用户名: 密码: 验证码:
大尺寸复杂零件反求关键技术研究及应用
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
经过多年来的发展,反求工程作为先进制造技术的一个重要研究领域,其理论研究不断深入,应用范围不断扩大,在CAD/CAM系统中的独立研究分支地位不断加强,各国都将其作为提升产品创新设计和制造水平的重要途径之一。
     本文以新疆自治区“十一五”重大科技专项“制造业信息化工程”和高校科研重点项目“巨大尺寸复杂零件逆向重构研究及应用”为背景,以大尺寸复杂零件:风机叶片、石油钻头、采棉机摘锭为对象,就反求过程中的关键技术进行了理论研究和实践应用两个方面的工作。
     与一般零件的反求过程相比较,大尺寸复杂零件的反求过程即有相似性又有一定的特殊性。本文深入研究了包括数字化测量方法、点云数据精简、复杂曲面重构等在内的反求工程中各项关键技术,在对各环节采用的方法进行总结的基础上进行了改进和创新,以适应大尺寸复杂零件的反求特点。在数字化测量与数据处理方面,本文主要研究了光学扫描测量的方法和原理,提出了针对大尺寸复杂零件的具体测量方法及测量路径规划原则;以点云数据处理方面,以该领域内常用的包围盒法、随机采样法、均匀栅格法等数据简化算法为基础,本文提出了一种基于曲率变化的数据简化算法。该算法可以在均匀与非均匀分布的点云内搜索各点邻域并估算曲率,根据曲率实现点云精简。通过对具有复杂曲面的石油钻头点云的精简实验,获得了较为理想的简化结果;模型重构方面,在研究三角Bézier曲面重构和四边域上标准的NURBS参数曲面重构两种方法的基础上,提出了改进的三维空间划分算法,并以此为基础利用Coons曲面作为过渡曲面,将三角Bézier曲面转化为NURBS曲面,提高了曲面重构的灵活性和适应性,同时保留了与CAD/CAM系统良好的兼容性。
     在反求工程技术的实践应用方面,本文结合新疆地区特色,利用相关数字化测量设备及数字化技术、曲面重构技术完成了风电行业大尺寸零件—风机叶片的数字化测量,完成了石油钻采工具—石油钻头的反求,完成了农业机械—采棉机的关键部件摘锭的反求。
     此外,根据新疆大型采棉机关键零部件国产化的实际需求,将反求工程的思想应用于关键零部件—摘锭的材料反求,通过对摘锭实体内部材料电子扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱的检测,反求出了其材料的成分,为进一步提高摘锭的工作性能,利用快速成型等先进制造技术进行制造提供了重要参考依据。
Reverse engineering is an important research area of advanced manufacturingtechnology. With its further theoretical research and gradually expanding applied range, RE,as an independent research branch in CAD/CAM, is one important way to improve productinnovative design and enhance manufacturing level.
     This dissertation majors in two aspects of work about the technology of process of RE:theoretical research and practical application with the blade of wind turbine, oil drill, andcotton picking ingot as research objects.
     Compared to the reverse process of common parts, large-scale complex parts’ reversetechnology has certain particularity. This dissertation conducts research on the keytechnologies of RE and summarized digital method for measuring and simplified point clouddata as well as the reconstruction of complex surface. On this basis, this dissertation developsan improved method and innovative research on RE technology in order to accommodatereverse large-scale complex parts. In digital measurement and data processing, thisdissertation focuses on measurement methods and principles of the optical scanning and putsforward specific measurement method for large-scale complex parts and planningmeasurement path and achieves the measurement example of large-scale complex part as well.Based on such common methods in the field of point cloud data processing as bounding boxmethod, random sampling method and uniform grid method etc, this dissertation presents adata simplified algorithm based on curvature variation. This algorithm can search each pointneighborhood and estimate curvature in uniform and non-uniform point cloud as well assimplify point cloud data according to curvature values. Though processing point cloud dataof Oil drill with complex surface, the algorithm is approved to be valid ensuring the accuracyof surface reconstruction. In model reconstruction, this dissertation puts forward an improved3D space division algorithm based on Bézier and NURBS parameters surface reconstruction. The method uses Coons surface as transition surface and transforms Bézier surface intoNURBS surface. Therefore, it enhances the flexibility and adaptability of surfacereconstruction and remains better versatility with CAD/CAM system.
