility of Soils,12:189-194.
Staben ML, Bezdicek DF, Smith JL, et al.1997. Assessment of soil quality in conservation reserve propgram and wheat-fallow soils. Soil Science Society of American,61:124-130.
Starkey RL.1958. Interrelations between microorganisms and plant roots in the rhizosphere. Bacteriological Reviews,22(3):154-172.
Stone EL, Kalisz PJ.1991. On the maximum extent of tree roots. Forest Ecology and Management, 46:59-102.
Strom, L.1997. Root exudation of organic acids:importance to nutrient availability and the calcifuge and calcicole behaviour of plants. Oikos,80(3):459-466.
Vitousek PM, Howarth RW.1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur?. Biogeochemistry,13:87-115.
Vogt KA, Publicover DA, Bloomfield J, et al.1993. Belowground responses as indicators of environmental change. Environmengtal and Experimental Botany,33(1):189-205.
Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Palmiotto PA, et al.1996. Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species. Plant and Soil,187:159-219.
Wassen MJ, Olde Venterink HGM, de Swart EOAM.1995. Nutrient concentrations in mire vegetation as a measure of nutrient limitation in mire ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science,6:5-16.
Yannarell AC, Triplett EW.2005. Geographic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Lake Bacterial Community Composition. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,71(1): 227-239.
Zhang LX, Bai YF, Man XG.2004. Differential responses of N:P stoichiometry of Leymus chinensis and Carex korshinskyi to N addition in a steppe ecosystem in Nei Mongol. Acta Botanica Sinica.46(3):259-270.
白尚斌,张彦东,王政权.2001.落叶松根际pH值与供磷水平及土壤有效性的关系.林业科学,37(4)：129-133.
鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.2005.纽荷尔脐橙果园土壤营养与果实品质相关性研究.亚热带植物科学,34(1)：25-27.
鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.2006.湖北省纽荷尔脐橙果园土壤营养状况及其对果实品质的影响.土壤,38(1)：75-80.
曹文生,张百习,张学利,等.2010.章古台人工固沙林根际土壤性质研究.防护林科技,(1)：7-10,19.
陈伏生.2011.赣南脐橙果园土壤质量演变与生态系统管理.南昌大学,博士后出站报告.
陈伏生,胡小飞,葛刚.2007.城市地被植物麦冬叶片氮磷化学计量比和养分再吸收率.草业学报,16(4)：47-54.
陈伏生,曾德慧,范志平,等.2005.章古台沙地樟子松人-工林土壤有效氮的研究.北京林业大学学报,27(3)：6-11.
陈竑竣,李传涵.1994.杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较.林业科学,30(2)：170-175.
陈永亮.2004.不同氮源处理对红色苗木根际pH及养分有效性的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),28(1)：42-46.
程国玲,邵十文,陈永亮.2001.水曲柳落叶松纯林与混交林根际土壤pH值变化对比.东北林业大学学报,29(2)：102-104.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京：中国农业出版社.
郭恢财,廖鹏飞,陈伏生.2010.脐橙果园土壤养分动态与酶活性的季节变化.生态学杂志,29(4)：754-759.
郝文芳,陈存根,梁宗锁,等.2008.植被生物量的研究进展西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),36(2)：175-182.
贺金生,王政权,方精云.2004.全球变化下的地下生态学：问题与展望.科学通报,49(13)：1226-1233.
侯杰,叶功富,张立华.2006.林木根际土壤研究进展.防护林科技,(1)：30-33.
胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,等.2001.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤酶活性的季节性动态研究.北京林业大学学报,23(5)：23-26.
胡正月,胡美蓉,谢日星,等.1999.论赣南脐橙栽培与江西生态果园建设.江西农业科技,(1)：29-32.
胡正月.2004.江西省果业发展现状、问题及对策.江西园艺,(6)：7-9.
胡中民,樊江文,钟华平,等.2005.中国草地地下生物量研究进展.生态学杂志,24(9)：1095-1101.
黄蕾,马卫.2005.合作社---适合江西水果业产业化进程的组织形式.农村展望,(6)：15-17.
黄建辉,韩兴国,陈灵芝.1999.森林生态系统根系生物量研究进展.生态学报,19(2)：270-277.
姜存仓,王运华,刘桂东,等.2009.赣南脐橙叶片黄化及施硼效应研究.植物营养与肥料学报,15(3)：656-661.
