核电站冷却剂主泵机械密封的流固热耦合研究
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摘要
本文研究了一种应用于核电站冷却剂主泵的流体静压式机械密封,该类机械密封具有收敛的密封间隙,正常工作时,动静环之间形成完全的流体膜,通过收敛间隙的泄漏量被严格控制在一定范围内。同时,流体膜可以为摩擦副提供润滑和冷却,保证密封环可以长时间工作而不磨损,具有良好的稳定性。
本文建立了密封间隙流场的计算模型,在密封闭合力一定的条件下,研究了密封端面结构参数对密封性能的影响,对密封端面结构参数进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,密封端面锥角和转折半径均对密封性能有显著影响。
基于有限元分析方法,选用工程软件ANSYS,以密封组件为对象,研究了密封间隙的流场、温度分布、弹性变形和热变形。同时通过流场计算和密封组件热弹变形计算的自动迭代,实现了密封的流固热耦合分析。本文使用的流固热耦合模型综合考虑了密封组件之间的接触摩擦、预紧作用、热传导作用等,能够真实反映流体和密封结构之间的相互影响。与已有研究和文献的实验结果比较,具有较好的一致性。
研究了密封端面结构参数、预紧力和转速等操作参数和压力、温度等环境参数对密封性能的影响,可以为静压式机械密封结构及操作参数的设计提供理论参考和依据。
A kind of hydrostatic mechanical seal with convergent gap used in reactor coolant pump in nuclear power station is introduced. When working normally, complete fluid film can be formed between the seal rings. As a result, the leakage rate through the gap is strictly controlled within a certain range. Meanwhile, the fluid film can provide lubrication and cooling for the friction pair, which guarantee that the seal rings can work for long without abrasion.
A theoretical analysis model is developed for the flow field in the seal gap. Using the finite element method, under a certain closing force, the effect of sealing surface structure parameters on sealing performance is analyzed and the optimization of structure parameters is carried. Results show that the transition radius and cone angle have significant effect on the sealing performance.
Based on the FEM method and by using the software ANSYS, the flow field,temperature distribution, elastic deformation and thermal deformation of seal components is got. The fluid-thermal-structural coupling is achieved by automatic iterative between the flow field calculation and the seal component calculation. This model allows for the effect of contact, preload and thermal conduction between seal components, and can accurately reflect the interaction between the fluid and seal components.
The effect of sealing surface structure parameters; the preload and rotation speed; the pressure and temperature on sealing performance is analyzed, which can provide theoretical reference and foundation for the design of structural and operational parameters for hydrostatic seals.
本文建立了密封间隙流场的计算模型,在密封闭合力一定的条件下,研究了密封端面结构参数对密封性能的影响,对密封端面结构参数进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,密封端面锥角和转折半径均对密封性能有显著影响。
基于有限元分析方法,选用工程软件ANSYS,以密封组件为对象,研究了密封间隙的流场、温度分布、弹性变形和热变形。同时通过流场计算和密封组件热弹变形计算的自动迭代,实现了密封的流固热耦合分析。本文使用的流固热耦合模型综合考虑了密封组件之间的接触摩擦、预紧作用、热传导作用等,能够真实反映流体和密封结构之间的相互影响。与已有研究和文献的实验结果比较,具有较好的一致性。
研究了密封端面结构参数、预紧力和转速等操作参数和压力、温度等环境参数对密封性能的影响,可以为静压式机械密封结构及操作参数的设计提供理论参考和依据。
A kind of hydrostatic mechanical seal with convergent gap used in reactor coolant pump in nuclear power station is introduced. When working normally, complete fluid film can be formed between the seal rings. As a result, the leakage rate through the gap is strictly controlled within a certain range. Meanwhile, the fluid film can provide lubrication and cooling for the friction pair, which guarantee that the seal rings can work for long without abrasion.
A theoretical analysis model is developed for the flow field in the seal gap. Using the finite element method, under a certain closing force, the effect of sealing surface structure parameters on sealing performance is analyzed and the optimization of structure parameters is carried. Results show that the transition radius and cone angle have significant effect on the sealing performance.
Based on the FEM method and by using the software ANSYS, the flow field,temperature distribution, elastic deformation and thermal deformation of seal components is got. The fluid-thermal-structural coupling is achieved by automatic iterative between the flow field calculation and the seal component calculation. This model allows for the effect of contact, preload and thermal conduction between seal components, and can accurately reflect the interaction between the fluid and seal components.
