粉煤灰特性及其浮选法脱炭的试验研究
摘要
粉煤灰是煤粉经过燃烧后形成的一种粘土类的火山灰质细粒分散状残余物,主要来源于以煤为动力原料的火力发电厂和燃煤的企业大户。粉煤灰的危害可以大致分为水域危害、大气危害和土壤危害。国外对粉煤灰资源化利用的程度比国内的高。国内对粉煤灰的利用主要在建筑建材、回收利用、环境保护、新型农业等多个领域,在建材行业的应用比例要大一些。尽管如此,粉煤灰的消极影响对我国的水资源和土地资源造成的压力依然很大,尤其对我国电力行业可持续发展有着严重的制约作用。
本论文采用陕西渭北某电厂的原状粉煤灰试样,对其物理性质,化学组成、矿物成分、颗粒特性及表面活性等进行系统研究的基础上,采用泡沫浮选的方法,以降低粉煤灰中的未燃炭含量,得出了适用于本论文所采用的原状粉煤灰的浮选脱炭工艺流程,同时得到了国标(GB1596-91)所规定的Ⅰ级标准的粉煤灰,为粉煤灰的大用量,多领域,深层次,资源化的综合利用创造了前提条件。
试验结果表明:选择轻柴油作为捕收剂,用量为600g/t;仲辛醇作为起泡剂,用量为600g/t;浮选时间为4min;药剂与矿浆作用时间为1min;矿浆浓度为30%;充气量为0.30 m~3/(m~2·min)时,可得到产率大于80%,烧失量小于5%的粉煤灰尾矿,符合国标(GBl596—91)对I级粉煤灰烧失量的标准;以及产率大于10%,烧失量大于60%的炭精矿。不仅回收了粉煤灰中未燃尽的炭粒,更重要的是降低了粉煤灰的含炭量,为粉煤灰的大规模综合利用创造条件。
Fly ash is a clay-like volcanic ash fine scattered remnant that the coal powder burnt, mainly from fuel-burning power plant that coal as raw materials and lager enterprises relied on burning coal. Harmfulness of fly ash includes in waters damage, atmosphere pollution, and soil destoried. The use degree of fly ash abroad is higher than domestic. The mainly usages of fly ash are taking on architectures, recycles, environmental protection, new agriculture, and so on, and a large number of fly ash are applied in the building materials industry. Nevertheless, the negative effects of fly ash still place high pressure on water and land resources in our country, especially seriously restricting the sustainable development of domestic electric power industry.
In this paper, undisturbed fly ash samples from a power plant in Weibei of Shan xi were as raw materials, basing on the system research of physical properties, chemical composition, mineral composition, particle characteristics and surface activity, and using foam flotation method in order to reduce the unburned carbon content in fly ash obtained the flotation decarburization process which was applicable to the undisturbed fly ash in the paper. The classification fly ash that the national standard stipulated was obtained simultaneously. This created the preconditions for large amount of fly ash in various fields, in-depth and comprehensive utilization of resource.
The results showed that the fly ash tailings with the yield more than 80 percent and ignition loss less than 5 percent were obtained, which meet the national standard (GB1596-91) on the ignition loss standards of I-class fly ash, when choosing light disedel as collector (dosage of 600g/t), 2-octanol as frother (dosage of 600g/t), and the flotation time was 4 minters, the reaction time between reagent and pulp was 1 minter, the pulp density was 30 percent, the inflating volume was 0.30 m~3/(m~2·min). Not only were the unburned carbon particles in fly ash recycled, more importantly, reducing the carbon content of fly ash to create the conditions for large comprehensive utilization.