蒋秋怡,叶仲节,钱新标,等.1990.杉木根际土壤特性的研究(Ⅰ)杉木根际与非根际土壤化学性质的比较研究.浙江林学院学报,7(2)：122-126.
蒋秋怡,叶仲节,钱新标,等.1991.杉木根际土壤特性的研究(Ⅱ)杉木根际生物化学特性.浙江林学院学报,8(4)：450-456.
李菡,孙爱清,郭恒俊.2010.农田不同种植模式与土壤质量的美系.应用生态学报,21(2)：365-372.
李鹏,赵忠,李占斌,等.2002.植被根系与生态环境相互作用机制研究进展.西北林学院学报,17(2)：26-32.
李港丽,苏润宁,沈隽.1987.几种落叶果树叶内矿质元素含量标准值的研究.同艺学报,14(2)：81-89.
李海波,韩晓增,王风,等.2008.不同土地利用下黑土密度分组中碳、碳的分配变化.土壤学报,45(1)：112-119.
李文革,刘志坚,谭周进,等.2006.土壤酶功能的研究进展.湖南农业科技,(6)：34-36.
李艳平,马冠生.2002.蔬菜、水果的营养与健康.中国食物与营养,(2)：30-32.
厉婉华.1996.栓皮栎、杉木河火炬松根际与非根际土壤氮素及pH差异的研究.南京林业大学学报,20(2)：49-52.
林崇献.2001.土壤与农业地质土壤.广西地质,(1)：41-45.
刘桂东,姜存仓,王运华,等.2010.赣南脐橙果园土壤基本养分含量分析与评价.中国南方果树,39(1)：1-3,8.
刘建军,陈海滨,田呈明,等.1998.秦岭火地塘林区主要树种根际微生态系统土壤性状研究.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,4(3)：52-56.
刘兴良,马钦彦,杨冬生,等.2006.川西山地主要人工林种群根系生物量与生产力.生态学报,26(2)：542-551.
鲁剑魏,陈防,王运华,等.2004.氮磷钾肥对红壤地区幼龄柑橘生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,10(4)：413-418.
鲁如坤.1998.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业科技出版社.
鲁艳红,杨曾平,郑圣先,等.2010.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草堆红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响.应用生态学报,21(4)：921-929.
陆雅海,张福锁.2006.根际微生物研究进展.土壤,38(2)：113-121.
马斌,周志宇,张彩萍,等.2005.超旱生灌木根际土壤磷的含量特征.草业学报,14(3)：106-110.
潘瑞炽,王小菁,李娘辉,编.2001.植物生理学.北京：高等教育出版社.
秦嗣军,吕德国,李作轩,等.2006.樱桃根际土壤酶活性与土壤养分动态变化及其关系研究.土壤通报,37(6)：1175-1178.
史舟,Lark RM.2007.土壤学的新分支---计量土壤学(Pedometrics)的形成与发展.土壤通报,44(5)：919-924.
史继孔.2009.柑橘是人体最需要的水果之一.果农之友,(1)：45.
苏宝玲,韩士杰,王建国.2000.根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展.应用生态学报,11(3)：477-480.
孙波,赵其国.1997.土壤质量与持续环境Ⅳ.土壤质量评价的生物学指标.土壤,(5)：225-234.
汪瑞清,刘仁根,肖运萍,等.2009.水肥耦合对赣南脐橙园脐橙品质的影响.广东农业科学,(6)：86-88.
王涛,冯先桔,张仙平,等.2009.温州蜜柑园土壤养分状况及对果实品质的影响.浙江农业科学,(2)：401-403.
王博文,陈立新.2006.土壤质量评价方法述评.中国水土保持科学,4(2)：120-126.
王树堂,韩士杰,张军辉,等.2010.长白上阔叶洪松林表层土壤木木植物细根生物量及空间分布.应用生态学报,21(3)：583-589.
王艳芬,汪诗平.1999.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响.草地学报,7(3)：198-203.
王振宇,吕金印,李凤民,等.2006.根际沉积及其在植物---土壤碳循环中的作用.应用生态学报,17(1)：1963-1968.
吴统贵,吴明,刘丽,等.2010.杭州湾滨海湿地3种保本植物叶片N、P化学计量学的季节变化.植物生态学报,34(1)：23-28.
