径向柱塞水泵润滑及密封结构的分析与研究
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摘要
油田注水是开发油田的常用手段之一,它对提高原油采收率以及油田的高产起到了积极的作用。大部分的油田注水泵为离心泵,但是当油田注水压力较高,流量要求并不是很大的时候,采用离心泵会导致能耗加大。径向柱塞水泵依靠着高压力、高效率等优点,得到较好的应用。但是径向柱塞水泵也会存在着密封与润滑方面的问题,影响着水泵的效率、可靠性、寿命。
本文首先论述了常用类型水泵的适用范围,将几种类型的水泵的性能特点做出对比,确定了径向柱塞水泵在油田注水领域的应用,随后对国内外典型的容积式泵的结构进行分析,通过分析它们的优缺点以及油田注水用泵所需要的要求来确定对径向柱塞水泵的设计要领,分析了径向柱塞水泵的整体布局,对柱塞、滑靴、水阀等关键零部件进行设计分析。
密封与润滑条件的状况直接影响着径向柱塞水泵的使用寿命,本文首先介绍了常用的密封类型及密封材料,在密封结构上,采用了油水分离式三级密封结构,采用的密封方法是组合式密封,密封件是由一个填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料的阶梯形密封环和一个国标0形橡胶圈组合而成,该密封手段具有良好的密封性,安全可靠,使用寿命长,抗挤出性能优越。在润滑方式上,由于采用的是油水分离的结构,柱塞、水阀等零部件是采用水润滑方式,而摩擦最为严重的滑靴则采用通过引入高压油进行油润滑,而滑靴也采用了静压支承的结构,这种结构能更好的缓解滑靴副摩擦磨损严重的问题,并对关键摩擦副的材料进行选取。随后对滑靴静压支承性能进行分析,包括油膜的厚度、支承刚度、支承泄漏流量及支承功率损失等,并通过与计算机仿真相结合,选取出最优的半径比系数和压降系数,使滑靴获得较好的静压支承性能。
文章最后给出了径向柱塞水泵的两个最主要的技术参数,即压力和流量,并对驱动电机进行选型,通过计算与分析,确定选用型号为Y315L1-8的Y系列三相异步电机。最后对高压油供油系统的液压系统作出简要阐述,采用的是循环供油的方式,并给出液压原理图,结合液压相关的知识,选择CBF-E10型齿轮泵。
Oilfield water injection is one of the common means of developing oil fields, it is to improve the high yield of oil recovery and oil field has played a positive role. Most of the oil injection pump is a centrifugal pump, but when the oil field water pressure is high, the flow requirement is not too great when using the centrifugal pump will cause energy consumption to increase. The radial piston pumps rely on the advantages of high pressure, high efficiency, to get a better application. The radial piston pumps also there are aspects of the sealing and lubrication affect the efficiency of the pump, reliability, longevity.
This paper first discusses the scope of application of the commonly used types of pumps, the performance characteristics of several types of pumps to make the contrast, the radial piston pump in oil field water, then the structure of the domestic and international typical positive displacement pumpanalysis, by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses as well as oil field water requirements needed by the pump to determine the overall layout of design essentials radial piston pumps, radial piston pumps piston slipper valveThe key components design and analysis.
Status sealing and lubrication conditions directly affect the life of the radial piston pump, the paper first introduces the common types of seals and seal materials in a sealed structure, using the oil-water separator three sealing structure, the sealing ismodular seal, the seal is filled by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) the combination of material ladder rubber O-ring seals and a GB circle is formed, the sealing means has a good seal, safe and reliable, long life,The anti-extrusion superior performance. As a result of the structure, plunger, valves and other parts of the oil-water separator water lubrication, the friction of the most serious slipper is used by introducing high pressure oil to the oil lubrication lubrication methods slipper is also used hydrostatic bearing structure, this structure is better able to alleviate the serious problem slipper friction and Wear, and the critical friction pair materials selected. Subsequent Slipper hydrostatic bearing performance, including the thickness of the film, bearing stiffness, bearing leakage flow and bearing power loss, and through the combination of computer simulation, select the optimal radius ratio coefficient and pressure drop coefficient, so that slipper hydrostatic bearing performance.
