基于Knothe模型的动态地表移动变形预计与数值模拟研究
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摘要
我国煤炭采出量逐年递增,可采储量不断减少,“三下”开采问题日益显著。煤层开采造成覆岩及地表的移动变形是一复杂变化的过程。开采过程中地表移动变形的准确预计对地表受护对象的保护具有重要的意义。本文通过地表移动实测数据分析,得到了动态地表移动变形规律,基于厚松散层矿区地表下沉系数模型,提出了综合宽深比,合理评价了松散层厚度在整个采深中的作用。基于Knothe地表下沉与时间的假设,建立了动态地表移动变形预计模型,提出了时间影响系数c关于开采充分度及采后时间的计算公式；深入分析Knothe影响函数,提出了修正下沉系数。提出了应用UDEC软件进行动态地表移动变形数值模拟的改进算法。指出了厚松散层矿区推进方向水平移动及范围较大的现象,及经典预计模型中覆岩变形体积不变的不适用性,并通过数值模拟软件UDEC应用上述算法,解决了该条件下水平移动的预计问题。
The situation of mining under surface objects will be more obvious with coal resources rabidly reducing in China. The movement and deformation of strata and surface induced by underground mining, is a varied process. Accuracy prediction of surface movement and deformation in mining process, it plays an important role to surface projected objects. The rules of dynamic surface movement and deformation for underground mining were obtained by analysing the surface observation data, and nonlinear integration ratio of width to depth was put forward based on subsidence factor model in thick loose layer mine area, which suitably estimated the roles of loose layer in the whole overburden depth. The prediction model of dynamic surface movement and deformation was established based on the assumption of Knothe dynamic subsidence and calculation function of time influence factor c respect to mining critical degree and panel stopped time was also proposed. Revised subsidence factor was put forward based on Knothe influence function. The method of dynamic subsidence based on numerical simulation software and respected to mining critical degree and advancing rate was put forward, and corresponded algorithm was established. Asymmetry of surface horizontal displacement was discovered in loose layer mine area, and the inadaptability, volume constant in rock deformation of classical prediction model for soft rock and loose layer mine area, was pointed out. Horizontal displace prediction in soft rock and loose layer mine area was solved by numerical simulation software based on above algorithm.
The situation of mining under surface objects will be more obvious with coal resources rabidly reducing in China. The movement and deformation of strata and surface induced by underground mining, is a varied process. Accuracy prediction of surface movement and deformation in mining process, it plays an important role to surface projected objects. The rules of dynamic surface movement and deformation for underground mining were obtained by analysing the surface observation data, and nonlinear integration ratio of width to depth was put forward based on subsidence factor model in thick loose layer mine area, which suitably estimated the roles of loose layer in the whole overburden depth. The prediction model of dynamic surface movement and deformation was established based on the assumption of Knothe dynamic subsidence and calculation function of time influence factor c respect to mining critical degree and panel stopped time was also proposed. Revised subsidence factor was put forward based on Knothe influence function. The method of dynamic subsidence based on numerical simulation software and respected to mining critical degree and advancing rate was put forward, and corresponded algorithm was established. Asymmetry of surface horizontal displacement was discovered in loose layer mine area, and the inadaptability, volume constant in rock deformation of classical prediction model for soft rock and loose layer mine area, was pointed out. Horizontal displace prediction in soft rock and loose layer mine area was solved by numerical simulation software based on above algorithm.
引文
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