肖玲,王开运,张远彬,等.2006.岷江冷杉根际土壤微生物对大气CO2浓度和温度升高的响应.应用生态学报,17(5)：773-777.
肖永鸿,刘晓光,杨斌华,等.2006.浅谈脐橙生产栽培的“八要”和“八改”.中国南方果树,35(2)：7-8.
徐秋芳,钱新标.]998.毛竹根际土壤的化学性质.浙江林学院学报,15(3)：240-243.
徐秋芳.1998.马尾松根际土壤化学性质分析.浙江林学院学报,15(2)：111-126.
徐兴利.2011.义是一年橙香时,赣南脐橙何其多?中国食品,(3)：66-67.
许曼丽.1993.根际研究方法的特点及其进展.土壤,25(6)：307-310.
杨承栋,焦如珍.1999.杉木檫树根际土壤性质变化的研究.林业科学,35(6)：2-9.
杨玉盛,林德喜,李振问,等.1997.杉木细柄阿丁枫混交林根际土壤的研究.福建林学院学报,17(1)：11-15.
叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.2006.不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤养分含量和酶活性动态.水土保持学报,20(4)：86-89.
叶家颖,马承豪,杨爱平,等.2000.月柿根际土壤酶活性的研究.广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),18(4)：82-86.
尹云峰,蔡祖聪,钦绳武.2005.长期施肥条件下潮土不同组分有机质的动态研究.应用生态学报,16(5)：875-878.
宇万太,于永强.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6)：927-932.
袁启凤,陈守一,杨顺煜,等.2009.土壤养分对杂柑品质幼树生量草的影响.贵州农业科学,37(2)：130-131.
岳曼,常庆瑞,王飞,等.2008.土壤有机碳储量研究进展.土壤通报,39(5)：1174-1178.
岳永杰,余新晓,慕长龙,等.2008.岷江上游干旱河谷区人工林根系生物量及分布格局.东北林业大学学报,36(2)：16-18.
曾曙才,苏志尧,陈北光,等.2003.植物根际营养研究进展.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),27(6)：79-83.
詹书侠,陈伏生,胡小飞,等.2009.中亚热带丘陵红壤区森林演替典型阶段土壤氮磷有效性.生态学报,29(9)：4673-4680.
詹媛媛,薜梓瑜,任伟,等.2009.干旱荒漠区不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素的含量特性.生态学报,29(1)：59-67.
张爱民.2006.做强赣南脐橙产业化的对策与建议.江西农业学报,18(6)：218-221.
张德纯,张蘅.2009.水果营养健康.北京：人民卫生出版社.
张福锁,中建波,冯古.2009.根际生态学：过程与调控.北京：中国农业人学出版社.
张福锁主编.1992.土壤与植物营养研究新动态.北京：北京农业大学出版社.
张广莉,宋光煜.1997.根际土壤磷的动态.土壤农化通报,12(2)：39-45.
张其水,俞新妥.1991.连栽杉木林的根系研究.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(4)：374-379.
张香凝,孙向阳,王保平,等.2007Larrea tridentata地径、根系及枝相关关系的研究.西北林学院学报,22(4)：35-38.
张心昱,陈利顶.2006.土壤质量评价指标体系与评价方法研究进展与展望.水土保持研究,13(3)：30-34.
张学利,杨树军,刘亚萍,等.2004.章古台古沙林主要树种根际土壤性质研究.中国沙漠,24(])：72-76.
张学利,杨树军,张百习,等.2005.不同林龄樟子松根际与非根际土壤的对比.福建林学院学报,25(1)：80-84.
张学利,杨树军,张百习.2002.我国林木根际土壤研究进展.沈阳农业大学学报,33(6)：461-465.
章明德.2005.重视蔬菜生产,关心人们生活---关于德兴发展蔬菜生产的几点建议.江西园艺,(1)：23-25.
章秀福,王丹英,符冠富,等.2006.南方稻田保护性耕作的研究进展与研究对策.土壤通报,37(2)：346-351.
钟厚.2005.脐橙平衡施肥技术.中国农技推广,(7)：43.
周礼恺主编.1989.土壤酶学.北京：科学出版社.
庄伊美.1994.柑橘营养与施肥.北京：中国农业出版社,106-215.
Adamas MB, campbell RG, Allen HL, et al.1987. Root and foliar nutrient concentrations in loblolly pine:Effects of season. Forest Science,33(4):984-996.