Finally, the two main technical parameters of the radial piston pump, pressure and flow, and drive motor selection, calculation and analysis, to determine the selection of the model Y315L1-8Y series three-phase asynchronousmotor. The last brief description of the hydraulic system of the high pressure oil supply system is a way of recycling oil, and gives a hydraulic schematic diagram, combined with the hydraulic-related knowledge, select the CBF-E10, gear pumps.
本文首先论述了常用类型水泵的适用范围,将几种类型的水泵的性能特点做出对比,确定了径向柱塞水泵在油田注水领域的应用,随后对国内外典型的容积式泵的结构进行分析,通过分析它们的优缺点以及油田注水用泵所需要的要求来确定对径向柱塞水泵的设计要领,分析了径向柱塞水泵的整体布局,对柱塞、滑靴、水阀等关键零部件进行设计分析。
密封与润滑条件的状况直接影响着径向柱塞水泵的使用寿命,本文首先介绍了常用的密封类型及密封材料,在密封结构上,采用了油水分离式三级密封结构,采用的密封方法是组合式密封,密封件是由一个填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料的阶梯形密封环和一个国标0形橡胶圈组合而成,该密封手段具有良好的密封性,安全可靠,使用寿命长,抗挤出性能优越。在润滑方式上,由于采用的是油水分离的结构,柱塞、水阀等零部件是采用水润滑方式,而摩擦最为严重的滑靴则采用通过引入高压油进行油润滑,而滑靴也采用了静压支承的结构,这种结构能更好的缓解滑靴副摩擦磨损严重的问题,并对关键摩擦副的材料进行选取。随后对滑靴静压支承性能进行分析,包括油膜的厚度、支承刚度、支承泄漏流量及支承功率损失等,并通过与计算机仿真相结合,选取出最优的半径比系数和压降系数,使滑靴获得较好的静压支承性能。
文章最后给出了径向柱塞水泵的两个最主要的技术参数,即压力和流量,并对驱动电机进行选型,通过计算与分析,确定选用型号为Y315L1-8的Y系列三相异步电机。最后对高压油供油系统的液压系统作出简要阐述,采用的是循环供油的方式,并给出液压原理图,结合液压相关的知识,选择CBF-E10型齿轮泵。
Oilfield water injection is one of the common means of developing oil fields, it is to improve the high yield of oil recovery and oil field has played a positive role. Most of the oil injection pump is a centrifugal pump, but when the oil field water pressure is high, the flow requirement is not too great when using the centrifugal pump will cause energy consumption to increase. The radial piston pumps rely on the advantages of high pressure, high efficiency, to get a better application. The radial piston pumps also there are aspects of the sealing and lubrication affect the efficiency of the pump, reliability, longevity.
This paper first discusses the scope of application of the commonly used types of pumps, the performance characteristics of several types of pumps to make the contrast, the radial piston pump in oil field water, then the structure of the domestic and international typical positive displacement pumpanalysis, by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses as well as oil field water requirements needed by the pump to determine the overall layout of design essentials radial piston pumps, radial piston pumps piston slipper valveThe key components design and analysis.
Status sealing and lubrication conditions directly affect the life of the radial piston pump, the paper first introduces the common types of seals and seal materials in a sealed structure, using the oil-water separator three sealing structure, the sealing ismodular seal, the seal is filled by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) the combination of material ladder rubber O-ring seals and a GB circle is formed, the sealing means has a good seal, safe and reliable, long life,The anti-extrusion superior performance. As a result of the structure, plunger, valves and other parts of the oil-water separator water lubrication, the friction of the most serious slipper is used by introducing high pressure oil to the oil lubrication lubrication methods slipper is also used hydrostatic bearing structure, this structure is better able to alleviate the serious problem slipper friction and Wear, and the critical friction pair materials selected. Subsequent Slipper hydrostatic bearing performance, including the thickness of the film, bearing stiffness, bearing leakage flow and bearing power loss, and through the combination of computer simulation, select the optimal radius ratio coefficient and pressure drop coefficient, so that slipper hydrostatic bearing performance.
