循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰摩擦电选脱炭的研究
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摘要
脱炭粉煤灰资源化利用对节能减排和循环经济具有重要的意义，摩擦电选在粉煤灰脱炭领域具有较强的技术优势，具有非常广阔的应用前景。
本文紧密围绕粉煤灰高效脱炭开展了理论和实验研究工作。分析了摩擦电选摩擦带电器内气固流动特性，对摩擦棒不同分布、间距、截面的摩擦带电器内气固两相流场进行了数值模拟研究，对各摩擦带电器内的颗粒的摩擦碰撞效果进行了研究，得到摩擦带电器的最优结构模型；建立了摩擦带电器内颗粒碰撞特性实验研究系统，运用非接触式测量手段-红外热像技术对摩擦带电器可视化模型的温度场分布进行了实验研究，建立了评价摩擦带电器内颗粒摩擦碰撞的新方法；建立了颗粒摩擦带电实验系统，以单一矿物质和循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰为实验介质，分析了正、负极板各区间的带电颗粒质量和产率分布规律，详细考察了各摩擦带电器的摩擦带电效果；研究了正、负极板各区间烧失量的变化规律，从平均烧失量、负极板脱炭率和脱炭效率指数三方面，对各摩擦带电器的脱炭效果进行了对比研究；探索了带电效果和脱炭效果较好的摩擦带电器结构模型，为粉煤灰摩擦电选高效脱炭的进一步实际应用提供理论基础和技术支持。
对气固两相流动的数值模拟研究表明，气固流场分布与摩擦棒分布、间距、截面密切相关，颗粒在各摩擦带电器内运动和碰撞特性不同。正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器内气流加速状态较好，高速气团面积较大且分布比较均匀，颗粒运动路径较长，颗粒速度震荡变化剧烈，由碰撞引起速度变化的颗粒数量最多，颗粒运动分散性较好，运动轨迹分布均匀，颗粒在摩擦带电器内停留时间长，摩擦碰撞效果最好。
摩擦带电器内颗粒的碰撞特性实验研究表明，摩擦带电器内温度场分布不均匀，温度受风量、颗粒运动及碰撞效果的影响大，温度场分布特征由摩擦棒分布、间距、截面所决定。摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器温度场内各温区温度较高，颗粒与摩擦棒发生碰撞概率较大，颗粒摩擦碰撞效果最好。该结论与气固两相流场数值模拟相吻合，温度场分布规律可以间接反映颗粒运动的摩擦碰撞特性。
对单一矿物和循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰(简称CFBB粉煤灰）进行摩擦带电实验研究表明，除风量、电压和粒径因素以外，摩擦棒分布、间距和截面对带电颗粒质量和带电比例的影响较大。颗粒摩擦带电不均匀，电极板各区间内的质量和产率分布差异较大。沿着颗粒运动方向，极板各区间带电颗粒质量和产率逐渐减小，正、负极板第一区间吸附的颗粒质量最多，带电颗粒荷质比最高。各摩擦带电器在第一、二区间的带电颗粒质量和带电比例差异性最大。摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器，带电颗粒质量和带电比例较高，带电颗粒在电极板第一、二区间内质量较多，摩擦带电效果最好。
对CFBB粉煤灰摩擦电选脱炭规律及效果进行比较研究，结果表明：摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器，正极板第一区间及平均烧失量最大，负极板第一区间及平均烧失量最小，负极板平均脱炭率和脱炭效率指数最高，综合脱炭效果最好，可以用于CFBB粉煤灰高效脱炭工艺流程。
The utilization of fly ash removing unburned carbon is very significant forenergy conservation, emissions reduction and recycling economy.Thetriboelectrostatic separation has obviously technological advantages and very broadapplication prospects in fly ash removing unburned carbon field.
This paper focused on the theoretical and experimental research work about thefly ash removing unburned carbon.The flow characteristics of gas and solid phase inthe friction device was analyzed.The flow field numerical simulation of gas-solidphases was achieved in the friction devices with different friction rod structure.Theparticles friction collision in the friction device was investigated in order to find theoptimal structure friction device model. The experiment system for particles collisionsin the friction devices was established.The temperature field distribution of the visualfriction devices was investigated by using non-contact measurement method—infrared thermal imaging technology.To point out a new method for evaluating theparticles friction and collision. The triboelectrification experimental system wasestablished.The experimental medium were single mineral and CFBB fly ash.Theelectrode section particles mass and yield distribution was analysed.The frictioncharged effect of all kinds of friction devices was compared. The LOI variety ofelectrode section was researched.To make a comparative study for removing unburnedcarbon effect in diferent friction devices according to average LOI, removingunburned carbon ratio and efficiency exponent.To probe into an optimal structure ofthe friction devices.These would provide the theoretical basis and technical supportfor the further practical application of fly ash removing unburned carbon withtriboelectrostatic separation.
