环境不确定性对知识管理战略实施效果的影响
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摘要
近年来,随着商业环境和技术环境的深刻变革,越来越多的企业管理者、研究者开始关注知识资源对企业获取竞争优势的重要意义。在我国,知识管理实践已经从最初的“认知级”阶段,发展为“重用级”阶段,知识管理已经成为我国企业界的共识。另一方面,知识管理的模式,也逐渐从最初的以“技术”管理为核心的模式,过渡到以“人”的管理为核心的模式。企业在面对高度不确定性环境时,考虑环境中各种机会与威胁,衡量自身优势与劣势,通过选择适合的知识管理战略,创造竞争优势,已成为企业能否生存、持续成长的关键因素。管理实践中由于缺乏深入考虑企业环境因素对知识管理战略实施效果的影响作用,常常使企业知识管理面临失败,甚至企业自身面临失败。
基于这一背景,本文针对知识管理战略实践,从企业环境不确定性视角对知识管理战略进行分析,主要集中在两个方面:较确定环境下知识管理战略实施效果的影响,以及不确定环境下,环境不确定性作为调节因素对知识管理战略实施效果的影响。
通过对相关理论的归纳和分析,以及跨个案研究等,我们构建了环境不确定性、知识管理战略与绩效的研究框架。在此基础上,设计了文中所涉及的各个因素变量的测量变量和调查问卷,并展开了大范围的问卷调查。我们利用调查获得数据对提出的模型和假说进行了验证。实证结果表明,我们提出的模型绝大部分都得到了验证,不仅对以往研究的一些观点提供了实证支持,而且还提出了一些新的观点,实现了对现有理论的深入和拓展。同时,研究的结论对企业的实践也具有一定的指导意义。
与现有的知识管理战略研究相比,本文的创新性工作主要体现在以下3个方面:
①本文从外部环境视角,探究环境不确定性对知识管理战略实施效果的影响。传统的知识管理战略研究,往往从企业内部关系展开,着重于企业文化、组织结构、人力资源管理等方面对知识管理战略实施效果的影响,这一视角使得原有理论更全面、更具体和更深化。
②通过重庆生物制药行业的A、B、C和D公司的探索性案例研究,深度发现:环境不确定性在知识管理战略与绩效之间起到调节作用,而不是驱动作用。并进一步提出了有待大样本实证检验的研究假设。揭示在环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性不同的条件下,实施IT型战略、获取型战略还是学习型战略对企业绩效的影响有所不同。
③实证研究指出:IT型战略对长期绩效有正向影响;获取型战略对短期绩效有正向影响,对长期绩效有负向影响;学习型战略对长期绩效有正向影响;IT型战略与获取型战略的交互作用对短期绩效有正向影响,对长期绩效有负向影响;IT型战略与学习型战略的交互作用对长期绩效有正向影响;获取型战略与学习型战略的交互作用也对长期绩效有正向影响;IT型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对短期和长期有负向影响;获取型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对长期绩效有负向影响;学习型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对长期绩效有正向影响。
In recent years, with the profound change in business and technological environment, a growing number of enterprise managers and researchers begin to pay attention to the significance of knowledge resources to obtain a competitive advantage. In China, the knowledge management practice has changed from the original "cognitive level" stage to a "reusable class" stage, knowledge management has become the consensus of the business community. On the other hand, the mode of knowledge management has gradually changed from the initial "technical" management as the core to a "person" management as the core. Considering a variety of opportunities and threats in the environment, measuring their own strengths and weaknesses, selecting the appropriate knowledge management strategy, and creating competitive advantages have become the key to survival and sustainable growth for a business in the face of high environmental uncertainty. It often leads enterprise knowledge management to failure, and even the failure of the enterprise's own as because ignoring the effect of environmental factors on the implementation of knowledge management strategy in Management practices.