     In applied reverse technology, combined with distinguishing region characteristics inXinjiang, this dissertation completes digital measurement for wind turbine blades that islarge-scale complex parts in wind turbine industry using such technologies as digitalmeasurement and surface reconstruction. In the same way, reverse Oil drill and reverse cottonpicking ingot are achieved.
     In addition, according to the practical requirements and demands of key partslocalization of large-scale cotton picker, reverse technology is applied to reverse material ofcotton picking ingot. Through the detection of energy spectrum for internal material of cottonpicking ingot, the reverse material chemical composition of cotton picking ingot and its heattreatment process are obtained. These contribute to enhance cotton picking ingot’s workingperformance and provide important reference for rapid prototype.
引文
[1] http://miit.ccidnet.com/art/38395/20080408/1413267_1.html.
    [2]赵汝嘉.CAD基础理论及应用[M].西安:西安交通大学,1995.
    [3]谭昌柏.逆向工程中基于特征的实体模型重建关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2004.
    [4]王胜玉.自由曲面重构关键技术的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
    [5]慈瑞梅.基于CMM测量数据的曲面重构关键技术研究与实现[D].南京:南京理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
    [6]屈伟平.我国模具制造业发展现状作、存在的问题及对策[J].模具技术,2006,5:59-63.
    [7]陈辉.高速列车制动盘/片动态失效机理及其材料逆向设计方法研究[J].学术动态,2008:02.
    [8]金涛,陈建良,童水光.逆向工程技术研究进展[J].中国机械工程,13(16):1430-1436.
    [9]张舜德,朱东波,卢秉恒.反求工程中三维几何形状测量及数据预处理[J].机电工程技术,2001(1):7-10.
    [10]史桂荣,邢渊,张永清.反向工程数据获取和几何建模方法[J].机械科学与技术,2000,9(s1):161-163.
    [11]王宏涛.现代测量方法在逆向工程数据采集技术中的应用[J].航空计测技术,2003,23(4):1-4.
    [12]黄小平等.逆向工程中的建模技术[J].中国机械工程,2001,5:539-542.
    [13]张丽艳.逆向工程中模型重建关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2001.
    [14] http://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C13284.htm.
    [15] CHANA H V,BRADLEYB C,VICKERSB W G.A multi sensor approach to automatingco-ordinate measuring machine-based reverse engineering[J].Computers in Industry,2001(44):105-115.
    [16] FAN Chao-kuang,TSAI H T. Optimal shape error analysis of the matching image for afree-form surface[J].Robotics andComputer Integrated Manufacturing,2001(17):215-222.
    [17] CHOW J,XU T,LEE M S,et al. Development of an integrated laser—based reverseengineering and machining system[J].INTJ ADV Manuf Technol,2002(19):186-191.
    [18]王立吉.在线测量及其进展.现代计量测试[J],1995,3(1):3-11.
    [19]邹定海,叶声华.用于在线测量的视觉监测系统.仪器仪表学报[J],1995,16(4):338-341.
    [20]费斌,梁平镇.逆向工程专用设备的发展现状及Laser-RE三维激光扫描机[J].模具制早,2002(1):39-41.
    [21] VARADY T, MARTIN R, COX J.Reverse engineering of geometric models-anintroduction[J].Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(4):255-268.
    [22] BESL J P,MCKAY D N.A method of registration of3-D shapes[J].IEEE Transaction onPattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1992,14(2):239-255.
    [23]赵作智,林享,时晓明.采用能量方程优化零件数据模型[J].机械设计与制造,2000(2):24-26.
    [24]彭芳瑜,周云飞,周济.基于广义能量法的曲面光顺[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(2):5-8.
    [25] TAUBIN G.Geometric signal processing on polygonal meshes[C].Eurographics'2000-State ofthe Art Report.Switzerland,[S.l.]:[s.n.],2000.
    [26] VOLLMER J,MENCL R,MULLER H.Improved laplacian smoothing of noisy surfacemeshes[J].Computer Graphics Forum(Proc. Eurographics1999),1999,18(3):131-138.
    [27] KARBACHER S, HAUSLER G.A new approach for modeling and smoothing of scattered3d data[J].Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications(Proceedings of Spie),1998,3313(1):168-177.
    [28] Lee K H, Woo H, Suk T.Data Reduction Methods for Reverse Engineering[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2001,17(10):735-743.
