人造板TVOC释放多相传质模型及释放特性参数研究
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摘要
随着社会环保意识的增强,挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)寻致的室内空气质量问题,越来越受到人们的重视。居室装修中大量使用人造板,使之成为TVOC的主要来源。欲改善室内空气质量,对室内挥发性有机化合物进行治理,需对人造板TVOC释放机理和影响因素有充分的认识。本论文对市场上常见的室内装修用人造板TVOC释放机理和影响因素进行研究。建立人造板TVOC释放多相传质模型；分析环境因素温度、相对湿度对人造板TVOC释放及释放特性参数的影响；最后给出TVOC释放预测模型和方法。
本文围绕装修用人造板挥发性有机污染物释放特性问题进行研究。利用理论分析及实验方法对人造板TVOC释放进行讨论。主要研究内容如下：
1.建立人造板TVOC释放多相传质模型
室内装修用人造板材是一种常见的多孔材料,其内部是固体骨架与流体的多相混合体。利用Fick定律建立了室内装修用人造板挥发性有机污染物释放多相多维传质模型,并基于人造板几何结构特征厚度较薄特点,将人造板TVOC释放多相多维传质模型简化为一维多相传质模型,并对一维模型进行求解及数值仿真。对国内某厂生产的中密度纤维板TVOC释放进行多相传质模型验证。
2.给出人造板TVOC释放参数的估计方法
建立人造板TVOC释放参数估计模型,使用两步估计方法,给出人造板TVOC释放参数的估计。首先使用积分近似和泰勒展开方法将热传导偏微分方程化简,反演室内装修用人造板中TVOC释放参数分离系数K、板材内TVOC初始浓度C0和对流传质系数hm的量级范围。然后,基于TVOC释放传质模型,在释放参数K、C0和hm已知的量级基础上,利用最小二乘法给出扩散系数D、分离系数K,板材内TVOC初始浓度C0和对流传质系数hm,的二次估计。并对国内某厂生产的刨花板进行测定,利用模型方法获得释放参数,得到刨花板TVOC释放参数扩散系数量级为10-9～10-11m2/s,分离系数K的量级为103～104,对流传质系数的量级为10-4～10-3m/s,与经验值量级基本一致。
3.研究环境条件中温度对人造板TVOC释放的影响
以国内几个厂家生产的刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4为研究对象,测试了温度设置分别为15℃、20℃、250℃、30℃和35℃时刨花板的TVOC释放,利用TVOC释放参数估计方法估计不同温度下分离系数、对流传质系数和板材内初始TVOC浓度,使用最小二乘法对估计数据进行非线性拟合,获得温度对释放特性参数的影响规律。结果表明当温度升高时刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4板材内初始TVOC浓度都较显著升高,分离系数K都随着温度的升高反而降低。温度升高提升了刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4的TVOC释放。
4.研究环境条件中相对湿度对人造板TVOC释放的影响
以国内几个厂家生产的刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4为研究对象,测试了相对湿度设置分别为30%、45%、60%和75%时刨花板的TVOC释放,并给出各个湿度下的释放特性参数分离系数、对流传质系数和板材初始TVOC浓度估计。用线性相关性分析方法讨论了相对湿度对释放特性参数的影响。结果表明当室内环境相对湿度升高时,板材内初始TVOC浓度升高；同时TVOC在空气中的传质系数也显著提高,而分离系数K随着湿度的升高其变化趋势因板材不同而不同。但综合影响表现为相对湿度升高时,板材TVOC释放率增强,其实验结果表现为同种刨花板的小室内TVOC浓度随相对湿度的升高而增加。
5.建立人造板TVOC释放预测模型
从便捷实用角度出发,分别给出快速预测人造板TVOC释放模型,和较长期预测人造板TVOC释放模型及预测方法。研究表明：快速预测模型利用1个测试点对短期几天内人造板TVOC释放预测有效,但长期预测误差较大。较长期预测模型能对长时间内小室内TVOC浓度进行预测。实验对国内某些厂家生产的刨花板TVOC释放及酮醛类化合物释放进行28天实验测定。利用较长期模型对14天后的TVOC释放进行预测,预测结果与实验结果基本一致。人造板TVOC释放预测模型为人造板TVOC检测、室内空气质量预测与治理提供了方法,为进一步改善室内空气质量提供了科学的依据。
Along with the enhancement of social environmental protection consciousness, more and more people pay attention to volatile organic compounds (TVOC) quality problem in indoor air. Extensive use of wood based panels indoor decorating makes them to be the main sources of TVOC. To improve economic environment in the room, the mechanism of TVOC release from Wood based panels and its influence factors must be fully understood and researched. In this paper, these questions of the common material of wood based panels in the market are discussed. The multi-phase mass transfer models for TVOC emission from Wood based panels are established, and temperature and relative humidity influence on TVOC emission from Wood based panels and their characteristic parameters are researched. The prediction models and methods for TVOC emission are also given.