According to the numerical simulation results, the gas-solid flow fielddistribution is closely related with the distribution, spacing, section of frictionrods.The particles in friction devices have different characteristics in movement andcollision.The friction device with regular triangle distribution, spacing20mm, circularsection is an optimal structure.The airflow is accelerated in better station.Thehigh-speed air mass area is biggish and well-proportioned distribution.The particlesmovement path is longer and particles velocity changes concussively.The particlesnumber of velocity variation is the most because of collision.The particles movementis more decentralized and motion trajectory distribution is well-proportioned.The residence time in friction devices is longer.The friction and collision effect may aswell.
The particles collision research shows that the temperature field distribution inthe friction devices is nonuniform.The temperature is under the great influence ofairflow, particles movement and collision. The temperature distribution is effected bythe distribution, spacing and section of friction rods.The temperature is higher for thefriction device with regular triangle distribution, spacing20mm and circularsection.The collision probability between particles and friction rods is bigger and thecollision effect is the best. This conclusion is consistent with flow field numericalsimulation.The temperature field distribution can indirectly reflect the frictioncollision properties of particles movement.
For the friction charged characteristics, experiments with a single minerals andCFBB fly ash show that friction rods’s distribution, spacing and cross section have aneffect on charged particles mass and charged proportion except for air volume, voltageand particles size.The particles electriferous process is asymmetrical.The mass andyield distribution of electrode section is different each other.The mass and yield ofelectrode section decreases gradually along the particles moving direction.There is themost particles mass and the highest charge-mass ratio in the first interval of positiveand negative plates.The difference of particles mass and charged proportion in thefirst and second interval is obvious for friction devices.The friction rod that haveregular triangle distribution, spacing20mm, circular section have more chargedparticles and higher charged proportion, bigger particles mass and higher frictioncharged effect.
Compared with the CFBB fly ash removing unburned carbon effect in differentfriction devices,the results show that the friction rods with regular triangle distribution,spacing20mm and circular section have the best integrative removing unburnedcarbon effect.The first interval and average LOI in the positive plate is maximal andthat of negative plate is minimal. The average removing unburned carbon ratio andefficiency is the best.The friction device can be used to CFBB fly ash removingunburned carbon process.
本文紧密围绕粉煤灰高效脱炭开展了理论和实验研究工作。分析了摩擦电选摩擦带电器内气固流动特性，对摩擦棒不同分布、间距、截面的摩擦带电器内气固两相流场进行了数值模拟研究，对各摩擦带电器内的颗粒的摩擦碰撞效果进行了研究，得到摩擦带电器的最优结构模型；建立了摩擦带电器内颗粒碰撞特性实验研究系统，运用非接触式测量手段-红外热像技术对摩擦带电器可视化模型的温度场分布进行了实验研究，建立了评价摩擦带电器内颗粒摩擦碰撞的新方法；建立了颗粒摩擦带电实验系统，以单一矿物质和循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰为实验介质，分析了正、负极板各区间的带电颗粒质量和产率分布规律，详细考察了各摩擦带电器的摩擦带电效果；研究了正、负极板各区间烧失量的变化规律，从平均烧失量、负极板脱炭率和脱炭效率指数三方面，对各摩擦带电器的脱炭效果进行了对比研究；探索了带电效果和脱炭效果较好的摩擦带电器结构模型，为粉煤灰摩擦电选高效脱炭的进一步实际应用提供理论基础和技术支持。
对气固两相流动的数值模拟研究表明，气固流场分布与摩擦棒分布、间距、截面密切相关，颗粒在各摩擦带电器内运动和碰撞特性不同。正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器内气流加速状态较好，高速气团面积较大且分布比较均匀，颗粒运动路径较长，颗粒速度震荡变化剧烈，由碰撞引起速度变化的颗粒数量最多，颗粒运动分散性较好，运动轨迹分布均匀，颗粒在摩擦带电器内停留时间长，摩擦碰撞效果最好。
摩擦带电器内颗粒的碰撞特性实验研究表明，摩擦带电器内温度场分布不均匀，温度受风量、颗粒运动及碰撞效果的影响大，温度场分布特征由摩擦棒分布、间距、截面所决定。摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器温度场内各温区温度较高，颗粒与摩擦棒发生碰撞概率较大，颗粒摩擦碰撞效果最好。该结论与气固两相流场数值模拟相吻合，温度场分布规律可以间接反映颗粒运动的摩擦碰撞特性。
对单一矿物和循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰(简称CFBB粉煤灰）进行摩擦带电实验研究表明，除风量、电压和粒径因素以外，摩擦棒分布、间距和截面对带电颗粒质量和带电比例的影响较大。颗粒摩擦带电不均匀，电极板各区间内的质量和产率分布差异较大。沿着颗粒运动方向，极板各区间带电颗粒质量和产率逐渐减小，正、负极板第一区间吸附的颗粒质量最多，带电颗粒荷质比最高。各摩擦带电器在第一、二区间的带电颗粒质量和带电比例差异性最大。摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器，带电颗粒质量和带电比例较高，带电颗粒在电极板第一、二区间内质量较多，摩擦带电效果最好。
对CFBB粉煤灰摩擦电选脱炭规律及效果进行比较研究，结果表明：摩擦棒正三角分布、间距20mm、圆形截面的摩擦带电器，正极板第一区间及平均烧失量最大，负极板第一区间及平均烧失量最小，负极板平均脱炭率和脱炭效率指数最高，综合脱炭效果最好，可以用于CFBB粉煤灰高效脱炭工艺流程。
The utilization of fly ash removing unburned carbon is very significant forenergy conservation, emissions reduction and recycling economy.Thetriboelectrostatic separation has obviously technological advantages and very broadapplication prospects in fly ash removing unburned carbon field.