    [29] Hamman B.A Data Reduction Scheme for Triangulation Surfaces[J].Computer AidedGeometric Design,1994,11:197-214.
    [30] LINA C, CHEN C F.Point-data Processing and Error Analysis in ReverseEngineering[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,1998,14(11):824-834.
    [31] Gu P,Yan X.Neural network approach to the reconstruction of freeform surfaces for reverseengineering[J].Computer AidedDesign,1995,27(1):55-64.
    [32]张丽艳,周儒荣,周来水.三角网格模型孔洞修补算法研究[J].应用科学学报,2002,20(3):221-224.
    [33] Pfeifle R, Seidel H P.Triangular B-Splines for Blending and Filling of PolygonalHoles[C].In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface'96,1996, Toronto, Canada.Page:186-193.
    [34]杜佶.径向基函数在逆向工程中的应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2005.
    [35] W Sun,C Bradley,Y FZhang,H T Loh.Cloud data modeling employing a unified,non—redundant triangularmesh[J].ComputerAided Design,2001,33(1):183-193.
    [36]苏海,杨跃尘等.快速原型制造技术中的反求工程[J].昆明理大学学报,2001,(4):68—72.
    [37] Barnhill R E,Gregory J A.Polynomial interpolation to boundary data on triangles[J].J.Approx.Theory.1975,16(4):214-225.
    [38] Farin G.Design C1surfaces consisting of triangular cubicpatches[J].Computer-AidedDesign,1982,14(4):253-256.
    [39] Farin G.Triangular Bernstein-Bzier patches[J].Computer Aided Geometric Design,1986,3(1):83-127.
    [40]柯映林等.散乱数据几何造型技术及其应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,1992.
    [41] Chen Xin, Schmitt Francis.Surface modeling of range data by constrainedtriangulation[J].Computer Aided Design,1994,26(8):632-645.
    [42] Hyungjun Park, Kwangsoon Kim.Smooth surface approximation to serialcross-sections[J].Computer Aided Design,1996,28(12):995—1005.
    [43] Hugnes Hoppe.Surface Reconstruction from Unorganized Points[D].University ofWashington,1994.
    [44]周儒荣,张丽艳,苏旭等.海量散乱点的曲面重建算法研究.软件学报,2001,12(2):249-255.
    [45] H Hoppe,T Derose.T Duehamp et a1.MeshOptimization[J].Computer Graphics,1993:26-29.
    [46] P Veron,J C Leon.Static polyhedron simplification using error measurements[J].ComputerAided Design,1997,29(4):287-298
    [47]周来水,张乐年,周儒荣. NURBS造型方法的研究与实现[J].计算机辅助工程,1996,5(4):1-11.
    [48]周来水,张乐年,周儒荣. NURBS曲面的过渡曲面生成[J].工程图学学报,1996,总第26期:52-57.
    [49] Zhang Lenian, Zhou Laishui, Zhou Rurong. Research on NURBS skinning surface viacomplex curves[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,1996,9(2):104-110.
    [50]张乐年,周来水,周儒荣.NURBS双向蒙皮造型方法的研究与实现[J].软件学报,1997,8(6):470-474.
    [51]沈庆云,周来水,张乐年,周儒荣.一种NURBS曲面的裁剪方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1997,29(2):138~144.
    [52] Eck M, Hoppe H. Automatic reconstruction of B-spline surfaces of arbitrarytopologicaltype[J]. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH’96Proceedings)1996,30:325-333.
    [53] Eck M, Hoppe H. Automatic reconstruction of B-spline surfaces of arbitrary topologicaltype[C].In Proceedings of the23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and InteractiveTechniques. New Orleans,1996:325-333.
    [54] Zhang L, Zhou R, Zhu J,et al. Piecewise B-spline surfaces fitting to arbitrary trianglemeshes[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology.2002,51(1):131-134.
    [55] Branch JW,Prieto F,Boulanger P.Automatic extraction of quadrilateral patches fromtriangulated surface using Morse theory[C].In Proceedings of the16th International MeshingRoundtable.Washington,2008:190-212.
    [56] Huang J,Zhang M,Ma J,et al.Spectral quadrangulation with orientation and alignmentcontrol[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics.2008,27(5):1-9.
    [57]邱彦杰.反向工程中自动精确模型重建的关键技术研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.