This article researchs in release characteristics of TVOC from wood based panels for use of indoor decorating. By using the method of theory analysis and experiment release of TVOC from wood based panels are discussed. Main research contents are as follows:
1. The wood based panels TVOC release multiphase mass transfer model are established
Notice the wood based panels for use of indoor decorating are the most common porous materials, their internal are the multiphase mixture of solid skeleton and fluids. By using Fick's law it estabishs volatile organic compounds release multiphase multidimensional mass transfer model of Wood based panels. Based on the peculiarity that wood-based panels are thin in the geometry, the multiphase multidimensional mass transfer model for the release of TVOC from wood-based panels is reduced to a one-dimensional multi-phase mass transfer model, which is solved and numerically simulated. The work adopts the domestic medium density fiberboard for some plant to perform multiphase mass transfer model verification.
2. Providing a Method to Estimate the Parameters of TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
Estimation model for Wood based panels release parameters is established. By using two steps estimation, TVOC release parameter estimation method is given. First using integral approximation and Taylor expansion method for partial differential equations of heat conduction, it inverses the order of magnitude estimate for TVOC release charasteristics parameters of wood based panels indoor decorating including separation coefficient, initial concentration of TVOC and the mass transfer coefficient. Then, based on the TVOC release mass transfer model and the given magnitude of release parameters, The second step estimations of the release parameter including diffusion coefficient, separation coefficient, initial concentration of TVOC and the mass transfer coefficient diffusion coefficient are given by means of least square method. Of someone domestic particleboard measuring, and using the estimation method of the model, particieboard TVOC release parameter diffusion coefficient magnitude is10-9-10-11m2/s, separation coefficient magnitude is103-104. the mass transfer coefficient diffusion coefficient magnitude is10-4-103m/s. They are roughly the same order of magnitude of experience value magnitude.
3. Impact of Temperature in the Research Environment on the TVOC Release From Wood-based Panels
The particleboard PI, P2, P3and P4made by several domestic manufacturers are set as research objects, and the TVOC release from the particleboard is measured at temperatures configured atl5℃,20℃,25℃,30℃and35℃. The separation coefficient, the mass transfer coefficient and the initial TVOC concentration of the panel are estimated at different temperatures by the estimation method for TVOC release parameters. The least squares method is used to fit the estimated values and the pattern of impact of temperature on the parameters of release characteristics is obtained.The results showed that when the temperature rises, the initial TVOC concentrations of the particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4increase significantly. The separation coefficient of particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4decreases with the rise of temperature. And those enhance the capability of the free-state TVOC in the particleboard to diffuse to the chamber. In short, the rise of temperature enhances the release of TVOC from particleboardP1, P2, P3and P4.
4. Impact of Relative Humidity in the Research Environment on the TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
The particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4made by several domestic manufacturers are set as research objects, and the TVOC release from the particleboard is measure with relative humidity configured at30%,45%,60%and75%. The separation coefficient, the convective mass transfer coefficient and the initial TVOC concentration in the particleboard of the parameters of the release characteristics under different humidity are provided. The linear correlation analysis method is used to discuss the impact of relative humidity on the parameters of release characteristics. The results showed that when the relative humidity in the indoor environment rises, initial TVOC concentration in the particleboard increases, and the mass transfer coefficient of TVOC in the air also significantly increases, accelerating the diffusion of TVOC in the air, while the separation factor K varies with different particleboard as the humidity rises. However, in general, the release rate of TVOC in the particleboard increases with the rise of relative humidity. In the experimental results, this is shown by the rise of TVOC concentration in the same particleboard in the chamber as the relative humidity increases.
5. Prediction Model for the TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
From the convenient and practical point of view, the paper offers the rapid prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels, and the long-term prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels. The rapid prediction model using one test point is effective on the release of TVOC from wood-based panels within a short term, for example, a few days, but prone to considerable errors over long-term releases. The longer-termmodel can predict the TVOC concentration in the chamber over a longer period of time. The results as it predicts the TVOC releases from particleboard made by several domestic manufacturers are consistent with those obtained in the experiment. The prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels provides ways for the forecast and control of indoor air quality and a theoretical basis for further improving indoor air quality.