Aerts R, Chapin FS Ⅲ.2000. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research,30:1-67.
Amann, RI, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH.1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological and Molecular Biology Reviews,59(1):143-169.
Andersen T, Hessen DO.1991. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of freshwater zooplankton. Limnology and Oceanography,36:807-814.
Badiane NNY, Chotte JL, Pate E, et al.2001. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions. Applied Soil Ecology,18: 229-238.
Bandick AK, Dick RP.1999. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,31:1471-1479.
Benoit C, Nicolas B, Francois C, et al.2003. A cyclical but asynchronous pattern of fine root and woody biomass production in a hardwood forest of southern Quebec and its relationships with annual variation of temperature and nutrient availability. Plant and Soil,250:49-57.
Berntson GM, Woodward FI.1992. The root system architecture and development of Senecio vulgaris in elevated CO2 and drought. Functional Ecology,6(3):324-333.
Binkley D, Hart SC.1989. The components of nitrogen availability assessments in forest soils. Advances in Soil Science,10:57-111.
Burns RG, Dick, RP.2001. Enzymes in the environment: activity, ecology, and applications. Marcel Dekker. Inc., New York.
Burns RG.1978. Soil Enzymes. London: Academic Press.
Caldwell MM, Richards JH.1986. Competing root system: morphology and models of absorption. In: Givnish TJ,(Eds). On the Economy of Plant Form and Function. Cambrige:Cambrige University Press,251-273.
Cardon ZG, Whitbeck JL.2007. The Rhizosphere:An ecological perspective. Boston:Elsevier Academic Press.
Chapin Ⅲ FS, Vitousek PM, Cleve KV.1986. The nature of nutrient limitation in plant communities. The American Naturalist,127(1):148-158.
Chen GS, Zeng DH, Chen FS.2004. Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients of Pinus sp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land northeast China. Journal of Forestry Research,15(1):11-18.
Chesters G, Attoe OJ, Allen ON.1957. Soil aggregation in relation to various soil constituents. Soil Science Society of America Journal,21:212-211.
Compton JS, Mallinson DJ, Glenn CR, et at.2000. Variations in the global phosphorus cycle. In: Glenn CR ed. Marine Authigensis:From Global to Microbial. Society of Sedimentary Geology,66:21-33.
Copley J.2000. Ecology goes underground. Nature,406:452-454.
Cottrell MT, Waidner LA, Yu L, et al.2005. Bacterial diversity of metagenomic and PCR libraries from the Delaware River. Environmental Microbiology,7(12):1883-1895.
Cudlin P, Kieliszewska-Rokicka B, Rudawska M, el al.2007. Fine root and ectomycorrhizas as indicators of environmental change. Plant Biosystems,141(3):406-425.
Curl EA, Truelove B.1986. The Rhizosphere. Springer-Verlag, Berlin:Heidelberg New York.
Daniel R.2004. The soil metagenome-a rich resource for the discovery of novel natural products. Environmental Biotechnology,15:199-204.
De Camargo PB, Trumbore SE, Martinelli LZA, et al. Soil carbon dynamics in regrowing forest of eastern Amazornia. Global Change Biology,5(6):693-702.
Diamantidis G, Effosse A, Potier P, et al.2000. Purification and characterization of the front bacterial laccase in the rhizospheric bacterium Azospirillum lipoferum. Soil Biology & Biochemistry.32:919-927.
Dick RP.1994. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality. In:Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF, et al. (Eds.), Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison: Soil Science Society of American,107-124.
Ditzler CA, Tugel AJ.2002. Soil Quality Field Tools:Experiences of USDA—NRCS Soil Quality Institute. Agronomy Journal,94(1):33-38.
Doran JW, Jones AJ.1996. Methods for assessing soil quality. Special Publication, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI,49:410.
Doran JW, Parkin TB.1994. Defining and assessing soil quality. In: Doran JW, (Eds). Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of American Publication. Madison Wisconsin, USA, (35):3-21.
Doran JW, Zeiss MR.2000. Soil health and sustainability:managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology,15:3-11.
Elser JJ, Dobberfuhl DR, MacKay NA, et al.1996. Organism size, life history, and N:P stoichiometry:towards a unified view of cellular and ecosystem processes. BioScience,46(9): 674-684.