    [58] Ma W,Kruth J P.Parametrization of randomly measured points for least squares fitting ofB-Spline curves and surfaces[J].Computer-Aided Design.1995,27(9):663-675.
    [59] Floater M S.Parametrization and smooth approximation of surface triangulations[J].ComputerAided Geometric Design.1997,14(3):231-250.
    [60] Milroy M J,Bradley C,Vickers G W,Weir D J.G1continuity of B-spline surface patchesin reverse engineering[J].Computer-Aided Design.1995,27(6):471-478.
    [61] Vieira M, Shimada K.Surface extraction from point-sampled data through regiongrowing[J].International Journal of CAD/CAM.2005,5(1):19-27.
    [62] Kruth J P,Kerstens A.Reverse engineering modeling of free-form surfaces from pointclouds subject to boundary conditions[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology.1998,76:120-127.
    [63]崔汉锋,马维垠,林奕鸿,周济.多个曲面拓扑模型及光滑重建方法的研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(10):740-745.
    [64]陈廉清,王龙山,王乔冠.基于NURBS自由曲面重构的精度分析[J].农业机械学报,2003,37(3):130-133.
    [65]张鹏,肖金,程永奇.面向逆向工程模型重构的特征技术及其特征模块的开发[J].机床与液压,2009,37(7):21-23.
    [66]Hakala D G, Hillyard R C,Malraison P F,Nource G F.Natural quadrics inmechanicaldesign, SIGGRAPH Seminar:Solid odeling, Dallas,TX,1981.
    [67] Motavalli S.Review of reverse engineering approaches[C].In Proceedings of the23rdInternational Conference onComputers and Industrial Engineering.1998,35(1-2):25-28.
    [68] Thompson WB, Owen JC, Stark SR, et al. Feature-based reverse engineering ofmechanical parts[J].IEEE Transactions on obotics and Automation.1999,15(1):57-66.
    [69] Huang JB.Geometric feature extraction and model reconstruction from unorganized points forreverse engineering of echanical parts with arbitrary topology[D].PhD dissertation of the OhioState University,2001.
    [70] Li M,Langbein FC,Martin RR.Detecting design intent in approximate CAD models usingsymmetry[J]. Computer-Aided design.2010,42(3):183-201.
    [71] Barbero BR.The recovery of design intent in reverse engineering problems[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering.2009,56(4):1265-1275.
    [72] Owen J C,Sloan P J,Thompson W B.Interactive feature-based reverse engineering ofmechanical parts[C].Proceedings of the ARPA Image Understanding Workshop,November,1994.
    [73] Germain H J,Stark S R,Thompson W B,Henderson T C.Constraint optimization andfeature-based model construction for reverse engineering[J], Proceedings of the ARPA ImageUnderstanding Workshop,1997.
    [74] Thompson W B,Owen J C,Germain H J,et al.Feature-Based reverse engineering ofmechanical parts[J],IEEE Trans.Robotics and Automation,1999,15(1):57-66.
    [75] Huang JB. Geometric feature extraction and model reconstruction from unorganized pointsfor reverse engineering of mechanical parts with arbitrary topology[D].PhD dissertation of theOhio State University,2001.
    [76]刘云峰.基于截面特征的反求工程CAD建模关键技术研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2006.
    [77] Ke Y,Fan S,Zhu W,et al.Feature-based reverse modeling strategies[J]. Computer-AidedDesign.2006,38(5):485-506.
    [78]黄运保.测量点集曲面重建若干关键技术研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2004.
    [79]邢渊.集成反向工程系统及其关键技术的研究[D].上海交通大学博士学位论文,1998.
    [80] http://www.cnr.cn/newscenter/gnxw/201106/t20110624_508135187.shtml.
    [81]赵勇等.复杂轮廓表面检测及三维重构技术的研究[J].光学技术,2002(2):172-173.
    [82]郭东明等.反求工程中基于图像灰度信息的三维曲面重构[J].机械工程学报,2003(1):47-50.
    [83]元利伟,李明辉.面向层析测量反求工程的自由曲面轮廓集分割技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003(5):622-630.
    [84]安军等.基于新颖曲面测量技术下的自由曲面建模方法[J].华南理工大学学报,1999(9):32-34.
    [85]孙文磊,黄艳华.大尺寸复杂零件逆向重构再设计应用研究[J],新疆大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):12-15,2007.
