巷道掘进工作面瞬变电磁超前探测机理与技术研究
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摘要
巷道掘进前方隐伏的导、含水构造极易造成矿井突水事故的发生,对煤矿的安全生产构成了极大的威胁。研究和应用非接触式的地球物理超前探测技术,准确及时地预报掘进前方隐伏的导、含水构造,对于煤矿的防治水工作与安全生产具有十分重要的现实意义。瞬变电磁超前探测技术具有方便快捷、对含水构造反映灵敏、探测距离大等许多优点,目前在我国许多矿区展开了应用,但理论研究相对滞后。本文综合应用数值模拟、物理模拟、井下实体实验等方法与手段,对瞬变电磁超前探测机理与技术进行了系统研究。论文的主要成果及创新点如下:
(1)根据煤系地层成层分布的地电断面特征与瞬变电磁井下超前探测方法,提出了全空间磁偶源垂直层理与平行层理的激发概念;
(2)基于瞬变电磁场的扩散方程,建立了2.5D时间域瞬变电磁场的有限差分方程,采用余弦滤波技术解决了波数域激发源的设置问题,编制了2.5D全空间瞬变电磁场时间域有限差分程序;
(3)运用自编有限差分程序,模拟呈现了磁偶源垂直层理激发与平行层理激发两种方式下全空间瞬变电场的扩散衰减过程,得到了不同地电断面瞬变磁场的响应特征,并根据瞬变电磁超前探测需要解决的地质问题,研究了含断层、陷落柱层状全空间瞬变电磁场的扩散衰减规律与响应特征,进而揭示了瞬变电磁超前探测技术机理;
(4)自主设计了含巷道空间的瞬变电磁超前探测物理模拟实验系统,对不同地质构造进行了物理模拟,得到了瞬变电磁超前探测数据采集方式下不同异常体的响应特征;
(5)通过井下现场实验,总结分析了掘进机械对瞬变电磁超前探测结果的影响特点,给出了规避其干扰的施工距离。
Buried water conducting passages and water-bearing structures before the roadway drivage face may easily lead to water bursts in coal mines, greatly affecting the safety and efficiency in coal mine production. The development of a new geophysical technology to detect buried water conducting passages and to predict water-bearing structures accurately and instantaneously is of great operational importance. For its many advantages, such as rapid and convenient operation, long detection distance, the advanced detection technology with transient electromagnetic method has been applied in many coal mines of China, but study on its basic principle is not enough. A synthetically study means combined with numerical simulation, physical modeling and practical application is applied to study the mechanism and technology of advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method. The achievements and innovations as following:
(1) According to the geoelectric characters of the coal-bearing strata and the transient electromagnetic advanced detecting method, the concept, that the exciting direction is perpendicular to the stratum and parallel to the stratum in whole space, was proposed;
(2) Based on the diffusion equations of the electromagnetic field, the 2.5D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) equations were established, the exciting source setting in the wave-number space domain was solved by the cosine filtering, the FDTD program was designed for the whole space transient electromagnetic field;
(3) Using the FDTD program, the whole space transient electromagnetic field diffusion process was simulated that the exciting direction is parallel to the stratum, so is done that the exciting direction is perpendicular to the stratum, the response characters of different geoelectric sections were drawn, the response of the fault and the fallen-column was studied and the mechanism of advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method was revealed;
(4) The experiment system used to simulate the advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method in roadway space was designed independently, different geologic structures were simulated and the response of abnormal bodies was gained;
(5) According to the test in mine, the disturbing of the road heading machinery was analyzed; the distance out of its influence was given.
(1)根据煤系地层成层分布的地电断面特征与瞬变电磁井下超前探测方法,提出了全空间磁偶源垂直层理与平行层理的激发概念;
(2)基于瞬变电磁场的扩散方程,建立了2.5D时间域瞬变电磁场的有限差分方程,采用余弦滤波技术解决了波数域激发源的设置问题,编制了2.5D全空间瞬变电磁场时间域有限差分程序;
(3)运用自编有限差分程序,模拟呈现了磁偶源垂直层理激发与平行层理激发两种方式下全空间瞬变电场的扩散衰减过程,得到了不同地电断面瞬变磁场的响应特征,并根据瞬变电磁超前探测需要解决的地质问题,研究了含断层、陷落柱层状全空间瞬变电磁场的扩散衰减规律与响应特征,进而揭示了瞬变电磁超前探测技术机理;
(4)自主设计了含巷道空间的瞬变电磁超前探测物理模拟实验系统,对不同地质构造进行了物理模拟,得到了瞬变电磁超前探测数据采集方式下不同异常体的响应特征;
(5)通过井下现场实验,总结分析了掘进机械对瞬变电磁超前探测结果的影响特点,给出了规避其干扰的施工距离。
Buried water conducting passages and water-bearing structures before the roadway drivage face may easily lead to water bursts in coal mines, greatly affecting the safety and efficiency in coal mine production. The development of a new geophysical technology to detect buried water conducting passages and to predict water-bearing structures accurately and instantaneously is of great operational importance. For its many advantages, such as rapid and convenient operation, long detection distance, the advanced detection technology with transient electromagnetic method has been applied in many coal mines of China, but study on its basic principle is not enough. A synthetically study means combined with numerical simulation, physical modeling and practical application is applied to study the mechanism and technology of advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method. The achievements and innovations as following:
(1) According to the geoelectric characters of the coal-bearing strata and the transient electromagnetic advanced detecting method, the concept, that the exciting direction is perpendicular to the stratum and parallel to the stratum in whole space, was proposed;
(2) Based on the diffusion equations of the electromagnetic field, the 2.5D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) equations were established, the exciting source setting in the wave-number space domain was solved by the cosine filtering, the FDTD program was designed for the whole space transient electromagnetic field;
(3) Using the FDTD program, the whole space transient electromagnetic field diffusion process was simulated that the exciting direction is parallel to the stratum, so is done that the exciting direction is perpendicular to the stratum, the response characters of different geoelectric sections were drawn, the response of the fault and the fallen-column was studied and the mechanism of advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method was revealed;
(4) The experiment system used to simulate the advanced detection with transient electromagnetic method in roadway space was designed independently, different geologic structures were simulated and the response of abnormal bodies was gained;
(5) According to the test in mine, the disturbing of the road heading machinery was analyzed; the distance out of its influence was given.
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