Against this background, this paper analyses the issue of knowledge management strategy from the perspective of the business environmental uncertainty based on the practice of knowledge management strategy. The study mainly concentrates on two areas: the effect of the implementation of knowledge management strategy under the certain environment, as well as the environmental uncertainty as a regulatory under the uncertain environment.
Through the induction and analysis of the pertinent theory, as well as cross-case studies, we build a research framework based on the environment of uncertainty, knowledge management strategies and performance. On this basis, we design the measuring variables of the various factors and the questionnaire, and launch a large-scale questionnaire. We use survey data to verify the model and the hypothesis. Empirical results show that our proposed model have been verified, not only providing empirical support for some of the views of previous studies, but also putting forward some new ideas and realizing the depth and expansion of the existing theory. At the same time, the conclusion of the study has also a certain significance to business practice.
Compared with the existing knowledge management strategic research, innovative work of this article mainly manifests in the following three aspects:
First, this paper explores the impact of environment uncertainty on the results of the knowledge management strategy implements from the external environment vision, however, the traditional research on the knowledge management strategy is carried out in internal relationship of enterprises, which puts great emphasis on the impact of the enterprise culture, organization structure, human resource management caused on the results of knowledge management strategy implementation. This makes the original theory more comprehensive, specific and deepgoing.
Second,The study shows: Environment uncertainty can regulate the relationship between knowledge management strategy and performance, not but actuates the function through the exploring case study of Chongqing biology drugs manufacture A, B, C and D Corporation. This puts forward the research hypothesis requiring empirical test of large sample further. Also, it reveals that the implementation of knowledge management strategy which employs IT-centered strategy , capture-based strategy , Learning-based strategy,has different impacts on the enterprise performance on condition that there are different environmental dynamics, complexity and threat.
Third,The empirical study shows: The IT-centered strategy has positive impact on the long-term performance; The capture-based strategy has positive impact on the short-term performance and negative influence to the long-term performance; Learning-based strategy has positive impacts on firms’long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy and capture-based strategy has positive influence to the short-term performance and negative influence to the long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy and Learning-based strategy has positive impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of capture-based strategy and Learning-based strategy has also positive impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy separately with environment dynamic, complexity and hostility has negative influence to short-term and long-term; The interaction of capture-based strategy separately with the environment dynamic, complexity and hostility correlation has the negative impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of Learning-based strategy separately with environment dynamic, complexity and hostility has positive influence to the long-term performance.
基于这一背景,本文针对知识管理战略实践,从企业环境不确定性视角对知识管理战略进行分析,主要集中在两个方面:较确定环境下知识管理战略实施效果的影响,以及不确定环境下,环境不确定性作为调节因素对知识管理战略实施效果的影响。
通过对相关理论的归纳和分析,以及跨个案研究等,我们构建了环境不确定性、知识管理战略与绩效的研究框架。在此基础上,设计了文中所涉及的各个因素变量的测量变量和调查问卷,并展开了大范围的问卷调查。我们利用调查获得数据对提出的模型和假说进行了验证。实证结果表明,我们提出的模型绝大部分都得到了验证,不仅对以往研究的一些观点提供了实证支持,而且还提出了一些新的观点,实现了对现有理论的深入和拓展。同时,研究的结论对企业的实践也具有一定的指导意义。
与现有的知识管理战略研究相比,本文的创新性工作主要体现在以下3个方面:
①本文从外部环境视角,探究环境不确定性对知识管理战略实施效果的影响。传统的知识管理战略研究,往往从企业内部关系展开,着重于企业文化、组织结构、人力资源管理等方面对知识管理战略实施效果的影响,这一视角使得原有理论更全面、更具体和更深化。
②通过重庆生物制药行业的A、B、C和D公司的探索性案例研究,深度发现:环境不确定性在知识管理战略与绩效之间起到调节作用,而不是驱动作用。并进一步提出了有待大样本实证检验的研究假设。揭示在环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性不同的条件下,实施IT型战略、获取型战略还是学习型战略对企业绩效的影响有所不同。
③实证研究指出:IT型战略对长期绩效有正向影响;获取型战略对短期绩效有正向影响,对长期绩效有负向影响;学习型战略对长期绩效有正向影响;IT型战略与获取型战略的交互作用对短期绩效有正向影响,对长期绩效有负向影响;IT型战略与学习型战略的交互作用对长期绩效有正向影响;获取型战略与学习型战略的交互作用也对长期绩效有正向影响;IT型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对短期和长期有负向影响;获取型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对长期绩效有负向影响;学习型战略分别与环境动态性、复杂性和威胁性的交互作用对长期绩效有正向影响。
