挤压应力作用下的构造变形数值模拟研究
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摘要
挤压构造应力作用下，褶皱构造是最常见的变形构造之一，其在控矿作用中的重要地位不言而喻。本论文首先主要对单层和多层褶皱(以相山数据为基础)变形过程中最大主应力的变化与水平应变之间的关系，以及应变速率等因素对褶皱变形的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明，应变速率等因素对最大主应力的变化有一定影响。
另外，为了对相山盆地火山岩型铀矿的进一步开采进行很好的靶区预测，需要对该区域的构造、流体及相关控矿因素进行进一步的相关研究。在已有地质资料的基础上，本论文主要运用数值模拟软件FLAC，分别建立了挤压构造应力作用下相山地区平面和剖面地质构造-流体耦合模型，通过把构造活动与成矿流体迁移作为一个耦合系统，来研究矿体的分布规律。
通过模拟计算，剖面模型模拟再现了挤压构造应力作用下相山盆地各地层发生变形、以及成矿流体在成矿前期挤压构造应力场作用下运移汇聚的过程。结果表明：(1)在挤压应力场作用下，断裂带和褶皱的存在对成矿流体的汇聚部位有一定影响。(2)在挤压应力场作用下，各个地层局部有张性断裂区域出现，而且随着挤压变形程度的加大张性断裂空间呈上移趋势，当应力继续作用时，大量张性破裂联通，从而为矿体赋存提供有利空间。(3)在挤压应力场作用下，邹-石断裂附近有菱形格子状剪切带形成，这与实际区域中各次级断裂构造分布格局相一致，由于各级次级断裂也属于容矿构造，说明挤压应力场是成矿的重要前提条件，剪切变形是很好的控矿因素。
平面模型主要研究了挤压应力作用下矿区的主要控矿因素及成矿的力学机理，探讨区域构造应力场(主要讨论与成矿作用密切相关的剪切应变、体积应变等)的变化过程，以及断裂带附近的孔隙压力变化。结果表明：(1)在挤压应力作用下，相山西部地区邹-石断裂带的北东段和西南段是剪切应变、体积应变由极大值向极小值过渡的构造部位，容易产生扩容现象，有利于矿体的形成。(2)岩石孔隙内流体压力的变化主要受体积应变控制，应力的直接作用是使岩石孔隙体积发生非线性变化，对流体压力变化的影响是通过岩石孔隙体积变化实现的，是间接的。
经过综合分析和与其它资料相对比，数值模型可以对相山西部地区的铀矿开采工作起到指导作用，为进一步找矿提供线索。
Fold structure is one of the most typical structures under compressive stress. Firstly, We studied the maximum principal stress and horizontal strain during the deformation of single fold and multi-layer fold and the effect of strain velocity on fold deformation under compressive stress. The results show that the strain velocity mainly affects maximum principal stress.
Furthermore, for the forecast of volcanic-type U-deposits in Xiangshan basin, the ore-controlling problem in this region need to be further studied. On the basis of known geological data, the numerical simulation software FLAC is used in this paper to establish structure-fluid coupling section model and plane model respectively, using the structural movement and ore-forming fluid transportation as a coupling system to study the distributing rules of ore bodies.
Through the simulations, the section model represents the process of strata deformations and fluid transportation under compressive stress before mineralization. The results show that, (1) the fault and fold have certainly effects on the mixing locations of ore-forming fluid under compressive stress. And (2) some tensile areas appear under compressive stress. Moreover, the tensile areas move upward with the increasing deformation and a great deal of tensile fractures combined to provide favorable spaces for mineralization. And (3) some rhombic shear zones are formed near the Zou-Shi fault, which is consistent with the distribution of secondary faults in the real region. Because the secondary faults are also ore-hosting structures, it shows that compressive stress field is important precondition and shearing deformation is good ore-controlling factor.
In the plane model, the main ore-controlling factors and dynamic mechanism are studied, discussing the variation process of regional structural stress field, (including the shear strain and volumetric strain that is closely related with mineralization), and the variation of pore pressure in adjacent regions of Zou-Shi fault. The results show that, (1) The NE and SW sections of Zou-Shi fault in the west of Xiangshan basin are transitional structural locations between maximum values to minimum values of shear strain and volumetric strain, where is easy to produce dilatancy phenomena and form ore bodies. And (2) the pore pressure is mainly controlled by volumetric strain. Stress can directly make the pore volume change, and indirectly control the variation of pore pressure changed by the pore volume.