Fox TR, Comcrford NB.1992. Rhizosphere phosphatase activity and phosphatase hydrolyzable organic phosphorus in two forested spodosols. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,24(6):579-583.
Garg S, Bah1 GS.2008. Phosphorus availability to maize as influenced by organic manures and fertilizer P associated phosphatase activity in soils. Bioresource Technology,99:5773-5777.
Gianfreda L, Rao MA, Piatrowska A, et al.2005. Soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations:intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution. Science of the Total Environment,341:265-279.
Gillespie AR, Pope PE.1990. Rhizosphere acidification increases phosphorus recovery of black locust:Ⅱ. model preductions and measured recovery. Soil Science Society of America Journal,54:538-541.
Gobran GR, Clegg S, Courchesne F.1998. Rhizospheric processes influencing the biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems. Biogeochemistry,42:107-320.
Greenhanm DWP.1995. The environment of the fruit tree:Managing fruit soils. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,12:25-31.
Greenwood DJ, Gerwitz A, Stone DA, et al.1982. Root development of vegetable crops. Plant and Soil,68:75-96.
Gusewell S.2004. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance. New phylologist,164(2):243-266.
Hanson PJ, Edwards NT, Garten CT, et al.2000. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry,48:115-146.
Hedley MJ, Nye PH, White RE.1982. Plant-induced changes in the rhizosphere of rape(Brassica Napus var. Emerald) seedlings Ⅱ origin of the pH change. New Phytologist,91(1):31-44.
Hendricks JJ, Aber JD, Nadellhoffer KL, et al.2000. Nitrogen controls on fine root substrate quality in temperate forest ecosystems. Ecosystems,3:57-69.
Hessen DO, Agren GI, Anderson TR, et al.2004. Carbon sequestration in ecosystems:the role of stoichiometry. Ecology,85(5):1179-1192.
Hessen DO.1997. Stoichiometry in food webs-Lotka revisited. Oikos,79(1):195-200.
Islam KR, Weil RR.2000. Soil quality indicator properties in mid-Atlantic soils as influenced by conservation management. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Society,50(1):69-78.
Jackson RB, Canadell J, Ehleringer JR, et al.1996. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia,108(3):389-411.
Jordan CF, Escalante G.1980. Root productivity in an amazonian rain forest. Ecology,61(1): 14-18.
Karlen DL, Mausbach MJ, Doran JW, et al.1997. Soil quality:a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Science Society of American Journal,61:4-10.
Kellogg LE, Bridgham SD.2003. Phosphorus retention and movement across an ombrotrophic minerotrophic peatland gradient. Biogeochemistry,63:299-315.
Kiss S, Pasca D, Dragan-Bularda M.1998. Enzymology of Disturbed Soils. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Koerselman W, Meuleman AFM.1996. The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology,33:1441-1450.
Lal R.2004. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma,123:1-22.
Loveland P, Webb J.2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions:a review. Soil & Tillage Research,70:1-18.
Marcelle R.1995. Mineral nutrition and fruit quality. ISHS Acta Horticulturae,383:219-226.
Martens DA, Johanson JB, Frankenberger WTJR.1992. Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated additions of organic residues. Soil Science,153:53-61.
McNaughton SJ, Banyikwa FF, McNaughton MM.1998. Root biomass and productivity in a grazing ecosystem:the serengeti. Ecology,79(2):587-592.
Mohsin M, Alfonzo MM.1990. Transactions of 14th ICSS. Kyoto (Japan),3(3):235-236.
Mooney HA, Vitousek PV, Matson PA.1987. Exchange of materials between terresrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Science,238:926-932.
Moreira D, Valera FR, Garcia PL.2004. Analysis of a genome fragment of a deep-sea uncultivated Group Ⅱ euryarchaeote containing 16S rDNA, a spectinomycin-like operon and several energy metabolism genes. Environmental Microbiology,6(9):959-969.
Morel C, Hinsinger, P.1999. Root-induced modifications of the exchange of phosphate ion between soil solution and soild phase. Plant and soil,211:103-110.
Nye PH, Tinker PB.1977. Solute movement in the soil-root system. California: University of California Press.
Olander LP, Vitousek PM.2000. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry,49:175-190.
Pace NR.1997. A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science,276:734-740.
Pandey A, Palni LMS.1996. The rhizosphere effect of tea on soil microbes in a Himalayan monsoonal location. Biology and Fertility of Soils,21:131-137.