The effect of sealing surface structure parameters; the preload and rotation speed; the pressure and temperature on sealing performance is analyzed, which can provide theoretical reference and foundation for the design of structural and operational parameters for hydrostatic seals.
引文
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[23] Alan O.lebeck and mark E.Nygren. Fluid Temperature and Film Coefficient Prediction and Measurement in Mechanical Face Seals”.Tribology Transaction. vol41,1998,411-422
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[34]丁群.提速客车制动盘温度场及应力场的有限元分析.(硕士论文)方交通大学车辆工程.2001
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[38] Brunetière, N, Tournerie, B, and Frêne, J, 2002,“Influence of Fluid Flow Regimes on Performances of Non-Contacting Liquid Face Seals,”J. Tribol.,124(3), 515–523
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[41] Constantinescu, V. N., and Galetuse, S., Operating Characteristics of Journal Bearings in Turbulent Inertial Flow,”ASME J. Lubrication. Technology, 104(1), 1982, 173–179
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[43] Brunetiere, Galenne , Modelling of non-laminar phenomena in high reliability hydrostatic seals operating in extreme conditions. Tribology International 41 (2008) 211–220
[44] Metcalfe R, Kittmer CA, Brown GW. Effects of pressure and temperature changes on end-face seal performance. ASLE Trans 1982; 25(3):361–71
[45] Galenne E, Pierre-Danos I. Thermo-elasto-hydro-dynamic modeling of hydrostatic seals in reactor coolant pumps. In: Proceedings of the third world tribology congress, Washington DC, 2005. Paper WTC205-63194
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[2]顾永泉.机械密封技术的新发展[J].石油化工设备.1997.26(4):43～50
[3]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2001
[4]徐祥发等合编.机械密封手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社.1990
[5]刘令勋,刘英贵.动态密封设计技术[M].北京:中国标准出版社.1993
[6]王汝美.实用机械密封技术问答[M].北京:中国石化出版社.2004
[7]周剑锋.机械密封中热流体动力效应研究.(博士学位论文).南京工业大学.2006.5
[8]中国化工装备总公司.机械密封技术标准汇编(1975-1966.3)(上、下册)[M]化工部化工专用标准技术委员会.1996
[9] E.迈尔著,姚兆生等译.机械密封(第六版).北京:化学工业出版社.1981
[10] Robinson, R. Buron. Temperature Gradients in seal Ring: A method of Analysis. Prol.4th ICFS.1969
[11] Parviz Merati, Nori Aki Okita. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow and Thermal Behavior of a Mechanical Seal. Tribology Transaction.1999,42(4):731～738
[12]张书贵,顾永泉.机械密封环的温度场及变形[J].流体工程.1993,21(2):5-10
[13]顾伯勤,周剑锋,陈晔,孙见君.机械密封端面间液膜摩擦热的传热规律[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学.2008,38(1):137-147
[14]程建辉等.机械密封温度场的有限元分析与试验研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版)2002,32(2)
[15]彭旭东,谢友柏.机械密封端面温度的确定[J].化工机械,1996,23(6):333-336
[16]陈文毅,李学虎,管洪.机械密封环温度场的有限元计算法[J].刊物不详
[17]李鲲,姚黎明,吴兆山,王春扬.机械密封环端面变形研究[J].润滑与密封.2001 (5):44-47
[18]王胜军,郝木明,张书贵.机械密封温度场计算化工机械[J] 2003第31卷第4期
[19] Chiou, B.C, The Effect of two Phase Operation on Seal Performance. M. S. Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,P 176,(1980)
[20] Doust, T. G. and Parmar ,“An experiment and Theoretical Study of Pressure and Thermal Distortion in a Mechanical Face Seal.”ASLE Trans,29,1986,151-159
[21] will, T. P.“Experimental Observations of a Face-Contact Mechanical Seal Operating on Water.”1981 ASLE Lubrication Conference, New Orleans. ASLE Preprint No.81-FLC-1A-1, ASLE,Park Ridge, IL,1981
[22] Philips, R, L.“Experiment Determination of the thermal Characteristics of a Mechanical Seal and its Operating Environment.”Tribology. Transaction, 40,4,1997,559-568
[23] Alan O.lebeck and mark E.Nygren. Fluid Temperature and Film Coefficient Prediction and Measurement in Mechanical Face Seals”.Tribology Transaction. vol41,1998,411-422