    [86]王宏涛等.现代测量方法在逆向工程数据采集技术中的应用[J].航空计测技术,2003(4):1-4.
    [87]杨志文,徐荣伟.大尺寸工程型面检测[J].长春理工大学学报,2002(6):13-15.
    [88]谢雪冬,肖胜兵,牛曙光,车向前.ATOS扫描仪对汽车的扫描测量[J],现代制造工程,2009(8):94-97.
    [89] Chen Y H,NG CT,Wang Y Z.Data reduction in integrated reverse engineering and rapidprototyping [J].International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1999,12(2):97-103.
    [90] Lee K H, Woo H, Suk T. Data reduction methods for reverse engineering[J].TheInternational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2001,(17):735-743.
    [91]上官建林,郭三刺.反求工程中数据精简技术的研究[J].机械管理开发,2011,4(122):16-20.
    [92]史宝全,梁晋等.特征保持的点云精简技术研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2010,11(44):37-40.
    [93] Filip D, Magedson R, Markot R.Surface algorithms using bounds onderivatives[J].Computer Aided Geometric Design,1986,3(2):295-311.
    [94]刘涛,徐铮,沙成梅,赵俊天.基于包围盒法的散乱点云数据的曲率精简[J].北京机械大学学报,2009,24(1):17-20.
    [95] Martin R R,Stroud I A,Mashall A D.Data reduction for reverse engineering[R].RECCAD,Deliverable Document1COPERUNICUS project,no.1068,Computer and automation Instituteof Hungarian Academy of Science, January1996:63-69.
    [96]熊邦书,何明一,俞华.三维散乱数据的k个最近邻域快速搜索算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(7):909-912.
    [97] Vanco M,Brunnett G,Schreiber T.A hashing strategy for efficient k-nearest neighborscomputation[C],Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics.Canmore:
    [s.n.],1999:120-128.
    [98] Goodsell G.On finding k nearest neighbors of scattered points in two dimensions[J],Computer Aided Geometric Design.2000,17(4):387-392.
    [99]朱冒冒,冯祖军,郭建华,鞠鲁粤.三维散乱栅格法在数据点云精简中的应用[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2005,11(3):242-246.
    [100]耿国华,周明全.一种从空间物体到八叉树转换的简洁算法[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),1996,26(4):289-292.
    [101]刘春明,方漪.寻找三维散乱数据点拓扑结构的一种算法[J].青岛大学学报,2003,18(3):20-24.
    [102]陈伟,刘肖琳.一种快速三维散乱点云的三角剖分算法[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(9):338-341.
    [103] B Cho,i H Shin. Triangulation of scattered data in3D space[J].CAD,1988,20(8):239-248.
    [104] F Bernardin,i JMittleman.The BallPivotingAlgorithm for Surface Reconstruction[C].InProceedings of ICCV,2007.
    [105] M Gop,i S Krishnan.Surface Reconstruction based on Lower Dimensional LocalizedDelaunay Triangulation[C].In Proceedings of Eurographics2000,19(3).
    [106]董辰世,汪国昭.一个利用法矢的散乱点三角剖分算法[J].计算机学报,2005,28(6):1000-1005.
    [107]赵杰,程晓亮.一种新的空间离散点集的直接三角剖分方法[J].机械工程师,2006,11(4):46-48.
    [108]冀世军,王扬,吕汉明.三角形网格多面体空间四边界区域的数据参数化[J],吉林大学学报(工学版),2009,l39(2):458-462.
    [109]刘志刚.基于三角曲面的NURBS重构及其局部变形技术的研究[D].杭州,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2000.
    [110]张丽艳,聂军洪,周来水,周儒荣.自适应三角网格模型重新布点算法的研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(3):204-208.
    [111]张莉,檀结庆,时军,董致远.带权Bernstein基的对偶基函数在等距逼近中的应用[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2011,23(12):1987-1993.
    [112]贾明,吕震,柯映林.基于多分辨率模型的三角曲面特征线辨识技术[J],中国图象图形学报,2002,l7(10):1043-1047.
    [113]袁超.Coons曲面生成算法研究与实现[J],四川理工学院学报(自然科学版),2010,23(5):557-561.
    [114]魏煜锋.风力发电机组叶片三维模型自动成型系统的开发与研究[D].乌鲁木齐,新疆大学硕士学位论文,2010.
    [115]任颂赞.钢铁金相图谱[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700