本文围绕装修用人造板挥发性有机污染物释放特性问题进行研究。利用理论分析及实验方法对人造板TVOC释放进行讨论。主要研究内容如下：
1.建立人造板TVOC释放多相传质模型
室内装修用人造板材是一种常见的多孔材料,其内部是固体骨架与流体的多相混合体。利用Fick定律建立了室内装修用人造板挥发性有机污染物释放多相多维传质模型,并基于人造板几何结构特征厚度较薄特点,将人造板TVOC释放多相多维传质模型简化为一维多相传质模型,并对一维模型进行求解及数值仿真。对国内某厂生产的中密度纤维板TVOC释放进行多相传质模型验证。
2.给出人造板TVOC释放参数的估计方法
建立人造板TVOC释放参数估计模型,使用两步估计方法,给出人造板TVOC释放参数的估计。首先使用积分近似和泰勒展开方法将热传导偏微分方程化简,反演室内装修用人造板中TVOC释放参数分离系数K、板材内TVOC初始浓度C0和对流传质系数hm的量级范围。然后,基于TVOC释放传质模型,在释放参数K、C0和hm已知的量级基础上,利用最小二乘法给出扩散系数D、分离系数K,板材内TVOC初始浓度C0和对流传质系数hm,的二次估计。并对国内某厂生产的刨花板进行测定,利用模型方法获得释放参数,得到刨花板TVOC释放参数扩散系数量级为10-9～10-11m2/s,分离系数K的量级为103～104,对流传质系数的量级为10-4～10-3m/s,与经验值量级基本一致。
3.研究环境条件中温度对人造板TVOC释放的影响
以国内几个厂家生产的刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4为研究对象,测试了温度设置分别为15℃、20℃、250℃、30℃和35℃时刨花板的TVOC释放,利用TVOC释放参数估计方法估计不同温度下分离系数、对流传质系数和板材内初始TVOC浓度,使用最小二乘法对估计数据进行非线性拟合,获得温度对释放特性参数的影响规律。结果表明当温度升高时刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4板材内初始TVOC浓度都较显著升高,分离系数K都随着温度的升高反而降低。温度升高提升了刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4的TVOC释放。
4.研究环境条件中相对湿度对人造板TVOC释放的影响
以国内几个厂家生产的刨花板P1、P2、P3和P4为研究对象,测试了相对湿度设置分别为30%、45%、60%和75%时刨花板的TVOC释放,并给出各个湿度下的释放特性参数分离系数、对流传质系数和板材初始TVOC浓度估计。用线性相关性分析方法讨论了相对湿度对释放特性参数的影响。结果表明当室内环境相对湿度升高时,板材内初始TVOC浓度升高；同时TVOC在空气中的传质系数也显著提高,而分离系数K随着湿度的升高其变化趋势因板材不同而不同。但综合影响表现为相对湿度升高时,板材TVOC释放率增强,其实验结果表现为同种刨花板的小室内TVOC浓度随相对湿度的升高而增加。
5.建立人造板TVOC释放预测模型
从便捷实用角度出发,分别给出快速预测人造板TVOC释放模型,和较长期预测人造板TVOC释放模型及预测方法。研究表明：快速预测模型利用1个测试点对短期几天内人造板TVOC释放预测有效,但长期预测误差较大。较长期预测模型能对长时间内小室内TVOC浓度进行预测。实验对国内某些厂家生产的刨花板TVOC释放及酮醛类化合物释放进行28天实验测定。利用较长期模型对14天后的TVOC释放进行预测,预测结果与实验结果基本一致。人造板TVOC释放预测模型为人造板TVOC检测、室内空气质量预测与治理提供了方法,为进一步改善室内空气质量提供了科学的依据。
Along with the enhancement of social environmental protection consciousness, more and more people pay attention to volatile organic compounds (TVOC) quality problem in indoor air. Extensive use of wood based panels indoor decorating makes them to be the main sources of TVOC. To improve economic environment in the room, the mechanism of TVOC release from Wood based panels and its influence factors must be fully understood and researched. In this paper, these questions of the common material of wood based panels in the market are discussed. The multi-phase mass transfer models for TVOC emission from Wood based panels are established, and temperature and relative humidity influence on TVOC emission from Wood based panels and their characteristic parameters are researched. The prediction models and methods for TVOC emission are also given.
