基于开关磁阻电机的汽车ISAD系统研究与实践
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摘要
开关磁阻电机(SRM)以其结构简单、坚固、低成本、高容错运行能力、低速高转矩特性、和高温运行能力等优点,目前已经得到越来越广泛的应用,其中也包括适用于航空和汽车上的起动/发电系统。本文针对SR电机作为汽车起动/发电系统的起动机兼发电机,研究起动性能和发电性能;针对SR电机作为汽车ISAD(Integrated Started Alternator Damper),全面分析了原理及系统设计。其中将以三相6/4 SR电机为代表介绍原理以及发电试验研究,以24/16 SR电机讨论ISAD方案设计,并以新型六相12/10结构的SR电机作各种特性的分析研究。全文从基本理论、有限元仿真及CAD同试验相结合的研究方法开展了一系列工作。
本文首先介绍了开关磁阻电机的基本结构拓扑、运行原理以及基本理论,电动以及发电运行和控制模式,最后对一台三相6/4结构的开关磁阻电机样机进行了发电实验研究,给出了分别变开通、关断角以及发电角度优化控制结果。
在ISAD系统方案设计中,首先结合内燃机的功率、扭矩和总阻力矩等各项性能参数,对ISAD的匹配性能作了研究,给出了设计依据,以及总体设计方案,提出电机设计中起动阻力矩的计算以及发电功率的确定,从而确定了设计目标,然后根据该目标选择、确立开关磁阻电机方案的电机电磁参数、控制电路以及实施方案,最后对该设计电机进行了起动助动发电的仿真研究,验证24/16结构开关磁阻电机ISAD总体方案的可行性。
本课题全新构思了六相12/10结构开关磁阻电机,并详细进行了设计、仿真、试验分析研究,设计中先给出了SR电机主要参数计算关系,接着通过使用ANSOFT软件中RMxprt电机优化设计模块设计了2.5kW电机参数,并研制了该样机。结合试验对比研究,验证了电机设计和矩角特性及包括起动在内的电动特性以及发电特性仿真分析的正确性。
在基于ANSOFT的六相12/10开关磁阻电机优化设计的研究与仿真基础上,本文最后介绍了SRM结构拓扑发展状况,给出了相数对SRM的起动性能、转矩波动以及容错性等性能的影响,同时针对柴油机和汽油机ISAD要求,借助RMxprt和MAXWELL 2D V11软件,分析了开关磁阻主要参数对其主要性能的影响及优化设计。总结了了六相12/10结构开关磁阻电机应用于汽车ISAD系统中的优越性。
Compared with other motors, Switched Reluctance Motor stands out with such features as simpler and firmer structure, lower cost, better error tolerance, normal function in higher temperature and bigger torque in low speed, etc. Thus, it has presently found wider application in many fields including Starter/Generator (S/G) system of aviation and automobile. In this project, SRM was adopted as the starter and generator for an automobile starting/generating system, and it’s performance was researched respectively. The principle and systematic design was presented with SRM as the automobile ISAD (Integrated Started Alternator Damper). The main research focuses are as follows: motor theory presentation and experiments research into three-phase 6/4 SR mote; scheme design for ISAD system through an analysis of 24/16 SRM; analytical study on it’s characteristics based on the SRM with a new six-phase 12/10 structure. A series of researches were carried out with a successful combination of the basic theory, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experiments.
Firstly, this paper discussed the basic structure topology and performance theory including driving and generating operation and control modes of SRM. Then an experiment on the generating operation had been conducted on a prototype of three-phase 6/4 SRM. Finally, an optimizing control method of lead angle of trigger and trigger pulse width had been developed.
In the system design scheme of ISAD, firstly, the matching function of ISAD was researchd according to the parameters of combustion engine such as power, torque and resistant moment. Thus, the basis and the general scheme for this design were developed. And, the calculation of starting resistant moment in the motor design and generating power were figured out to specify the design target which could be the foundation for the choice of electromagnetic parameters, control circuit and implementation plan for the switched reluctance motor. Finally, a simulation was conducted regarding the starting/ boosting generating operation of the motor to prove the feasibility of the general design scheme of ISAD based on 24/16 switched reluctance motor.
This project proposed a new type six-phase 12/10 SRM, which was carefully designed, simulated and tested. The chief parameter calculation relation of SRM were given followed by the determination of the 2.5KW motor parameter according to the RMxprt, a motor optimized design mode of ANSOFT, and a prototype was thus developed. After carrying out comparative study in testing, the system design was further proved to be well-established and reasonable concerning the motor design, the analysis of the torque-angle feature, motoring/starting feature and the simulation analysis of the generating feature.