本论文采用陕西渭北某电厂的原状粉煤灰试样,对其物理性质,化学组成、矿物成分、颗粒特性及表面活性等进行系统研究的基础上,采用泡沫浮选的方法,以降低粉煤灰中的未燃炭含量,得出了适用于本论文所采用的原状粉煤灰的浮选脱炭工艺流程,同时得到了国标(GB1596-91)所规定的Ⅰ级标准的粉煤灰,为粉煤灰的大用量,多领域,深层次,资源化的综合利用创造了前提条件。
试验结果表明:选择轻柴油作为捕收剂,用量为600g/t;仲辛醇作为起泡剂,用量为600g/t;浮选时间为4min;药剂与矿浆作用时间为1min;矿浆浓度为30%;充气量为0.30 m~3/(m~2·min)时,可得到产率大于80%,烧失量小于5%的粉煤灰尾矿,符合国标(GBl596—91)对I级粉煤灰烧失量的标准;以及产率大于10%,烧失量大于60%的炭精矿。不仅回收了粉煤灰中未燃尽的炭粒,更重要的是降低了粉煤灰的含炭量,为粉煤灰的大规模综合利用创造条件。
Fly ash is a clay-like volcanic ash fine scattered remnant that the coal powder burnt, mainly from fuel-burning power plant that coal as raw materials and lager enterprises relied on burning coal. Harmfulness of fly ash includes in waters damage, atmosphere pollution, and soil destoried. The use degree of fly ash abroad is higher than domestic. The mainly usages of fly ash are taking on architectures, recycles, environmental protection, new agriculture, and so on, and a large number of fly ash are applied in the building materials industry. Nevertheless, the negative effects of fly ash still place high pressure on water and land resources in our country, especially seriously restricting the sustainable development of domestic electric power industry.
In this paper, undisturbed fly ash samples from a power plant in Weibei of Shan xi were as raw materials, basing on the system research of physical properties, chemical composition, mineral composition, particle characteristics and surface activity, and using foam flotation method in order to reduce the unburned carbon content in fly ash obtained the flotation decarburization process which was applicable to the undisturbed fly ash in the paper. The classification fly ash that the national standard stipulated was obtained simultaneously. This created the preconditions for large amount of fly ash in various fields, in-depth and comprehensive utilization of resource.
The results showed that the fly ash tailings with the yield more than 80 percent and ignition loss less than 5 percent were obtained, which meet the national standard (GB1596-91) on the ignition loss standards of I-class fly ash, when choosing light disedel as collector (dosage of 600g/t), 2-octanol as frother (dosage of 600g/t), and the flotation time was 4 minters, the reaction time between reagent and pulp was 1 minter, the pulp density was 30 percent, the inflating volume was 0.30 m~3/(m~2·min). Not only were the unburned carbon particles in fly ash recycled, more importantly, reducing the carbon content of fly ash to create the conditions for large comprehensive utilization.
引文
[1]工业电器网(www.dian168.com)
[2]中国电力企业联合会网站(www.cec.org.cn)
[3]陶勇.粉煤灰的加工处理和综合利用现状[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2009,77(4): 12~15.
[4]张浩,许荣华.粉煤灰资源化利用及其展望[J].山西能源与节能,2008 (2): 21~23.
[5]刘文永,付海明,等.高掺量粉煤灰固结材料[M] .北京:中国建材工业出版社,2007.11.
[6]王福元,吴正严.粉煤灰利用手册[M] .北京:中国电力出版社,2004.10第二版.
[7]姚哲,支楠,刘媛媛.高掺量粉煤灰砌块制备的实验研究[J].砖瓦,2009 (253),10~13.
[8] Snigdha Sushil, Vidya S Batra. Analysis of Fly Ash Heavy Metal Content and Disposal in Three Thermal Power Plants in India [J]. Fuel, 2006(85): 2676~2679.
[9] Manjit Singh, Mridul Garg. Durability of Cementing Binders Based on Fly Ash and Other Wastes [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2007(21):2012~ 2016.
[10]孔令炜.贵州粉煤灰活化作用研究:[学位论文].贵阳:贵州大学,2006.
[11]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝土[M] .北京:科学出版社,2001.
[12]韩怀强,蒋挺大.粉煤灰利用技术[M] .北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[13]沈旦申.粉煤灰混凝土[M] .北京:中国铁道出版社,1989.2.