This article researchs in release characteristics of TVOC from wood based panels for use of indoor decorating. By using the method of theory analysis and experiment release of TVOC from wood based panels are discussed. Main research contents are as follows:
1. The wood based panels TVOC release multiphase mass transfer model are established
Notice the wood based panels for use of indoor decorating are the most common porous materials, their internal are the multiphase mixture of solid skeleton and fluids. By using Fick's law it estabishs volatile organic compounds release multiphase multidimensional mass transfer model of Wood based panels. Based on the peculiarity that wood-based panels are thin in the geometry, the multiphase multidimensional mass transfer model for the release of TVOC from wood-based panels is reduced to a one-dimensional multi-phase mass transfer model, which is solved and numerically simulated. The work adopts the domestic medium density fiberboard for some plant to perform multiphase mass transfer model verification.
2. Providing a Method to Estimate the Parameters of TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
Estimation model for Wood based panels release parameters is established. By using two steps estimation, TVOC release parameter estimation method is given. First using integral approximation and Taylor expansion method for partial differential equations of heat conduction, it inverses the order of magnitude estimate for TVOC release charasteristics parameters of wood based panels indoor decorating including separation coefficient, initial concentration of TVOC and the mass transfer coefficient. Then, based on the TVOC release mass transfer model and the given magnitude of release parameters, The second step estimations of the release parameter including diffusion coefficient, separation coefficient, initial concentration of TVOC and the mass transfer coefficient diffusion coefficient are given by means of least square method. Of someone domestic particleboard measuring, and using the estimation method of the model, particieboard TVOC release parameter diffusion coefficient magnitude is10-9-10-11m2/s, separation coefficient magnitude is103-104. the mass transfer coefficient diffusion coefficient magnitude is10-4-103m/s. They are roughly the same order of magnitude of experience value magnitude.
3. Impact of Temperature in the Research Environment on the TVOC Release From Wood-based Panels
The particleboard PI, P2, P3and P4made by several domestic manufacturers are set as research objects, and the TVOC release from the particleboard is measured at temperatures configured atl5℃,20℃,25℃,30℃and35℃. The separation coefficient, the mass transfer coefficient and the initial TVOC concentration of the panel are estimated at different temperatures by the estimation method for TVOC release parameters. The least squares method is used to fit the estimated values and the pattern of impact of temperature on the parameters of release characteristics is obtained.The results showed that when the temperature rises, the initial TVOC concentrations of the particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4increase significantly. The separation coefficient of particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4decreases with the rise of temperature. And those enhance the capability of the free-state TVOC in the particleboard to diffuse to the chamber. In short, the rise of temperature enhances the release of TVOC from particleboardP1, P2, P3and P4.
4. Impact of Relative Humidity in the Research Environment on the TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
The particleboard P1, P2, P3and P4made by several domestic manufacturers are set as research objects, and the TVOC release from the particleboard is measure with relative humidity configured at30%,45%,60%and75%. The separation coefficient, the convective mass transfer coefficient and the initial TVOC concentration in the particleboard of the parameters of the release characteristics under different humidity are provided. The linear correlation analysis method is used to discuss the impact of relative humidity on the parameters of release characteristics. The results showed that when the relative humidity in the indoor environment rises, initial TVOC concentration in the particleboard increases, and the mass transfer coefficient of TVOC in the air also significantly increases, accelerating the diffusion of TVOC in the air, while the separation factor K varies with different particleboard as the humidity rises. However, in general, the release rate of TVOC in the particleboard increases with the rise of relative humidity. In the experimental results, this is shown by the rise of TVOC concentration in the same particleboard in the chamber as the relative humidity increases.
5. Prediction Model for the TVOC Release from Wood-based Panels
From the convenient and practical point of view, the paper offers the rapid prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels, and the long-term prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels. The rapid prediction model using one test point is effective on the release of TVOC from wood-based panels within a short term, for example, a few days, but prone to considerable errors over long-term releases. The longer-termmodel can predict the TVOC concentration in the chamber over a longer period of time. The results as it predicts the TVOC releases from particleboard made by several domestic manufacturers are consistent with those obtained in the experiment. The prediction model for the TVOC release from wood-based panels provides ways for the forecast and control of indoor air quality and a theoretical basis for further improving indoor air quality.
引文
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