In the optimized design of 6-phase 12/10 SRM based on ANSOFT, fistly, we introduced the development of SRM topology structure, analyzed the effect of the phase number on such performance as starting, torque fluctuation and fault tolerance . Secondly, according to the requirements of diesel/ petrol engine ISAD system, the effect of key SRM parameters on the essential performance based on the software RMxprt and MAXWELL 2D V11. Finally, we proved the superiority of the application of the six-phase 12/10 switched reluctance motor to automobile ISAD system.
本文首先介绍了开关磁阻电机的基本结构拓扑、运行原理以及基本理论,电动以及发电运行和控制模式,最后对一台三相6/4结构的开关磁阻电机样机进行了发电实验研究,给出了分别变开通、关断角以及发电角度优化控制结果。
在ISAD系统方案设计中,首先结合内燃机的功率、扭矩和总阻力矩等各项性能参数,对ISAD的匹配性能作了研究,给出了设计依据,以及总体设计方案,提出电机设计中起动阻力矩的计算以及发电功率的确定,从而确定了设计目标,然后根据该目标选择、确立开关磁阻电机方案的电机电磁参数、控制电路以及实施方案,最后对该设计电机进行了起动助动发电的仿真研究,验证24/16结构开关磁阻电机ISAD总体方案的可行性。
本课题全新构思了六相12/10结构开关磁阻电机,并详细进行了设计、仿真、试验分析研究,设计中先给出了SR电机主要参数计算关系,接着通过使用ANSOFT软件中RMxprt电机优化设计模块设计了2.5kW电机参数,并研制了该样机。结合试验对比研究,验证了电机设计和矩角特性及包括起动在内的电动特性以及发电特性仿真分析的正确性。
在基于ANSOFT的六相12/10开关磁阻电机优化设计的研究与仿真基础上,本文最后介绍了SRM结构拓扑发展状况,给出了相数对SRM的起动性能、转矩波动以及容错性等性能的影响,同时针对柴油机和汽油机ISAD要求,借助RMxprt和MAXWELL 2D V11软件,分析了开关磁阻主要参数对其主要性能的影响及优化设计。总结了了六相12/10结构开关磁阻电机应用于汽车ISAD系统中的优越性。
Compared with other motors, Switched Reluctance Motor stands out with such features as simpler and firmer structure, lower cost, better error tolerance, normal function in higher temperature and bigger torque in low speed, etc. Thus, it has presently found wider application in many fields including Starter/Generator (S/G) system of aviation and automobile. In this project, SRM was adopted as the starter and generator for an automobile starting/generating system, and it’s performance was researched respectively. The principle and systematic design was presented with SRM as the automobile ISAD (Integrated Started Alternator Damper). The main research focuses are as follows: motor theory presentation and experiments research into three-phase 6/4 SR mote; scheme design for ISAD system through an analysis of 24/16 SRM; analytical study on it’s characteristics based on the SRM with a new six-phase 12/10 structure. A series of researches were carried out with a successful combination of the basic theory, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experiments.
Firstly, this paper discussed the basic structure topology and performance theory including driving and generating operation and control modes of SRM. Then an experiment on the generating operation had been conducted on a prototype of three-phase 6/4 SRM. Finally, an optimizing control method of lead angle of trigger and trigger pulse width had been developed.
In the system design scheme of ISAD, firstly, the matching function of ISAD was researchd according to the parameters of combustion engine such as power, torque and resistant moment. Thus, the basis and the general scheme for this design were developed. And, the calculation of starting resistant moment in the motor design and generating power were figured out to specify the design target which could be the foundation for the choice of electromagnetic parameters, control circuit and implementation plan for the switched reluctance motor. Finally, a simulation was conducted regarding the starting/ boosting generating operation of the motor to prove the feasibility of the general design scheme of ISAD based on 24/16 switched reluctance motor.
This project proposed a new type six-phase 12/10 SRM, which was carefully designed, simulated and tested. The chief parameter calculation relation of SRM were given followed by the determination of the 2.5KW motor parameter according to the RMxprt, a motor optimized design mode of ANSOFT, and a prototype was thus developed. After carrying out comparative study in testing, the system design was further proved to be well-established and reasonable concerning the motor design, the analysis of the torque-angle feature, motoring/starting feature and the simulation analysis of the generating feature.
In the optimized design of 6-phase 12/10 SRM based on ANSOFT, fistly, we introduced the development of SRM topology structure, analyzed the effect of the phase number on such performance as starting, torque fluctuation and fault tolerance . Secondly, according to the requirements of diesel/ petrol engine ISAD system, the effect of key SRM parameters on the essential performance based on the software RMxprt and MAXWELL 2D V11. Finally, we proved the superiority of the application of the six-phase 12/10 switched reluctance motor to automobile ISAD system.
引文
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