Finally, the two main technical parameters of the radial piston pump, pressure and flow, and drive motor selection, calculation and analysis, to determine the selection of the model Y315L1-8Y series three-phase asynchronousmotor. The last brief description of the hydraulic system of the high pressure oil supply system is a way of recycling oil, and gives a hydraulic schematic diagram, combined with the hydraulic-related knowledge, select the CBF-E10, gear pumps.
引文
[1].王志云,杜艳杰.油田用注水泵柱塞点蚀分析及柱塞密封结构的改进[J].中国科技信息,2011(8)：174-175.
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[3].周红生等.浅谈离心泵与柱塞泵在油田注水中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2004(8)：19.
[4].关醒凡.现代泵理论与设计[M].北京：中国宇航出版社,2011.
[5].牟介刚,黄忠红,张生昌等.泵行业的基本概况及技术发展趋势[J].中国农业学会学术年会论文集,2006：182-184.
[6].李安元.锥轴配流海水泵初步研究[D].华中科技大学,2008.
[7]. Olli Pohls,Olli Rantanen and Timo Kuilko.CBA Water Hydraulic Axial Piston Machine[C].The 6th Scandinavian Int,conf.on Fluid Power,Tampere,Finland,1999
[8]. Brookes C.A.,Fangan M.J.et al.The Development of Water Hydraulic Pumps Using Advanced Engineering Ceramics.Proc.of 4th Scandinavian International Conference of Fluid Power.Finland,1995:965-977.
[9].林木.提高注水系统效率的理论与方法研究[D].中国石油大学,2008.
[10].杨懿,梁山城,罗宏.我国水泵产品质量及其原因分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2006(28)：248-250.
[11].李亚峰,李清雪,吴永强.水泵及水泵站[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[12].李丹.特种转子泵的研究及应用[D].天津大学,2006.
[13].胡罡.斜轴式海水液压柱塞泵的理论研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[14].柯尊荣.新型海(淡)水柱塞泵的研究与开发[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[15].张利平.液压泵及液压马达原理、使用与维护[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
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[17].王东等.海水柱塞泵配流阀的设计与研究[J].阀门,2002(4)：13-15.
[18].彭文生,李志明,黄华梁.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008.
[19].付平,常德功.密封设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[20].黄志坚.图解液压元件使用与维修[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[21].刘正林.摩擦学原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
[22].刘佐民.摩擦学理论与设计[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2009.
[23].温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[24].张力,项辉宇等.斜盘式轴向柱塞泵摩擦副分析[J].机床与液压,2007(6)：120-122.
[25].赵翠萍等.径向柱塞泵高速滑动摩擦副材料的性能分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2008(5)：103-105.
[26].刘桓龙.水压轴向柱塞泵的滑靴静压支承研究[D].西南交通大学,2001.
[27].卢义敏.纯水液压轴向柱塞泵的研制[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[28].严桃平.新型径向柱塞泵的结构分析[J].淮阴工学院学报,2002,6(11).
[29].刘明海.BaO·6Fe203丁腈磁性橡胶摩擦磨损性能研究[D].兰州理工大学,2007.
[30].李月梅.新型径向柱塞变量泵的结构特点及变量力分析[J].机械设计,1994,4：40-41.
[31].Simulinx,Inc.Software For Fluid Power Technology[J].In:International Journal of fluid power,U.S.A,2006.
[32].百度文库.流体润滑原理[N].http://wenku. baidu. com/.
[33].Yamaguchi. Motion of piston in Piston Type Hydraulic Machine[J].Bulletin of the JSM,1986,19(130):36-42.
[34].阮萍.对泊肃叶定律应用的讨论[J].华夏医学,1999(6)：268-269.
[35].Manring.N.D.The control and containment forces on the swash plate of an axial-piston pump[J].ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement and Control,1999,121(12):599-605.
[36].刘鹤年.流体力学(第二版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[37].Zloty Tadeusz.Analysis of the hydrostatic load of the cylinder block in all axial piston pump[J].Teak Kim Emerge Role[OL].PAN,2007,(7):302-309.
[38]. Ivantysyn.J,Ivantysynova.M.Hydrostatic pumps and motors[M].New Dehli:Academic Books International,2001.
[39].柯坚,刘思宁等.水压轴向柱塞泵滑靴静压支承分析与计算[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(2)：01-04.
