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纺织配额取消,中国纺织出口企业如何应对国际主市场的贸易壁垒
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摘要
2005年1月1日所有的纺织出口配额将取消。配额制度的结束,使纺织服装贸易更加自由化,从而可为纺织品出口国创造更多的贸易机会。对于我国纺织服装行业而言,国际市场将更加开放,为纺织服装出口提供了更大的空间。但我们也应看到由配额取消而带来的挑战。配额取消后,所有的市场份额均要靠实力去争取,不再有现在的配额可吃,这将使得国内纺织业面临越来越大的竞争压力。同时纺织服装的贸易环境并不宽松,发达国家还会利用其它的贸易保护措施对我国纺织品和服装出口进行限制。
     由此可见,配额取消为中国纺织服装业带来了新的发展机遇。同时,中国纺织服装业在各国际主市场中无论宏观环境,还是微观运作环境都将发生新的变化。中国纺织服装业现有的发展模式尚难以适应新环境的需要。如何抓住新环境提供的机遇,再现辉煌已成为中国纺织服装业的当务之急。
     本文首先介绍了国际纺织品服装贸易体制的演变,全面、翔实地剖析中国纺织服装业受配额限制情况及配额对中国纺织服装业的影响,同时剖析了中国纺织服装业在国际主市场中的现状以及配额取消后,中国纺织服装业在国际主市场中面临的贸易新环境。在此基础上,分析了中国纺织服装业的国际竞争力,并引入层次分析法(AHP)对中国纺织服装业应对新环境的主要困难及其对发展中国纺织服装业的影响程度进行理论分析,按照问题轻重和影响程度大小进行了排序,提出集中力量按照:(1)提高企业的技术装备水平,(2)集中力量突破技术壁垒,(3)提高员工素质,加快人力资源培训,(4)扩大企业规模,组建企业集团,(5)熟悉各主市场的贸易政策及其变动,(6)提高产品质量,开发特色产品,创建名牌产品,(7)进行产业结构调整,完善现代企业制度的改革,(8)积极应对反倾销,(9)实施差别化的出口市场战略,(10)进行区域结构调整,加大市场开放的力度,充分发挥产业集群的竞争力的主次分明地最优化发展方案。
All textile quotas will be eliminated by Jan.1, 2005. Canceling quota, textile trade will be freer and exporter will have more trade changes. For china's textile industry, international market will be opened; china's share of world export markets for textile is expected to increase substantially. But we must notice that quota have a definite influence on textile export. The nation textile industry will face more vigorous competition if there have no the quota protect. At the same time the developed nation will still make use of other trade protection measure to restrict our country textile product export.
    Canceling quota is not only a new chance for the development of our textile industry but a challenge as well. Either the macro or the microenvironments of each main international market will transform. The current developing model of our textile industry is unable to meet the new requirements. It is urgent for our textile industry to grasp the new opportunity and create the refulgence again.
    This paper introduces the evolvement in international textile trade system, and analyzes the environment of the textile quota and the effect that the quota brings to the china's textile industry. At the same time this paper analyzes the current situation of our textile industry in the main international market roundly and accurately and the new trade environment that our textile industry will face in the main market after canceling textile quota. On the basis of the mentioned above, this paper analyzes the international competition of our textile industry. And using the method of AHP analyzes the main difficulties that our clothing industry will encounter in the new environments and to what extent they will affect its development. According to that, an optimum developing plan is also put forward in this paper, which mainly includes: (1) increasing enterprises' capability on technology and equipment, (2)breaking through technical barriers, (3)enhancing the personnel characteristic and boosting the cultivation
     of talent resources, (4)enlarging enterprises' scope and constituting large textile groups, (5)knowing well the trade policy and chances in main market, (6)increasing product quality and developing characteristic and setting up globally famous brands, (7)carrying out adjustment of industrial structure and completing the reconstruction of modern enterprises' system, (8)actively replying anti-dumping barriers, (9)carrying out the strategies of differential market, (10)implementing regional adjustment.
引文
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