Finally, through the general analysis and comparison with other dada, it shows that the model can instruct the exploration of uranium deposits in west of Xiangshan basin and provide clues for further exploration.
另外，为了对相山盆地火山岩型铀矿的进一步开采进行很好的靶区预测，需要对该区域的构造、流体及相关控矿因素进行进一步的相关研究。在已有地质资料的基础上，本论文主要运用数值模拟软件FLAC，分别建立了挤压构造应力作用下相山地区平面和剖面地质构造-流体耦合模型，通过把构造活动与成矿流体迁移作为一个耦合系统，来研究矿体的分布规律。
通过模拟计算，剖面模型模拟再现了挤压构造应力作用下相山盆地各地层发生变形、以及成矿流体在成矿前期挤压构造应力场作用下运移汇聚的过程。结果表明：(1)在挤压应力场作用下，断裂带和褶皱的存在对成矿流体的汇聚部位有一定影响。(2)在挤压应力场作用下，各个地层局部有张性断裂区域出现，而且随着挤压变形程度的加大张性断裂空间呈上移趋势，当应力继续作用时，大量张性破裂联通，从而为矿体赋存提供有利空间。(3)在挤压应力场作用下，邹-石断裂附近有菱形格子状剪切带形成，这与实际区域中各次级断裂构造分布格局相一致，由于各级次级断裂也属于容矿构造，说明挤压应力场是成矿的重要前提条件，剪切变形是很好的控矿因素。
平面模型主要研究了挤压应力作用下矿区的主要控矿因素及成矿的力学机理，探讨区域构造应力场(主要讨论与成矿作用密切相关的剪切应变、体积应变等)的变化过程，以及断裂带附近的孔隙压力变化。结果表明：(1)在挤压应力作用下，相山西部地区邹-石断裂带的北东段和西南段是剪切应变、体积应变由极大值向极小值过渡的构造部位，容易产生扩容现象，有利于矿体的形成。(2)岩石孔隙内流体压力的变化主要受体积应变控制，应力的直接作用是使岩石孔隙体积发生非线性变化，对流体压力变化的影响是通过岩石孔隙体积变化实现的，是间接的。
经过综合分析和与其它资料相对比，数值模型可以对相山西部地区的铀矿开采工作起到指导作用，为进一步找矿提供线索。
Fold structure is one of the most typical structures under compressive stress. Firstly, We studied the maximum principal stress and horizontal strain during the deformation of single fold and multi-layer fold and the effect of strain velocity on fold deformation under compressive stress. The results show that the strain velocity mainly affects maximum principal stress.
Furthermore, for the forecast of volcanic-type U-deposits in Xiangshan basin, the ore-controlling problem in this region need to be further studied. On the basis of known geological data, the numerical simulation software FLAC is used in this paper to establish structure-fluid coupling section model and plane model respectively, using the structural movement and ore-forming fluid transportation as a coupling system to study the distributing rules of ore bodies.
Through the simulations, the section model represents the process of strata deformations and fluid transportation under compressive stress before mineralization. The results show that, (1) the fault and fold have certainly effects on the mixing locations of ore-forming fluid under compressive stress. And (2) some tensile areas appear under compressive stress. Moreover, the tensile areas move upward with the increasing deformation and a great deal of tensile fractures combined to provide favorable spaces for mineralization. And (3) some rhombic shear zones are formed near the Zou-Shi fault, which is consistent with the distribution of secondary faults in the real region. Because the secondary faults are also ore-hosting structures, it shows that compressive stress field is important precondition and shearing deformation is good ore-controlling factor.
In the plane model, the main ore-controlling factors and dynamic mechanism are studied, discussing the variation process of regional structural stress field, (including the shear strain and volumetric strain that is closely related with mineralization), and the variation of pore pressure in adjacent regions of Zou-Shi fault. The results show that, (1) The NE and SW sections of Zou-Shi fault in the west of Xiangshan basin are transitional structural locations between maximum values to minimum values of shear strain and volumetric strain, where is easy to produce dilatancy phenomena and form ore bodies. And (2) the pore pressure is mainly controlled by volumetric strain. Stress can directly make the pore volume change, and indirectly control the variation of pore pressure changed by the pore volume.
Finally, through the general analysis and comparison with other dada, it shows that the model can instruct the exploration of uranium deposits in west of Xiangshan basin and provide clues for further exploration.
引文
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