[14]吕剑明,吕海涛,刘远,等.贵州粉煤灰综合利用分析与展望[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2008(3)44~46.
[15]何凤山.必须重视粉煤灰综合利用[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2001,(1): 47~48.
[16]袁春香.南京市粉煤灰综合利用现状及发展思考[J].改革与开放,2007(6):31~32.
[17]何新露,常治铁,张丛香.粉煤灰选炭的试验研究[J].粉煤灰,1999,11(3):6~91
[18]边炳鑫,李哲,何京东,等.泡沫浮选粉煤灰中炭粒的研究[J].矿产综合利用,1997(2):14~16.
[19]张国胜,边炳鑫.粉煤灰中炭粒的浮选试验研究[J].选煤技术,2003(4):8~11.
[20]张覃,唐云,邱跃琴,等.从粉煤灰中分选精煤的研究[J].煤炭科学技术.2001(29)5: 39~42.
[21]黎强,陈昌和,杨玉芬,等.粉煤灰的微观结构与脱碳方法的实验比较[J].选煤技术.2003,1:11~14.
[22]何新露.粉煤灰选炭的试验研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,1999(5).
[23]许志华.煤炭加工利用概论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988.43~56.
[24]罗道成,易平贵,陈安国,等.提高细粒褐煤造粒浮选效果的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27 (4 ):4 06~411.
[25]选矿手册(第三卷第二分册).北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[26] Xu Zhenghe. A study of hydrophobic coagulation [J].J. Coll. Interf. Sci 1990, 134(2): 427~434.
[27] Xu Zhenghe. The role of hydrophobic interactions in coagulation [J].J. Coll. Interf. Sci 1989, 132(2): 532~541.
[28]中国国家标准, GB21596291,1991年
[29] Peng Suping, Wang LiGang. Morphology characteristics study to interface between granules in autoclaved cellular concrete [J].JournalofChinaCoalSociety,1999(3).
[30] P Fournier.NewEnglandConstruction,STI公司提供资料,1996年2月
[31] J.G.Gropp oetal.Classification and froth flotation of fly ash for producing high-quality pozzolan Mineral&Metallurgical Processing 1999, 16(3):34~36
[32] Shao Jingbang, et al. Fly ash utilization in China, XXInternational Mineral Processing Congress,1997 (5):109~119.
[33] Yin Jian, Zhou Shiqiong, Xie Youjun, et al. Investigation on compounding and application of C80～C100 high- performancecon crete[J] .Cem Concr Res, 2002, 32( 2) : 173~177.
[34] Creelman R A, Ward C R. A scanning electron microscope method for automated, quantitative analysis of mineral in coal [J]. Int J of Coal Geol.1996 (30) :249～269.
[35] Stanislav V Vassilev, Christina G Vassileva. A new approach for the classification of coal fly ashes based on their origin, composition, properties and Behaviour [J]. Fuel, 2007 (86):1490～1512.
[36]张再勇,姚哲,许文.活化粉煤灰煅烧后的胶凝特性研究[J],新材料新装饰,2007 (12),109～113.
[37]姚哲,彭龙贵,王亚妮,等.高掺量粉煤灰环保水泥制备的试验研究与探讨[J],西安科技大学学报,2008 (28),215～219.
[2]中国电力企业联合会网站(www.cec.org.cn)
[3]陶勇.粉煤灰的加工处理和综合利用现状[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2009,77(4): 12~15.
[4]张浩,许荣华.粉煤灰资源化利用及其展望[J].山西能源与节能,2008 (2): 21~23.
[5]刘文永,付海明,等.高掺量粉煤灰固结材料[M] .北京:中国建材工业出版社,2007.11.
[6]王福元,吴正严.粉煤灰利用手册[M] .北京:中国电力出版社,2004.10第二版.
[7]姚哲,支楠,刘媛媛.高掺量粉煤灰砌块制备的实验研究[J].砖瓦,2009 (253),10~13.