Paterson E.2003. Importance of rhizodeposition in the coupling of plant and microbial productivity. European Journal of Soil Science,53:741-750.
Persson H.1990. Methods of studying root dynamics in relation to nutrient cycling. In: Harrison AF, Ineson P, Heal OW, (Eds). Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems:field methods, application and interpretation. London and New York:Elsevier Applied Science.
Phillips R, Fahey TJ.2007. Fertilization effects on fine root biomass, rhizosphere microbes and respiratory fluxes in hardwood forest soils. New Phytologist,176:655-664.
Phillips RP, Fahey TJ.2006. Tree species and mycorrhizal associations influence the magnitude of rhizosphere effects. Ecology,87(5):1302-1313.
Phillips RP, Fahey TJ.2008. The influence of soil fertility on rhizosphere effects in Northern Hardwood forest soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal,72:453-461.
Prosser Jl.2002. Molecular and functional diversity in soil micro-organisms. Plant and Soil,244: 9-17.
Pu M, Mitchell RJ, Jones RH.1997. Root distribution of two tree species under a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Journal of Applied Ecology,34:645-656.
Rappe MS, Giovannoni SJ.2003. The uncultured microbial majority. Annual Reviews of Microbiology,57:369-394.
Ricsenfeld CS, Schloss PD, Handelsman J.2004. Metagenomics:Genomic Analysis of Microbial Communities. Annual Review of Genetics,38:525-552.
Riley D, Barber SA.1969. Bicarbonate accumulation and pⅡ changes at the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root-soil interface. Soil Science Society of America Journal,33:905-908.
Riley D, Barber SA.1970. Salt accumulation at the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root-soil interface. Soil Science Society of America Journal,34:154-155.
Rogers HH, Peterson CM, Mccrimmon JN, et al.1996. Response of plant root to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant, Cell & Environment,15(6):749-752.
Rondon MR, August PR, Bettermann AD, et al.2000. Cloning the soil metagenome: a strategy for accessing the genetic and functional diversity of uncultured microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,66(6):2541-2547.
Rovira AD.1991. Rhizosphere research-85 years of progress and frustration. In:Keister DL, Cregan PB, (Eds.). The rhizosphere and plant growth. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands:3-13.
Sainju UM, Good RE.1993. Vertical root distribution in relation to soil properties in New Jersey PinelandS forests. Plant and Soil,50:87-97.
Smiley RW, Cook RJ.1973. Relationship between take-all of wheat and rhizosphere pH in soils fertilized with Ammonium vs. Nitrate-Nitrogen. Phytopathology,63:882-890.
Speir TW, Cowling JC.1991. Phosphatase activities of pasture plants and soils: relationship with plant productivity and soil P fertility induces. Biology and Fertility of Soils,12:189-194.
Staben ML, Bezdicek DF, Smith JL, et al.1997. Assessment of soil quality in conservation reserve propgram and wheat-fallow soils. Soil Science Society of American,61:124-130.
Starkey RL.1958. Interrelations between microorganisms and plant roots in the rhizosphere. Bacteriological Reviews,22(3):154-172.
Stone EL, Kalisz PJ.1991. On the maximum extent of tree roots. Forest Ecology and Management, 46:59-102.
Strom, L.1997. Root exudation of organic acids:importance to nutrient availability and the calcifuge and calcicole behaviour of plants. Oikos,80(3):459-466.
Vitousek PM, Howarth RW.1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur?. Biogeochemistry,13:87-115.
Vogt KA, Publicover DA, Bloomfield J, et al.1993. Belowground responses as indicators of environmental change. Environmengtal and Experimental Botany,33(1):189-205.
Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Palmiotto PA, et al.1996. Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species. Plant and Soil,187:159-219.
Wassen MJ, Olde Venterink HGM, de Swart EOAM.1995. Nutrient concentrations in mire vegetation as a measure of nutrient limitation in mire ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science,6:5-16.
Yannarell AC, Triplett EW.2005. Geographic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Lake Bacterial Community Composition. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,71(1): 227-239.
Zhang LX, Bai YF, Man XG.2004. Differential responses of N:P stoichiometry of Leymus chinensis and Carex korshinskyi to N addition in a steppe ecosystem in Nei Mongol. Acta Botanica Sinica.46(3):259-270.