[40].T.Kazama, T.Tsuruno and H.Sasaki.Temperature measurement of tribological parts in swash-plate type axial piston pumps.Proceedings of the 7th JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, TOYAMA 2008(2008)P1-16.
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[51].杨国来等.新型双作用径向柱塞泵的设计[J].液压与气动,2005(5).
[2].常玉连.油田注水系统节能技术与装备[J].国外石油机械,1997(6)：57-59.
[3].周红生等.浅谈离心泵与柱塞泵在油田注水中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2004(8)：19.
[4].关醒凡.现代泵理论与设计[M].北京：中国宇航出版社,2011.
[5].牟介刚,黄忠红,张生昌等.泵行业的基本概况及技术发展趋势[J].中国农业学会学术年会论文集,2006：182-184.
[6].李安元.锥轴配流海水泵初步研究[D].华中科技大学,2008.
[7]. Olli Pohls,Olli Rantanen and Timo Kuilko.CBA Water Hydraulic Axial Piston Machine[C].The 6th Scandinavian Int,conf.on Fluid Power,Tampere,Finland,1999
[8]. Brookes C.A.,Fangan M.J.et al.The Development of Water Hydraulic Pumps Using Advanced Engineering Ceramics.Proc.of 4th Scandinavian International Conference of Fluid Power.Finland,1995:965-977.
[9].林木.提高注水系统效率的理论与方法研究[D].中国石油大学,2008.
[10].杨懿,梁山城,罗宏.我国水泵产品质量及其原因分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2006(28)：248-250.
[11].李亚峰,李清雪,吴永强.水泵及水泵站[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[12].李丹.特种转子泵的研究及应用[D].天津大学,2006.
[13].胡罡.斜轴式海水液压柱塞泵的理论研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[14].柯尊荣.新型海(淡)水柱塞泵的研究与开发[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[15].张利平.液压泵及液压马达原理、使用与维护[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[16].王东,李壮云,朱玉泉.柱塞泵中柱塞摩擦副泄漏流量的分析[J].液压气动与密封,2002(4)：22-23.
[17].王东等.海水柱塞泵配流阀的设计与研究[J].阀门,2002(4)：13-15.
[18].彭文生,李志明,黄华梁.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008.
[19].付平,常德功.密封设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[20].黄志坚.图解液压元件使用与维修[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[21].刘正林.摩擦学原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
[22].刘佐民.摩擦学理论与设计[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2009.
[23].温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[24].张力,项辉宇等.斜盘式轴向柱塞泵摩擦副分析[J].机床与液压,2007(6)：120-122.
[25].赵翠萍等.径向柱塞泵高速滑动摩擦副材料的性能分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2008(5)：103-105.
[26].刘桓龙.水压轴向柱塞泵的滑靴静压支承研究[D].西南交通大学,2001.
[27].卢义敏.纯水液压轴向柱塞泵的研制[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[28].严桃平.新型径向柱塞泵的结构分析[J].淮阴工学院学报,2002,6(11).
[29].刘明海.BaO·6Fe203丁腈磁性橡胶摩擦磨损性能研究[D].兰州理工大学,2007.
[30].李月梅.新型径向柱塞变量泵的结构特点及变量力分析[J].机械设计,1994,4：40-41.
[31].Simulinx,Inc.Software For Fluid Power Technology[J].In:International Journal of fluid power,U.S.A,2006.
[32].百度文库.流体润滑原理[N].http://wenku. baidu. com/.
[33].Yamaguchi. Motion of piston in Piston Type Hydraulic Machine[J].Bulletin of the JSM,1986,19(130):36-42.
[34].阮萍.对泊肃叶定律应用的讨论[J].华夏医学,1999(6)：268-269.
[35].Manring.N.D.The control and containment forces on the swash plate of an axial-piston pump[J].ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement and Control,1999,121(12):599-605.
[36].刘鹤年.流体力学(第二版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[37].Zloty Tadeusz.Analysis of the hydrostatic load of the cylinder block in all axial piston pump[J].Teak Kim Emerge Role[OL].PAN,2007,(7):302-309.
[38]. Ivantysyn.J,Ivantysynova.M.Hydrostatic pumps and motors[M].New Dehli:Academic Books International,2001.
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