In recent years, with the profound change in business and technological environment, a growing number of enterprise managers and researchers begin to pay attention to the significance of knowledge resources to obtain a competitive advantage. In China, the knowledge management practice has changed from the original "cognitive level" stage to a "reusable class" stage, knowledge management has become the consensus of the business community. On the other hand, the mode of knowledge management has gradually changed from the initial "technical" management as the core to a "person" management as the core. Considering a variety of opportunities and threats in the environment, measuring their own strengths and weaknesses, selecting the appropriate knowledge management strategy, and creating competitive advantages have become the key to survival and sustainable growth for a business in the face of high environmental uncertainty. It often leads enterprise knowledge management to failure, and even the failure of the enterprise's own as because ignoring the effect of environmental factors on the implementation of knowledge management strategy in Management practices.
Against this background, this paper analyses the issue of knowledge management strategy from the perspective of the business environmental uncertainty based on the practice of knowledge management strategy. The study mainly concentrates on two areas: the effect of the implementation of knowledge management strategy under the certain environment, as well as the environmental uncertainty as a regulatory under the uncertain environment.
Through the induction and analysis of the pertinent theory, as well as cross-case studies, we build a research framework based on the environment of uncertainty, knowledge management strategies and performance. On this basis, we design the measuring variables of the various factors and the questionnaire, and launch a large-scale questionnaire. We use survey data to verify the model and the hypothesis. Empirical results show that our proposed model have been verified, not only providing empirical support for some of the views of previous studies, but also putting forward some new ideas and realizing the depth and expansion of the existing theory. At the same time, the conclusion of the study has also a certain significance to business practice.
Compared with the existing knowledge management strategic research, innovative work of this article mainly manifests in the following three aspects:
First, this paper explores the impact of environment uncertainty on the results of the knowledge management strategy implements from the external environment vision, however, the traditional research on the knowledge management strategy is carried out in internal relationship of enterprises, which puts great emphasis on the impact of the enterprise culture, organization structure, human resource management caused on the results of knowledge management strategy implementation. This makes the original theory more comprehensive, specific and deepgoing.
Second,The study shows: Environment uncertainty can regulate the relationship between knowledge management strategy and performance, not but actuates the function through the exploring case study of Chongqing biology drugs manufacture A, B, C and D Corporation. This puts forward the research hypothesis requiring empirical test of large sample further. Also, it reveals that the implementation of knowledge management strategy which employs IT-centered strategy , capture-based strategy , Learning-based strategy,has different impacts on the enterprise performance on condition that there are different environmental dynamics, complexity and threat.
Third,The empirical study shows: The IT-centered strategy has positive impact on the long-term performance; The capture-based strategy has positive impact on the short-term performance and negative influence to the long-term performance; Learning-based strategy has positive impacts on firms’long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy and capture-based strategy has positive influence to the short-term performance and negative influence to the long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy and Learning-based strategy has positive impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of capture-based strategy and Learning-based strategy has also positive impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of IT-centered strategy separately with environment dynamic, complexity and hostility has negative influence to short-term and long-term; The interaction of capture-based strategy separately with the environment dynamic, complexity and hostility correlation has the negative impact on the long-term performance; The interaction of Learning-based strategy separately with environment dynamic, complexity and hostility has positive influence to the long-term performance.
引文
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