This paper focused on the theoretical and experimental research work about thefly ash removing unburned carbon.The flow characteristics of gas and solid phase inthe friction device was analyzed.The flow field numerical simulation of gas-solidphases was achieved in the friction devices with different friction rod structure.Theparticles friction collision in the friction device was investigated in order to find theoptimal structure friction device model. The experiment system for particles collisionsin the friction devices was established.The temperature field distribution of the visualfriction devices was investigated by using non-contact measurement method—infrared thermal imaging technology.To point out a new method for evaluating theparticles friction and collision. The triboelectrification experimental system wasestablished.The experimental medium were single mineral and CFBB fly ash.Theelectrode section particles mass and yield distribution was analysed.The frictioncharged effect of all kinds of friction devices was compared. The LOI variety ofelectrode section was researched.To make a comparative study for removing unburnedcarbon effect in diferent friction devices according to average LOI, removingunburned carbon ratio and efficiency exponent.To probe into an optimal structure ofthe friction devices.These would provide the theoretical basis and technical supportfor the further practical application of fly ash removing unburned carbon withtriboelectrostatic separation.
According to the numerical simulation results, the gas-solid flow fielddistribution is closely related with the distribution, spacing, section of frictionrods.The particles in friction devices have different characteristics in movement andcollision.The friction device with regular triangle distribution, spacing20mm, circularsection is an optimal structure.The airflow is accelerated in better station.Thehigh-speed air mass area is biggish and well-proportioned distribution.The particlesmovement path is longer and particles velocity changes concussively.The particlesnumber of velocity variation is the most because of collision.The particles movementis more decentralized and motion trajectory distribution is well-proportioned.The residence time in friction devices is longer.The friction and collision effect may aswell.
The particles collision research shows that the temperature field distribution inthe friction devices is nonuniform.The temperature is under the great influence ofairflow, particles movement and collision. The temperature distribution is effected bythe distribution, spacing and section of friction rods.The temperature is higher for thefriction device with regular triangle distribution, spacing20mm and circularsection.The collision probability between particles and friction rods is bigger and thecollision effect is the best. This conclusion is consistent with flow field numericalsimulation.The temperature field distribution can indirectly reflect the frictioncollision properties of particles movement.
For the friction charged characteristics, experiments with a single minerals andCFBB fly ash show that friction rods’s distribution, spacing and cross section have aneffect on charged particles mass and charged proportion except for air volume, voltageand particles size.The particles electriferous process is asymmetrical.The mass andyield distribution of electrode section is different each other.The mass and yield ofelectrode section decreases gradually along the particles moving direction.There is themost particles mass and the highest charge-mass ratio in the first interval of positiveand negative plates.The difference of particles mass and charged proportion in thefirst and second interval is obvious for friction devices.The friction rod that haveregular triangle distribution, spacing20mm, circular section have more chargedparticles and higher charged proportion, bigger particles mass and higher frictioncharged effect.
Compared with the CFBB fly ash removing unburned carbon effect in differentfriction devices,the results show that the friction rods with regular triangle distribution,spacing20mm and circular section have the best integrative removing unburnedcarbon effect.The first interval and average LOI in the positive plate is maximal andthat of negative plate is minimal. The average removing unburned carbon ratio andefficiency is the best.The friction device can be used to CFBB fly ash removingunburned carbon process.
引文
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