[24] Shirazi, S.A. Soulisa. Lebeck. A. O. and Nygren , M.E. Fluid Temperature and Film Coefficient Predicition and measurement in Mechanical Face Seals Numerical Results. Preprint No.98-AM-5G-2.53rd STLE Annual Meeting Detroit. MI, May 17-21, (1998)
[25] Parvizmerati, Robert Phillips. Imental and Computational Investigation of Flow and Thermal Behavior of a Mechanical Seal”. Tribology Transaction .volume(42). 1994,731-738
[26]朱孝平,黄勇,周银生,毛绍贝.机械密封端面温度的测试方法研究[J].润滑与密封,1996(3):29—31
[27]程建辉,葛培琪,刘鸣.机械密封环温度场的有限元分析与实验研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版)2002,32(4),385-387
[28] Rahul N. Samant , Patriek E. Plelan , M. Riatf Ullah. Finite element analysis of residual-stress-induced flatness deviation in banded carbon seals. Finite Elements in Analysis And Design,38(2002):785-801
[29] Bernard Tournerie. 2D numerical modeling of the TEHD transient behavior of Mechanical face seals. Sealing Technology,2003,06:10-13
[30] Pavriz Merati,Nori Aki Okita. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow and Thermal Behavior of a Mechanical Seal. Tribology Tanscations,1999,42(4):731-738
[31] Ray Clark,Henri Azibert, Lanre oshinowo .Computer simulation of mechanical seals to improve coolant circulation. World Pumps. Dec(1999),33-35
[32] TOM LAI,RALPH GABRIEL AND LOIS MAYER-YEP JOHN CRANE INC. Improved Performance Seals for Pipeline Application. Lubrication engineering,april (2003):18-29
[33] LIONEL A. YOUNG. and B.KEY Flowserve Corporation Temecula. Mechanical Seals with Laser Machined Wavy SiC faees for High Duty Boiler Circulation and Feedwater Applications.
[34]丁群.提速客车制动盘温度场及应力场的有限元分析.(硕士论文)方交通大学车辆工程.2001
[35]朱学明,刘正林,朱汉华,胡社来.机械密封环热-结构耦合分析研究[J].武汉理工大学学报2005.29(2)
[36] Mayer, E, Performance of Rotating High Duty Nuclear Seals, Lubrication. English, 45(5), 1989, 275–286
[37] Koga, T, and Fujita, T, The Hydrostatic Non-contact Seal Including Fluid Inertia Effect,”ASLE Trans., 29(1), 1986,35–42
[38] Brunetière, N, Tournerie, B, and Frêne, J, 2002,“Influence of Fluid Flow Regimes on Performances of Non-Contacting Liquid Face Seals,”J. Tribol.,124(3), 515–523
[39] Hirs, G. G., Bulk Flow Theory for Turbulence in Lubricant Films. ASME J. Lubrication Technology.95(2), 1973, 137–146
[40] Childs, D. A., Turbo machinery Rotor dynamics—Phenomena, Modeling& Analysis, Wiley Inter science. John Wiley & Sons, 1993, New York
[41] Constantinescu, V. N., and Galetuse, S., Operating Characteristics of Journal Bearings in Turbulent Inertial Flow,”ASME J. Lubrication. Technology, 104(1), 1982, 173–179
[42] Brunetière and Bernard Tournerie, The Effect of Inertia on Radial Flows—Application to Hydrostatic Seals Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 125, 2006, 608-616
[43] Brunetiere, Galenne , Modelling of non-laminar phenomena in high reliability hydrostatic seals operating in extreme conditions. Tribology International 41 (2008) 211–220
[44] Metcalfe R, Kittmer CA, Brown GW. Effects of pressure and temperature changes on end-face seal performance. ASLE Trans 1982; 25(3):361–71
[45] Galenne E, Pierre-Danos I. Thermo-elasto-hydro-dynamic modeling of hydrostatic seals in reactor coolant pumps. In: Proceedings of the third world tribology congress, Washington DC, 2005. Paper WTC205-63194
[46]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2000
[47]温诗铸,杨沛然.弹性流体动力润滑[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1992
[48]杨沛然.流体润滑数值分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1998
[49]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2006
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