[8] Snigdha Sushil, Vidya S Batra. Analysis of Fly Ash Heavy Metal Content and Disposal in Three Thermal Power Plants in India [J]. Fuel, 2006(85): 2676~2679.
[9] Manjit Singh, Mridul Garg. Durability of Cementing Binders Based on Fly Ash and Other Wastes [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2007(21):2012~ 2016.
[10]孔令炜.贵州粉煤灰活化作用研究:[学位论文].贵阳:贵州大学,2006.
[11]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝土[M] .北京:科学出版社,2001.
[12]韩怀强,蒋挺大.粉煤灰利用技术[M] .北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[13]沈旦申.粉煤灰混凝土[M] .北京:中国铁道出版社,1989.2.
[14]吕剑明,吕海涛,刘远,等.贵州粉煤灰综合利用分析与展望[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2008(3)44~46.
[15]何凤山.必须重视粉煤灰综合利用[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2001,(1): 47~48.
[16]袁春香.南京市粉煤灰综合利用现状及发展思考[J].改革与开放,2007(6):31~32.
[17]何新露,常治铁,张丛香.粉煤灰选炭的试验研究[J].粉煤灰,1999,11(3):6~91
[18]边炳鑫,李哲,何京东,等.泡沫浮选粉煤灰中炭粒的研究[J].矿产综合利用,1997(2):14~16.
[19]张国胜,边炳鑫.粉煤灰中炭粒的浮选试验研究[J].选煤技术,2003(4):8~11.
[20]张覃,唐云,邱跃琴,等.从粉煤灰中分选精煤的研究[J].煤炭科学技术.2001(29)5: 39~42.
[21]黎强,陈昌和,杨玉芬,等.粉煤灰的微观结构与脱碳方法的实验比较[J].选煤技术.2003,1:11~14.
[22]何新露.粉煤灰选炭的试验研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,1999(5).
[23]许志华.煤炭加工利用概论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988.43~56.
[24]罗道成,易平贵,陈安国,等.提高细粒褐煤造粒浮选效果的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27 (4 ):4 06~411.
[25]选矿手册(第三卷第二分册).北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[26] Xu Zhenghe. A study of hydrophobic coagulation [J].J. Coll. Interf. Sci 1990, 134(2): 427~434.
[27] Xu Zhenghe. The role of hydrophobic interactions in coagulation [J].J. Coll. Interf. Sci 1989, 132(2): 532~541.
[28]中国国家标准, GB21596291,1991年
[29] Peng Suping, Wang LiGang. Morphology characteristics study to interface between granules in autoclaved cellular concrete [J].JournalofChinaCoalSociety,1999(3).
[30] P Fournier.NewEnglandConstruction,STI公司提供资料,1996年2月
[31] J.G.Gropp oetal.Classification and froth flotation of fly ash for producing high-quality pozzolan Mineral&Metallurgical Processing 1999, 16(3):34~36
[32] Shao Jingbang, et al. Fly ash utilization in China, XXInternational Mineral Processing Congress,1997 (5):109~119.
[33] Yin Jian, Zhou Shiqiong, Xie Youjun, et al. Investigation on compounding and application of C80～C100 high- performancecon crete[J] .Cem Concr Res, 2002, 32( 2) : 173~177.
[34] Creelman R A, Ward C R. A scanning electron microscope method for automated, quantitative analysis of mineral in coal [J]. Int J of Coal Geol.1996 (30) :249～269.
[35] Stanislav V Vassilev, Christina G Vassileva. A new approach for the classification of coal fly ashes based on their origin, composition, properties and Behaviour [J]. Fuel, 2007 (86):1490～1512.
[36]张再勇,姚哲,许文.活化粉煤灰煅烧后的胶凝特性研究[J],新材料新装饰,2007 (12),109～113.
[37]姚哲,彭龙贵,王亚妮,等.高掺量粉煤灰环保水泥制备的试验研究与探讨[J],西安科技大学学报,2008 (28),215～219.
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